Negative self-images play an important role in maintaining social anxiety disorder. We propose that these images represent the working self in a Self-Memory System that regulates retrieval of self-relevant information in particular situations. Self-esteem, one aspect of the working self, comprises explicit (conscious) and implicit (automatic) components. Implicit self-esteem reflects ...

Humans process natural scenes rapidly and accurately. Low-level image features and emotional valence affect such processing but have mostly been studied in isolation. At which processing stage these factors operate and how they interact has remained largely unaddressed. Here, we briefly presented natural images and asked observers to report the ...

Anhedonia, the loss of interest or pleasure in normally rewarding activities, is a hallmark feature of unipolar Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). A growing body of literature has identified frontostriatal dysfunction during reward anticipation and outcomes in MDD. However, no study to date has directly compared responses to different types of ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the intraoperator and interoperator repeatability of manual and semi-automated measurement of increased nuchal translucency (NT) in sonographers with different levels of experience. METHODS: One hundred NT images without measurements were selected from the digital database. Half had NT measurements between 2.5 and 3.5 mm, and half had NT ...

This chapter highlights the use of nonhuman primate models of cocaine addiction and the use of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to study the role of individual differences in vulnerability and how environmental and pharmacological variables can impact cocaine abuse. The chapter will describe studies related to the dopamine (DA) ...

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the ability to confidently identify the intracranial translucency (IT) in a clinical practice and following a specific training of 10 operators. METHODS: Two experienced observers reviewed 11-13 week NT images for the IT visibility in (i) a first series of 50 images randomly selected from skilled operators ...

Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) was used to detect small animal brain activation in response to drug abuse. Cocaine hydrochloride in saline solution was injected into the blood stream of Sprague Dawley rats through tail veins. The rat brain functional change in response to the injection of drug was then monitored by ...

The first Eu(3+) chelate-based luminescent probe specific for nitric oxide (NO) has been designed and synthesized for highly sensitive and selective time-gated luminescence detection of NO. Based on the probe, a time-gated luminescence imaging technique was developed for imaging the endogenous NO production in living plant cells/tissues.

To determine whether MRI in combination with an intravascular contrast agent is sensitive to pharmacologically induced vasodilation and vasoconstriction in the rat kidney. R(2) imaging was performed in 25 Sprague Dawley rats at 3 Tesla in the presence of ferumoxytol, an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) agent with a long ...

Nitric oxide planar laser-induced fluorescence (NO PLIF) imaging at repetition rates as high as 1MHz is demonstrated in the NASA Langley 31 in. Mach 10 hypersonic wind tunnel. Approximately 200 time-correlated image sequences of between 10 and 20 individual frames were obtained over eight days of wind tunnel testing spanning ...

Functional neuroimaging studies in rodents have the potential to provide insight into neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions. The strength of the technique lies in its non-invasive nature that can permit longitudinal functional studies in the same animal over its adult life. The relatively good spatial and temporal resolution and the ever-growing ...

The use of structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in animal models of neuropathology is of increasing interest to the neuroscience community. In this work, we present our approach to create optimal translational studies that include both animal and human neuroimaging data within the frameworks of ...

In many instances of signal and image processing, it is indispensable to precisely distinguish scattered peaks from a background, e.g., camera signals in microscopy. Here we addressed the detection of Gaussian signals in simulated line profiles (LP) comparable with e.g., fluorescence microscopy data. In a first step, we measured the ...

Ga-67 has multiple energy emissions of different abundances and the quality of images is affected by these inhomogeneous energy distributions. Thus the purpose of this study was to investigate whether two or three energy peaks of Ga-67 would be the most appropriate setting in terms of γ-camera performance and image ...

This paper proposes the use of phase shift migration for ultrasonic imaging of layered objects and objects immersed in water. The method, which was developed in reflection seismology, is a frequency domain technique that in a computationally efficient way restores images of objects that are isotropic and homogeneous in the ...

We consider the inverse scattering problem that arises in two-photon quantum imaging with interferometric measurements. We show that the two-point correlation function of the field contains information about the scattering medium at a spatial frequency of twice the Rayleigh bandwidth. The linearized inverse problem, however, yields reconstructions with a resolution ...

A custom developed (6)Li glass scintillator (APLF80+3Pr) for down-scattered neutron diagnostics in inertial confinement fusion experiments is presented. (6)Li provides an enhanced sensitivity for down-scattered neutrons in DD fusion and its experimentally observed 5-6 ns response time fulfills the requirement for down-scattered neutron detectors. A time-of-flight detector operating in the ...

A coherence imaging camera has been set up at Pilot-PSI. The system is to be used for imaging the plasma density through the Stark effect broadening of the H(γ) line. Local density values are then obtained by the Abel inversion of the measured interferometric fringe contrast. This report will present ...

Backscattered light via laser-plasma instabilities has been measured in early NIF hohlraum experiments on two beam quads using a suite of detectors. A full aperture backscatter system and near backscatter imager (NBI) instrument separately measure the stimulated Brillouin and stimulated Raman scattered light. Both instruments work in conjunction to determine ...

A new Thomson scattering diagnostic system has been designed and is being built now on the COMPASS tokamak at the Institute of Plasma Physics ASCR in Prague (IPP Prague) in the Czech Republic. This contribution focuses on design, development, and installation of the light collection and detection system. High spatial ...

Ultrasonic guided wave imaging with a sparse, or spatially distributed, array can detect and localize damage over large areas. Conventional delay-and-sum images from such an array typically have a relatively high noise floor, however, and contain artifacts that often cannot be discriminated from damage. Considered here is minimum variance distortionless ...

Numerical modeling of the neutron imaging system for the National Ignition Facility (NIF), forward from calculated target neutron emission to a camera image, will guide both the reduction of data and the future development of the system. Located 28 m from target chamber center, the system can produce two images ...

To investigate the efficacy of two widely used scatter mitigation methods: antiscatter grids (ASGs) and beam modulating with bowtie filters (BTFs), in combination with subtractive scatter correction or zeroth order normalization phantom calibration, for improving image noise, contrast, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and image uniformity for on-board cone-beam CT (CBCT) imaging ...

The range-gated imaging systems are reliable underwater imaging system with the capability to minimize backscattering effect from turbid media. The tail-gating technique has been developed to fine tune the signal to backscattering ratio and hence improve the gated image quality. However, the tail-gating technique has limited image quality enhancement in ...

Optical imaging relies on the ability to illuminate an object, collect and analyse the light it scatters or transmits. Propagation through complex media such as biological tissues was so far believed to degrade the attainable depth, as well as the resolution for imaging, because of multiple scattering. This is why ...

The scanning helium ion microscope has been used in transmission mode to investigate both the feasibility of this approach and the utility of the signal content and the image information available. Operating at 40 keV the penetration of the ion beam, and the imaging resolution achieved, in MgO crystals was ...

We demonstrate in situ and real time characterization of two-photon polymerization (TPP) by means of broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. The same experimental setup based on one femtosecond oscillator is used to perform both TPP and broadband CARS microscopy. We performed in situ imaging with chemical specificity of ...

We propose a scheme for achieving widefield coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy images with sub-diffraction-limited resolution. This approach adds structured illumination to the widefield CARS configuration [Applied Physics Letters 84, 816 (2004)]. By capturing a number of images at different phases of the standing wave pattern, an image with ...

This perspective presents and assesses the development and capabilities of tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) since its discovery in 2000. So far, this technique has proven to be valuable for studies of a variety of inorganic, organic and biochemical specimens. Due to its ability to provide chemical and topographic characterization in ...

Optical contrast based on elastic scattering interactions between light and matter can be used to probe cellular structure, cellular dynamics, and image tissue architecture. The quantitative nature and high sensitivity of light scattering signals to subtle alterations in tissue morphology, as well as the ability to visualize unstained tissue in ...

This paper reports on the optimization and assessment of a hyperspectral imaging-based spatially-resolved system for determination of the optical properties of biological materials over the wavelengths of 500-1,000 nm. Twelve model samples covering a wide range of absorption and reduced scattering coefficients were created to validate the hyperspectral imaging system, ...

We present a full-wave acoustic inverse scattering algorithm designed specifically for ultrasonic breast imaging. At ultrasonic frequencies, the image domain is roughly tens to hundreds of min cubed, where min is the smallest wavelength in the transmit signal spectrum. The expected range of contrasts for the breast imaging problem for ...

OBJECTIVE: Low uptake of metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) in patients with heart failure generally indicates poor prognosis. Our objective was to determine the best method for calculating I-123 MIBG uptake. MIBG uptake as a percentage of the injected dose is presented as an alternative method for serial assessment. METHODS: Patients with chronic ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the collimator detector response (CDR) recovery and the effective scatter source estimation (ESSE) method which is the scatter correction method built into the ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) method. Method: The SPECT quality evaluation phantom and the anthropomorphic torso ...

We investigated the possibility of using standard commercial multimode fibers (MMF), Corning SMF28 fibers, to deliver picosecond excitation lasers for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) imaging. We theoretically and/or experimentally analyzed issues associated with the fiber delivery, such as dispersion length, walk-off length, nonlinear length, average threshold power for self-phase ...

On a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner consisting of block detectors, coincidence responses to scattered radiation may differ from those to true depending on the crystal pair position within a coincidence block pair. Furthermore, these differences are considered to vary according to the radial position of the coincidence block pair. ...

Acousto-optic imaging is based on ultrasound modulation of multiply scattered light in thick media. We experimentally demonstrate the possibility to perform a self-adaptive wavefront holographic detection at 790nm, within the optical therapeutic window where absorption of biological tissues is minimized. A high-gain Te-doped Sn(2)P(2)S(6) crystal is used for this purpose. ...

Colon samples with both healthy and cancerous regions have been imaged in diffuse light and backscattering geometry by using a Mueller imaging polarimeter. The tumoral parts at the early stage of cancer are found to be less depolarizing than the healthy ones. This trend clearly shows that polarimetric imaging may ...

We report a novel strategy to fabricate metal nanoparticle/carbon nanotube hybrids with unique plasmon properties as well as biocompatibility and further apply them as efficient dark field light scattering agents for cancer cell imaging.

The experimental technique of velocity map imaging (VMI) enables measurements to be made of the dynamics of chemical reactions that are providing unprecedented insights about reactive scattering. This perspective article illustrates how VMI, in combination with crossed-molecular beam, dual-beam or photo-initiated (Photoloc) methods, can reveal correlated information on the vibrational ...

Typical imaging depths with multiphoton microscopy (MPM) are limited to less than 300 mum in many tissues due to light scattering. Optical clearing significantly reduces light scattering by replacing water in the organ tissue with a fluid having a similar index of refraction to that of proteins. We demonstrate MPM ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare and validate three methods to simulate radiographic image detectors with the Monte Carlo software MCNP/MCNPX in a time efficient way. METHODS: The first detector model was the standard semideterministic radiography tally, which has been used in previous image simulation studies. Next ...

Time-correlated single-photon counting techniques have recently been used in ranging and depth imaging systems that are based on time-of-flight measurements. These systems transmit low average power pulsed laser signals and measure the scattered return photons. The use of periodic laser pulses means that absolute ranges can only be measured unambiguously ...

A major limitation of any type of microscope is the penetration depth in turbid tissue. Here, we demonstrate a fundamentally novel kind of fluorescence microscope that images through optically thick turbid layers. The microscope uses scattered light, rather than light propagating along a straight path, for imaging with subwavelength resolution. ...

The aim of this work is to evaluate the role of different amount of attenuation and scatter on FDG-PET image volume segmentation using a contrast-oriented method based on the target-to-background (TB) ratio and target dimensions. A phantom study was designed employing 3 phantom sets, which provided a clinical range of ...

Three exoplanets around the star HR 8799 have recently been discovered by means of differential imaging with large telescopes. Bright scattered starlight limits high-contrast imaging to large angular offsets, currently of the order of ten diffraction beamwidths, 10lambda/D, of the star (where lambda is the wavelength and D is the ...

Active optical imaging is preferred over radio frequency counterparts due to its higher resolution, faster area search rate, and relatively easier learning and interpretation of the image by a human observer. However, in imaging through atmosphere, one should consider dispersive effects of multiple scatterings and turbulence-induced wave perturbations, which give ...

A new method for imaging ultrafast dynamics in condensed matter using inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) is described. Using the concepts of causality and irreversibility a general solution to the inverse scattering problem (or "phase problem") for IXS is illustrated, which enables direct imaging of dynamics of the electron density with ...

A model-based inversion scheme was used to determine absolute chromophore concentrations from multiwavelength photoacoustic images. The inversion scheme incorporated a forward model, which predicted 2D images of the initial pressure distribution as a function of the spatial distribution of the chromophore concentrations. It comprised a multiwavelength diffusion based model of ...

In recent decades, developments in detectors for X-ray imaging have improved dose efficiency. This has been accomplished with for example, structured scintillators such as columnar CsI, or with direct detectors where the X rays are converted to electric charge carriers in a semiconductor. Scattered radiation remains a major noise source, ...