Background: Focused-image ultrasonography produces controlled waves that image dermal and subdermal structures in real time, with precise thermal coagulation points in a linear pattern, for eventual nonsurgical lifting.Objectives: The authors evaluate the effectiveness of single and dual planes of ultrasound treatment by varying the directions of treatment lines, depths, and ...

PURPOSE: Preclinical in vivo analyses of treatment responses are an important prerequisite to evaluate new therapeutics. Molecular in vivo imaging in the far red (FR)/near infra red (NIR) is a promising method, as it enables measurements at different time points in individual animals, thereby reducing the number of animals required, ...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to grade the severity of sonographic artifact produced by four suture materials and to determine whether these artifacts affect visualization of a digital nerve. Methods: A needle was placed into a pig foot to mimic a normal volar digital nerve. Incisions superficial to ...

Pregnancy is characterized by a higher incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) than in age-matched nonpregnant women. However, the diagnosis of PE during pregnancy might prove to be more difficult than in the general population. Clinicians strongly rely on imaging studies to establish a prompt diagnosis. On reviewing this article, the ...

Echocardiographic assessment of left atrial size from M-mode or 2D echocardiography measurements has been used in clinical and research studies for years, but its accuracy is now questioned. New techniques, such as 3D and tissue Doppler imaging, assessing velocities, strain and strain rate, provide improved prognostic value in a wide ...

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital lung anomalies has increased in recent years as imaging methods have benefitted from technical improvements. The purpose of this pictorial essay is to illustrate typical imaging findings of a wide spectrum of congenital lung anomalies on prenatal US and MRI. Moreover, we propose an algorithm based ...

Abstract Background: Delivery of powder formulations to the nose is an attractive alternative for many drugs and vaccines. This study compared the regional nasal deposition and clearance patterns of lactose powder delivered by the OptiNose powder device (Opt-Powder; OptiNose US Inc., Yardley, PA, USA) to that of liquid aerosol administered ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT), 4D image guidance (4D-IG), and beam gating on calculated treatment field margins in a lung cancer patient population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Images were acquired from 46 lung cancer patients participating in four separate protocols ...

OBJECTIVE.: To assess temporal changes in cartilage and bone morphology, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and vascularization in mono-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA) in rats via advanced imaging methodologies. METHODS.: Right knees of male 8-week old Wistar rats were injected with 1mg MIA in 50μl saline and left knee controls injected with ...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ventricular contrast medium attenuation on the accuracy of left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) function analysis on coronary computed tomographic angiographic (CCTA) imaging compared to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients ...

PURPOSE: Accurately quantifying knee joint motion is not simple. Skin movement over the medial and lateral femoral condyles is the greatest obstacle to obtaining accurate movement data non-invasively. The KneeKG™ system was developed with the objective of providing high reliability movement analysis. The goal of this manuscript is to review ...

The objective of the study was to evaluate the visual assessment of vaginal discharge by vaginoscopy for the diagnosis of clinical endometritis (CE) in dairy cows. In an in vivo trial, inter- and intraobserver repeatability of vaginoscopic examination (VE) was determined and the effect of transrectal palpation and experience of ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of a slit-lamp-adapted ultra-high resolution optical coherence tomography device with improved image resolution for imaging the retinal nerve fiber layer. The authors described the system configuration, build-up, and test results of a small sample of human subjects. The comparison with ...

We study different possibilities to use adaptive optics (AO) and phase diversity (PD) together in a jointly optimized system. The potential of the joint system is demonstrated through numerical simulations. We find that the most significant benefits are obtained from the improved deconvolution of AO-corrected wavefronts and the additional wavefront ...

Congenital airway anomalies can be asymptomatic or may cause severe respiratory distress requiring immediate treatment. These anomalies can present early in life, or may be just incidental findings. It is important to recognize these entities to realize their clinical significance and to avoid false diagnosis. In this article, the various ...

BACKGROUND: /st>We have developed a new bronchoscopy system with two independent lenses at the tip of the device. This enables measurement of object size using the principle of triangulation. This study was performed to assess the accuracy of this system. METHODS: /st>The accuracy of the bronchoscopy system was confirmed by ...

Purpose: To compare the image quality of dose-reduced 64-row abdominal CT reconstructed at different levels of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) to full-dose baseline examinations reconstructed with filtered back-projection (FBP) in a clinical setting and upgrade situation. Materials and Methods: Abdominal baseline examinations (noise index NI = 29; LightSpeed VCT XT, GE) ...

Adaptive sampling schemes choose different sampling masks for different images. Blind adaptive sampling schemes use the measurements they obtain (without any additional or direct knowledge about the image) to wisely choose the next sample mask. In this paper we present and discuss two blind adaptive sampling schemes. The first is ...

Since lung diseases adversely affect airflow during breathing, they must also alter normal lung motion, which can be exploited to detect these diseases. However, standard imaging techniques such as CT and MRI imaging during breath-holds provide little or no information on lung motion and cannot detect diseases that cause subtle ...

The systemic right ventricle (RV) in congenital heart disease is susceptible to progressive dilation and dysfunction. A 2-dimensional echocardiographic means for serial monitoring of the RV would be of great value in this clinical setting. We used 2-dimensional echocardiography with knowledge-based reconstruction (2DE-KBR) for evaluation of systemic RV. Patients with ...

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to test the feasibility of a Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti) stent technique (Memocore™) in a porcine model. The stent is intended as a new fiducial for gated image guided radiotherapy in the lung. The study included test of an improved insertion system and respiratory ...

The GOLD classification of COPD does not always matches with other clinical disease descriptors such as exacerbation frequency and quality of life indicating that FEV1 is not a perfect descriptor of the disease. The aim of this study was to see whether changes in airway geometry after inhalation of the ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of dose and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) on image quality of pulmonary computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Inflated and fixed porcine lungs were scanned with a 64-slice CT system at 10, 20, 40 and 400 mAs. Using automatic ...

Ultrasound imaging allows in vivo assessment of tracheal kinetics and cartilage structure. To date, the impact of mechanical ventilation (MV) on extracellular matrix (ECM) in airway cartilage is unclear, but an indication of its functional and structural change may support the development of protective therapies. The objective of this study ...

Recent resuscitation guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation emphasize that rescuers should perform tracheal intubation with minimal interruption of chest compressions. We evaluated the use of video guidance to facilitate tracheal intubation with the Airtraq (ATQ) laryngoscope during chest compression. Eighteen novice physicians in our anesthesia department performed tracheal intubation on a ...

A 13-year-old neutered female Labrador retriever had inspiratory dyspnea secondary to bilateral laryngeal paralysis. Radiographically, there was pectus excavatum with a mediastinal shift to the right. Arytenoid lateralization was performed, relieving the upper respiratory obstruction, and the sternal deformity also resolved. Chronic upper respiratory obstruction should be considered in dogs ...

Graded-index (GRIN) lenses serve as a key component for miniature endoscopes because of their small diameters and ease of assembly. However, the nonaplanatic nature of GRIN lenses causes inherent spatial aberrations that lower image resolution and sharpness. Here we present the diagnosis of the aberrations in GRIN probes and the ...

Although dozens of studies have examined the autonomic nervous system (ANS) aspects of negative emotions, less is known about ANS responding in positive emotion. An evolutionary framework was used to define five positive emotions in terms of fitness-enhancing function, and to guide hypotheses regarding autonomic responding. In a repeated measures ...

Ultrasonography (US) may aid the assessment of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) injury after lateral ankle sprains by allowing the clinician to visualize and measure talocrural laxity. Comparison of US against another objective method of ankle laxity assessment, such as ankle arthrometry (AA), is needed. The purpose was to evaluate ...

Purpose: Four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) has been widely used in radiation therapy to assess patient-specific breathing motion for determining individual safety margins. However, it has two major drawbacks: low soft-tissue contrast and an excessive imaging dose to the patient. This research aimed to develop a clinically feasible four-dimensional magnetic resonance ...

Purpose: Digital x-ray tomosynthesis (DTS) has the potential to provide 3D information about the knee joint in a load-bearing posture, which may improve diagnosis and monitoring of knee osteoarthritis compared with projection radiography, the current standard of care. Manually quantifying and visualizing the joint space width (JSW) from 3D tomosynthesis ...

Purpose: Bronchoscopic interventions, such as transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA), are commonly performed procedures to diagnose and stage lung cancer. However, due to the complex structure of the lung, one of the main challenges is to find the exact position to perform a biopsy and to actually hit the biopsy target ...

This feature issue serves as a pilot issue promoting the joint issue of Applied Optics and Chinese Optics Letters. It focuses upon topics of current relevance to the community working in the area of digital holography and 3-D imaging.

Purpose: To describe a digital single lens reflex (dSLR) camera adaptor for posterior segment photography. Method: A total of 30 normal canine and feline animals were imaged using a dSLR adaptor which mounts between a dSLR camera body and lens. Posterior segment viewing and imaging was performed with the aid ...

Context Pathology changes the consistency of the tissues. Objective To prospectively assess the accuracy of per-abdominal US elastography in the form of acoustic radiation force impulse - virtual touch tissue quantification (ARFI-VTQ) and eSie touch elasticity imaging in characterizing and differentiating inflammatory pancreatic diseases. Patients One-hundred and 66 patients from ...

Functional exclusion of the left atrial appendage using transcatheter devices has been developed as an alternative therapy for atrial fibrillation in patients for whom formal anticoagulation is contraindicated. Noninvasive follow-up imaging of these devices is desirable. Transthoracic echocardiography has limitations due to field of view, limited available imaging windows, and ...

PURPOSE: In oxygen-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the lung (O2-MRI), motion artifacts related to breathing hamper the quality of the parametric O2-maps. In this study, fully automatic non-rigid image registration was assessed as a post-processing method to improve the quality of O2-MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteers were investigated ...

Over the course of radiation therapy, a patient's anatomy may change substantially. The relatively recent addition of frequent in-room imaging to assist with patient localization has provided a database of images that may be used to recalculate dose distributions for adaptive radiotherapy purposes. The TomoTherapy Hi-Art II unit (Accuray Inc., ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Fibre-optic confocal imaging (FOCI) allows non-invasive visualization of live skin in vivo. A contrast agent, a fluorophore, is injected in the dermis. FOCI images are optical sections from a horizontal (en face) view. The aim was to study epidermis and the cellular structure of keratinocytes of psoriatic plaques and ...

Background. Over time, the striae rubra develop into striae alba that appear white, flat, and depressed. It is very important to determine the optimum striae management. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of these therapies, objective measurement tools are necessary. Objective. The aim of this study is to evaluate if ...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the diagnostic value of pulmonary embolism (PE) detection and characterization through quantitative iodine-based material decomposition images with spectral computed tomography (CT) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-three patients underwent CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) with spectral imaging mode with the simultaneous acquisition of 80 kVp and 140 kVp on ...

Although, the diagnosis and evaluation of sarcoidosis has traditionally remained confined to the chest, its multi-system nature has been widely recognized. Radiological features of pulmonary sarcoidosis are well known but extra-pulmonary manifestations can produce a plethora of non-specific imaging findings that can affect subcutaneous tissue, and the neurological, cardiac, gastrointestinal, ...

In vivo optical imaging can reveal the dynamics of large-scale cortical activity, but methods for chronic recording are limited. Here we present a technique for long-term investigation of cortical map dynamics using wide-field ratiometric fluorescence imaging of the genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI) Yellow Cameleon 3.60. We find that wide-field ...

Though the left cheek appears more emotive, perceptions of attractiveness vary with gender. For the first time, this study assessed the relationship between perceptions of emotion (happiness) and attractiveness in naturalistic photographic portraits. One hundred ninety-two participants (63 male; 129 female) viewed pairs of left and right cheek poses, and ...

Lung mechanics are an important determinant of physiologic and pathophysiologic lung function. Recent light microscopy studies of the intact lung have furthered the understanding of lung mechanics, but utilized methodologies that may have introduced artifacts. To address this concern, we employed a short working distance water immersion objective to capture ...

An ophthalmic adaptive optics (AO) imaging system is especially affected by pupil edge effects due to the higher noise and aberration level at the edge of the human pupil as well as the impact of head and eye motions on the pupil. In this paper, a two-step approach was proposed ...

PURPOSE:: To propose a clinical recommendation based on anatomy of maxillary sinus before sinus augmentation procedure using presurgical computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan images. MATERIALS AND METHODS:: CAT scan images were randomly selected from previous completed implant cases. Proposed area for the lateral window osteotomy was outlined on the panorex ...

Two-dimensional methods have been applied to determine the Achilles tendon moment arm in previous studies, although the talocrural joint rotates in three-dimension. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for determining the Achilles tendon moment arm in three-dimensions (3DMA). A series of sagittal ankle images were obtained ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in vocal fold vibratory phase asymmetry judged from stroboscopy, high-speed videoendoscopy (HSV), and the HSV-derived playbacks of mucosal wave kymography, digital kymography, and a static medial digital kymography image of persons with hypofunctional and hyperfunctional voice disorders. Differences between the ...

To define a statistically based variation of individual whole-lung densitometry above which a real increase of pulmonary extent can be suspected in lung cancer screening trials. Baseline and 3-month follow-up low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) examinations of 131 smokers or former smokers recruited in the ITALUNG (32 subjects) and MILD (99 ...