Gastric retention is postulated as an approach to improve bioavailability of compounds with narrow absorption windows. To elucidate the role of image size on gastric retention and pharmacokinetics, formulations with different image sizes and swelling kinetics but similar dissolution rates were designed and imaged in dogs. Diet had a clear ...

Gastric outlet obstruction in children encompasses a spectrum of disorders that extends beyond hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Each condition can result in the clinical syndrome of persistent nonbilious vomiting, which can progress to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. This paper reviews the spectrum of both the common and uncommon entities that cause ...

Dyspepsia is the medical term for difficult digestion. It consists of various symptoms in the upper abdomen, such as fullness, discomfort, early satiation, bloating, heartburn, belching, nausea, vomiting, or pain. The prevalence of dyspepsia in the western world is approximately 20% to 25%. Dyspepsia can be divided into 2 main ...

Among fossil primates, the Eocene adapiforms have been suggested as the closest relatives of living anthropoids (monkeys, apes, and humans). Central to this argument is the form of the second pedal digit. Extant strepsirrhines and tarsiers possess a grooming claw on this digit, while most anthropoids have a nail. While ...

To assess the image quality and radiation dose of low-dose dual-source CT (DSCT) coronary angiography reconstructed using iterative reconstruction in image space (IRIS), in comparison with routine-dose CT using filtered back projection (FBP). Eighty-one patients underwent low-dose coronary DSCT using IRIS with two protocols: (a)100 kVp and 200 mAs per ...

A mixed methane-oxidizing biofilm was characterized, concurrently using a number of advanced techniques. Community analysis results by microarray exhibited that type II members dominated the methanotrophic community, in which Methylocystis was most abundant, followed by Methylosinus. Observation results by fluorescent in situ hybridization and confocal microscopy showed multiple biofilm colonies ...

Radiation protection for interventional radiology (IR) physicians is very important. Current IR X-ray systems tend to use flat-panel detectors (FPDs) rather than image intensifiers (IIs). The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that there is no difference in physician-received scatter radiation (PRSR) between FPD systems and II ...

The Főrster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based luminescent ruthenium(ii) cephalosporin probe has been designed and synthesized, which can be selectively activated by endogenous β-lactamases and thus provided a localized and specific intracellular luminescence imaging and photoinactivation of drug resistant bacterial pathogens.

Fourier transform infrared microscopic imaging (FTIRI) was used to quantitatively examine the anisotropies of proteoglycan (PG) and collagen in articular cartilage. Dried 6 μm thick sections of canine humeral cartilage were imaged at 6.25 μm pixel-size in FTIRI with an infrared analyzer set at 26 different angles between 0° and ...

High-angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) is a diffusion weighted MRI technique that overcomes some of the decisive limitations of its predecessor, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), in the areas of composite nerve fiber structure. Despite its advantages, HARDI raises several issues: complex modeling of the data, nonintuitive and computationally demanding visualization, ...

A series of periodic saturation pulses used to minimize the error caused by varying transit delays in assessing perfusion using quantitative imaging of perfusion using a single subtraction II with thin-slice TI(1) periodic saturation (Q2TIPS) increases the specific absorption rate. Quantitative imaging of perfusion using a single subtraction II with ...

A strategy based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to transform a red-emitting fluorophore into a ratiometric indicator for mitochondrial Zn(II) is demonstrated.

We have proposed a zoom-in positron emission tomography (PET) system that incorporates a high-resolution detector into an existing PET scanner to obtain high-resolution images of a region of interest. Previously we have shown by computer simulations that the high-resolution detector can improve the overall system performance in terms of spatial ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiographic features of permanent three-rooted mandibular first molars with radix entomolaris (RE), investigate the correlation between anatomical classification and radiographic type of RE, and to determine the most effective horizontal beam angulation for the diagnosis of RE. Twenty-five extracted mandibular first permanent molars with ...

Adjunctive radiation treatment of childhood intracranial neoplasms of grade II or higher creates a risk of subsequent vasculopathy. A 28-year-old male presented with a Glasgow Coma Scale 12 after acute collapse and hemiparesis with an intraparenchymal haematoma. Emergent craniotomy, histopathology and subsequent imaging confirmed the cause as radiation-induced moyamoya disease, ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate patient doses in two interventional cardiology laboratories over a period of 1 y in which the imaging devices were changed from image intensifier (II) to flat detector (FD). Dosimetric data from a total of 1040 coronary angiography (CA) procedures and 1087 percutaneous ...

The development of new therapies for heart failure (HF), especially acute HF, has proven to be quite challenging; and therapies evaluated in HF have greatly outnumbered treatments that are eventually successful in obtaining regulatory approval. Thus, the development of therapies for HF remains a vexing problem for pharmaceutical and device ...

PURPOSE: To compare optic disc measurements between the new Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (RTVue-100) and the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (Heidelberg retinal tomography, HRT-II) in clinical practice. METHODS: Patients seen from the glaucoma service of an academic department of ophthalmology between August 2008 to August 2009 with good-quality RTVue-100 and ...

Abstract We have made a quantitative analysis of the microcirculation in the classic perfusion zones of the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEAP) flap on 10 consecutive women having breast reconstruction with a unilateral DIEAP. Laser Doppler perfusion imaging was used for operative scans. Data were recorded 10 minutes after ...

Fluorescent imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR II, 1-1.4 μm) holds much promise due to minimal autofluorescence and tissue scattering. Here, using well-functionalized biocompatible single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as NIR II fluorescent imaging agents, we performed high-frame-rate video imaging of mice during intravenous injection of SWNTs and investigated the ...

The authors address the value of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic ultrasound for the diagnosis of cystic and solid neoplasms of the pancreas, demonstrating that each of them is of great importance to undoubtedly increase the diagnostic accuracy of the biliopancreatic system diseases. The ...

Diffusion tensor (DT) imaging and related multifiber reconstruction algorithms allow the study of in vivo microstructure and, by means of tractography, structural connectivity. Although reconstruction algorithms are promising imaging tools, high-quality diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) datasets for verification and validation of postprocessing and analysis methods are lacking. Clinical in vivo DWI ...

The aim of this study was to clarify the reproducibility of the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (JMHLW) type classification for osteonecrosis of the femoral head. We performed inter-observer and intra-observer trials using 40 sets of magnetic resonance imagings, 20 of which were produced by a 0.5 Tesla (T) ...

Recent studies indicate that controlling the nuclear decondensation and intra-nuclear localization of plasmid DNA (pDNA) would result in an increased transfection efficiency. In the present study, we established a technology for imaging the nuclear condensation/decondensation status of pDNA in nuclear subdomains using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between quantum dot ...

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the reproducibility and accuracy of color Doppler flow location in indeterminate masses after a gray-scale sonography in the diagnosis of ovarian malignancy. Methods: Digitally stored color Doppler sonographic images from a random sample of 130 women with an indeterminate adnexal mass submitted to surgery were evaluated ...

For the validation of complex diffusion imaging techniques like q-ball imaging that aim to resolve multiple fiber directions, appropriate phantoms are highly desirable. However, previous q-ball imaging phantoms had diffusion anisotropies well below those of in vivo white matter. In this work, fiber phantoms of well-defined geometry are presented. The ...

The objective of this research was to determine whether fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) maps derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the brain are able to reliably differentiate patients with schizophrenia from healthy volunteers. DTI and high resolution structural magnetic resonance scans were acquired in 50 patients ...

The activation of NF-κB has been implicated in various forms of cancer. Thereafter, targeting NF-κB has been suggested for cancer therapy. Instant and accurate tools to monitor NF-κB activation are necessary for such drug screening. Currently, there are various assays available to study NF-κB activation in vitro, however, techniques involving ...

With diffusion tensor imaging, the diffusion of water molecules through brain structures is quantified by parameters, which are estimated assuming monoexponential diffusion-weighted signal attenuation. The estimated diffusion parameters, however, depend on the diffusion weighting strength, the b-value, which hampers the interpretation and comparison of various diffusion tensor imaging studies. In ...

In order to obtain detailed information on disease-associated changes in the integrity of cerebral white matter (WM), complementary image analysis (CIA) was applied to patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and controls. Both diffusion tensor imaging and T1-weighted 3-dimensional data were analyzed with respect to WM microstructure and T1 signal ...

The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences in white matter integrity between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and healthy controls, as determined using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis of diffusion tensor imaging data. Twelve patients with SLE (mean age 42 years [range 15-61 years]) diagnosed ...

Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is a common mechanism of traumatic brain injury not readily identified using conventional neuroimaging modalities. Novel imaging modalities such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can detect microstructural compromise in white matter (WM) in various clinical populations including TAI. DTI-derived data can be analyzed using global methods ...

Purpose: To preoperatively detect, by using diffusion-tensor imaging coregistered with anatomic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, suspected microstructural tissue changes of the trigeminal nerves in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) resulting from neurovascular compression. Materials and Methods: The study was approved by the institutional review board, and written informed consent was ...

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at 3 T provides information on the microstructure and pathophysiology of tissues that is not available from conventional imaging with an advantage of high signal to noise ratio (SNR). To evaluate the feasibility of DTI of the normal kidney at 3.0 T compared to results obtained ...

The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family and involved in nerve growth and survival. It has also become a major research focus in the investigation of both cognitive and affective processes in the human brain in the last years. Especially, a single nucleotide polymorphism on ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate Meyer's loop by 3-T MRI with fiber tractography, color-coded fractional anisotropy maps, and eigenvector maps. The anteroposterior distance from the anterior bundle of the Meyer's loop to temporal pole ranged from 26.3 to 34 mm, overlapping with the previously published anatomical dissection ...

Diving is associated with a risk of cerebral decompression illness, and the prevalence of neurological symptoms is higher in divers compared with control groups. Microvascular dysfunction due to gas microembolism and exposure to hyperoxia are possible mechanisms, which may result in cerebral diffusion and perfusion deficits. To investigate if possible ...

The aims of this study were to assess whether similar measurements of mean apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy in muscles can be obtained with regions of interest drawn on cross-sectional diffusion tensor images and tractography and to assess whether water diffusivity in human thigh muscles is influenced by muscular ...

This article presents two related advancements to the diffusional kurtosis imaging estimation framework to increase its robustness to noise, motion, and imaging artifacts. The first advancement substantially improves the estimation of diffusion and kurtosis tensors parameterizing the diffusional kurtosis imaging model. Rather than utilizing conventional unconstrained least squares methods, the ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cardiac pulsation in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the rat brain. DTI data were acquired either with or without different cardiac gating delays. For each case, two sets of identical DTI data were acquired for a bootstrap analysis to ...

Raster image correlation spectroscopy (RICS) is a noninvasive technique to detect and quantify events in a live cell, including concentration of molecules and diffusion coefficients of molecules; in addition, by measuring changes in diffusion coefficients, RICS can indirectly detect binding. Any specimen containing fluorophores that can be imaged with a ...

Diffusion magnetic resonance studies of the brain are typically performed using volume coils. Although in human brain this leads to a near optimal filling factor, studies of rodent brain must contend with the fact that only a fraction of the head volume can be ascribed to the brain. The use ...

This study describes a method of utilizing unaveraged dipolar effects to characterize and compute collagen fiber tracks using magnetic resonance imaging. The technique yields information about fiber structure with some similarities to what can be obtained in brain using diffusion tensor imaging, but relies on a completely different physical mechanism, ...

Diffusion-weighted imaging has generated substantial interest in the hope that it can be developed into a robust technique to improve the accuracy of MRI for the evaluation of prostate cancer. This technique has the advantages of short acquisition times, no need for intravenous administration of contrast medium, and the ability ...

Optimizing the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) parameters (i.e., the b-value and the number of image averages) to the tissue of interest is essential for producing high-quality apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. Previous investigation of this optimization was performed assuming Gaussian noise statistics for the ADC map, which is only valid for ...

Split-blade diffusion-weighted periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction (DW-PROPELLER) was proposed to address the issues associated with diffusion-weighted echo planar imaging such as geometric distortion and difficulty in high-resolution imaging. The major drawbacks with DW-PROPELLER are its high SAR (especially at 3T) and violation of the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill condition, ...

Associated abnormalities of the white matter in patients with agyria-pachygyria complex have rarely been investigated using new imaging modalities like diffusion tensor imaging. The present study evaluated the white matter changes of 9 children with agyria-pachygyria complex using diffusion tensor imaging. Regions of interest were placed in 17 white matter ...

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the globus pallidus internus (GPi) are the most common surgical targets for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. We studied directionally colored fractional anisotropy (FA) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) sequences to better target these anatomical regions. Four patients undergoing stereotactic surgery for movement disorders were ...

A new automatic algorithm for assessing fiber-bundle organization in the human heart using diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging is presented. The proposed approach distinguishes from the locally "greedy" paradigm, which uses voxel-wise seed initialization intrinsic to conventional tracking algorithms. It formulates the fiber tracking problem as the global problem of computing ...

To investigate the utility of diffusion tensor tractography at 1mm slice thickness to map and quantify the whole trajectory of different cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathways of the healthy adult human brain. This work was approved by the local Institutional Review Board, and was Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant. Five ...