The eastern North American monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) is well known for its long-distance fall migration. To illuminate the neural basis of sun compass navigation during the migration, the layout of the monarch butterfly brain was analyzed by immunocytochemistry and three-dimensional reconstructions. The monarch brain is depicted in anti-synapsin-labeled serial ...

Inflammation is a highly dynamic and complex adaptive process to preserve and restore tissue homeostasis. Originally viewed as an immune-privileged organ, the central nervous system (CNS) is now recognized to have a constant interplay with the innate and the adaptive immune systems, where resident microglia and infiltrating immune cells from ...

MRC Clinical Research Training Fellow, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF. Alisdair.mcneill@ucl.ac.uk ABSTRACT: There is a wide variety of genetic and sporadic causes for neurodegenerative disorders with apparent brain iron accumulation on magnetic resonance imaging. Rare recessive causes include ...

Neurological deficits in the paediatric age group are much rarer than in adults; however, it is an urgent condition that relies heavily on imaging for a prompt accurate diagnosis. Neurological deficits caused by cerebrovascular diseases are defined as stroke, whereas conditions manifesting with neurological deficits without underlying cerebrovascular diseases are ...

Hashimoto encephalopathy is characterized by cognitive impairment and other neurologic symptoms, including seizure, myoclonus, tremor, ataxia, parkinsonism, and psychiatric disorders. The presence of serum antithyroglobulin antibody and/or antimicrosomal antibody is always found, and the response to steroid treatment is usually promising. We report a case of a 41-year-old woman with ...

Despite recent advances in the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) using therapeutic hypothermia, at least 30% of the cooled infants will die or have moderate/severe neurological disability. Umbilical cord blood cells (UCBCs), which are readily available at birth, have been shown to reduce sensorimotor and/or cognitive impairments in several ...

OBJECTIVE: Neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition, reported to occur in 25%-70% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Brain imaging, especially magnetic resonance imaging, is frequently used to diagnose or exclude overt cerebral pathologies such as edema, hemorrhage, and central thrombosis. More advanced imaging techniques ...

Stroke mimics refer to conditions manifesting with neurologic deficits without underlying cerebrovascular diseases. Major causes in the paediatric population under this category include infections, inflammation, demyelination, neoplasm, drug related, phacomatosis, and miscellaneous disorders. These conditions and their respective imaging findings are briefly discussed here.

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Traumatic brain injury is a form of acquired brain injury that results from sudden trauma to the head. Specifically, mild traumatic brain injury is a clinical diagnosis that can have significant effects on an individual's life, yet is difficult to identify through traditional imaging techniques. CASE PRESENTATION: This ...

We describe a case of intrathecal haematoma following combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section. The parturient was previously well with no risk factors for haematoma development. Surgical intervention was delayed, resulting in permanent neurological injury. Incorrect interpretation of clinical findings and magnetic resonance imaging contributed to the delay in definitive ...

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful tool for in vivo imaging investigations of human brain function. It provides non-invasive quantification of brain metabolism, receptor binding of various neurotransmitter systems, and alterations in regional blood flow. The use of PET in a clinical setting is still limited due to the ...

Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have been implicated in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders in recent studies. As a noninvasive medical imaging technique and a powerful tool in neurological research, positron emission tomography (PET) offers the possibility to visualize and study group II mGluRs in vivo under ...

We present a rectangle-based segmentation algorithm that sets up a graph and performs a graph cut to separate an object from the background. However, graph-based algorithms distribute the graph's nodes uniformly and equidistantly on the image. Then, a smoothness term is added to force the cut to prefer a particular ...

We have developed a fully automatic method for the synthesis of 16α-[F]fluoroestradiol ([F]FES) using a TRACERlab FXFN module. Following [F]fluorination, the intermediate was hydrolyzed with a mixture of 2 N HCl in acetonitrile (CH3CN) and then neutralized with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). After HPLC purification, the decay-corrected radiochemical yield of [F]FES ...

This work presents the methodology to design a small imaging unit in a small regional hospital that takes into account the real imaging needs in the region regardless of current administrative guidelines. The situation of the imaging facilities in Mexico's states is studied and compared with other countries, and a ...

Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) have been widely deployed in healthcare institutions, and they now constitute a normal commodity for practitioners. However, its installation, maintenance, and utilization are still a burden due to their heavy structures, typically supported by centralized computational solutions. In this paper, we present Dicoogle, a ...

Radiology departments around the country have completed the first evolution to digital imaging by becoming filmless. The next step in this evolution is to become truly paperless. Both patient and non-patient paperwork has to be eliminated in order for this transition to occur. A paper-based set of patient pre-scanning questionnaires ...

Picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) are being widely adopted in radiology practice. The objective of this study was to find radiologists' perspective on the relative importance of the required features when selecting or developing a PACS. Important features for PACS were identified based on the literature and consultation/interviews with ...

Canadian Immunohistochemistry Quality Control (CIQC) operates an academic proficiency testing (PT) program using a traditional expert panel-based qualitative assessment system. The image analysis approach is increasingly considered for use in PT to follow demand for precision in immunohistochemical test calibration. CIQC introduces and explores the usefulness of a novel image ...

Two siblings born of a consanguineous marriage with history of neurologic deterioration were imaged. Imaging features are classical of glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA-1), acute (striatal necrosis) stage in younger sibling, and chronic stage in older sibling. GA-1 is an autosomal recessive disease with typical imaging features. Greater awareness about ...

Radiology examinations are large. The advent of fast volume imaging is making that statement truer every year. PACS are based on the assumption of fast local networking and just-in-time image pull to the desktop. On the other hand, teleradiology has been developed on a push model to accommodate the challenges ...

The Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) market has been transformed by disruptive innovations from the information technology industry. The cost of storage alone has dropped by a factor of 100 within the past 10 years. Improvements in display, processing, and networking have likewise enabled PACS to be a capable ...

The present study examined electrocortical evidence for a negativity bias, focusing on the impact of specific picture content on a range of event-related potentials (ERPs). To this end, ERPs were recorded while 67 participants viewed a variety of pictures from the International Affective Picture System. Examination of broad categories (i.e., ...

Clinical trials which use imaging typically require data management and workflow integration across several parties. We identify opportunities for all parties involved to realize benefits with a modular interoperability model based on service-oriented architecture and grid computing principles. We discuss middleware products for implementation of this model, and propose caGrid ...

The objectives of this study were to investigate the possibility of using a picture archiving and communications system (PACS) for basic chairside cephalometric analysis and to compare PACS with hand-tracing and on-screen digitization using a commercial program (Dolphin Imaging Plus™ Version 10.0). One hundred digital lateral cephalometric radiographs were selected ...

Traditionally, cephalometric analysis has been carried out using a hand-tracing manual method. In imaging, picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) are information management systems used for the capture and measurement of medical and dental radiographs. Although not customized for lateral cephalometry, this study aimed to evaluate the cephalometric measurements made ...

To assess the impact of a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) on the diagnostic accuracy of the interpretation of chest radiology examinations in a "real life" radiology setting. During a period before PACS was introduced to radiologists, when images were still interpreted on film and reported on paper, images ...

Unconventional discourse in schizophrenia has been speculated to be attributable to the mixing up of symbols and signs. We illustrate how a series of scientific images, cartoons, and prose are used by a patient to weave disparate-and objectively unrelated-concepts. The resulting prose is incoherent science.

The complexity of our current healthcare delivery system has become an impediment to communication among caregivers resulting in fragmentation of patient care. To address these issues, many hospitals are implementing processes to facilitate clinical integration in an effort to improve patient care and safety. Clinical informatics, including image storage in ...

Due to the rapid growth of Shanghai city to 20 million residents, the balance between healthcare supply and demand has become an important issue. The local government hopes to ameliorate this problem by developing an image-enabled electronic healthcare record (EHR) sharing mechanism between certain hospitals. This system is designed to ...

District general hospital scanners have historically been linked to regional neuroscience units for specialist opinions on scans and to make decisions on transfer of patients requiring neurosurgical management. The implementation of digital picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) in all hospitals in the UK has disrupted these dedicated links and ...

Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS), which was originally designed as a tool for facilitating radiologists in interpreting images more efficiently, is evolving into a hospital-integrated system storing diagnostic imaging information that often reaches far beyond Radiology. The continuous evolution of PACS technology has led to a gradual broadening of ...

In recent years, the use of the Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS) has become widespread in the area of diagnostic radiology for archival, review and reporting of patient data. However, the adoption of PACS within the field of radiotherapy is still very limited, despite the fact that most radiotherapy ...

The picture archiving and communication system (PACS) eventually will replace the use of standard hard-copy radiographs. It is unknown whether measurements of limb length discrepancy (LLD) and deformity on PACS compare in accuracy and reproducibility with those from hard-copy radiographs. We compared the reproducibility and reliability of LLD and deformity ...

PURPOSE: To enhance the functional expandability of a picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) workstation and to facilitate the integration of third-part image-processing modules, we propose a browser-server style method. METHODS: In the proposed solution, the PACS workstation shows the front-end user interface defined in an XML file while the ...

Gessner's sources for the pictures in his Historia animalium were varied in kind and in quality. This should be understood within the larger context of the Historia animalium in which Gessner sought to collect everything ever written about animals, an enterprise that could not be completed by a single individual. ...

PACS has been widely adopted as an image storage solution that perfectly fits the radiology department workflow and that can be easily extended to other hospital departments. Integrations with other hospital systems, like the Radiology Information System, the Hospital Information System and the Electronic Patient Record are fully achieved but ...

This article describes our experience in using a Picture Archiving and Communications System, known as Secure Medical Image Information System, based on the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine standard that supports the use of secure transmissions, from the point of view of how the use of secure sending methods ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of implementing an automated process for generating coronal and sagittal reformatted images on radiologist workflow. When performing trauma-related CT examinations of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine at our institution, technologists manually generate coronal and sagittal reconstructions at the scanner ...

PURPOSE: Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) bears great potential for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD). However, current CBIR systems are not able to integrate with clinical workflow and PACS generally. One essential factor in this setting is scheduling. Applied and proved with modalities and the acquisition of images for a long time, we ...

Pediatric radiologists who practice prenatal imaging are often at the front lines of communication with pregnant patients and their partners. The communication process is particularly complex when a fetal abnormality is diagnosed. Regardless of whether the information is completely new and unexpected, or the patient is referred for tertiary imaging ...

This paper examines household and community-level influences on diarrhoeal prevalence in southern Malawi. A Bayesian multi-level modelling technique is used in the estimation of hierarchically built data from a survey of individuals nested within households nested within communities. Households have strong unobserved influence on diarrhoeal illness (sigma(2)(u) = 4.476; 95% ...

Medical imaging acquired for clinical purposes can have several legitimate secondary uses in research projects and teaching libraries. No commonly accepted solution for anonymising these images exists because the amount of personal data that should be preserved varies case by case. Our objective is to provide a flexible mechanism for ...

Thin-slice CT data, useful for clinical diagnosis and research, is now widely available but is typically discarded in many institutions, after a short period of time due to data storage capacity limitations. We designed and built a low-cost high-capacity Digital Imaging and COmmunication in Medicine (DICOM) storage system able to ...

It is clear that ubiquitous mobile computing platforms will be a disruptive technology in the delivery of healthcare in the near future. While radiologists are fairly sedentary, their customers, the referring physicians, and the patients are not. The need for closer collaboration and interaction with referring physicians is seen as ...

The paper describes a fundamental feature of digital cytology relevant to the implementation of the technology in the hospital net services: the electronic recording of the virtual slides (VS) in the hospital information system (HIS) through a picture archiving and communication system (PACS). Starting from the digital cytology (D-CYT) state ...

Using Web-PACS has become an attractive option that brings access to medical imaging databases from remote hosts. However, the big size of the medical images to be transmitted impacts negatively on the teleradiologist experience by increasing the dead times elapsed between study request and visualization on the screen. In this ...

A review of literature and archival images reveals a distinctive method of double-walled house construction that predominated at the Beach site at Wales, Alaska, minimally from early contact through ca. 1930. Prior studies have suggested that this house construction form was a widespread convention during the contact period; however, this ...

To analyze the effects that hands-free communication device (HCD) systems have on healthcare organizations from multiple user perspectives. This exploratory qualitative study recruited 26 subjects from multiple departments in two research sites located in Portland, Oregon: an academic medical center and a community hospital. Interview and observation data were gathered ...

This chapter gives an educational overview of: * various digital imaging technologies, systems and standards * key components of a Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) * advantages of a digital medical imaging service over a film-based service * standards used in PACS * how PACS integrates with an image-enabled ...