The role of zinc ion in cytotoxicity following ischemic stroke, prolonged status epilepticus, and traumatic brain injury remains controversial, but likely is the result of mitochondrial dysfunction. We describe an excitation ratiometric fluorescence biosensor based on human carbonic anhydrase II variants expressed in the mitochondrial matrix, permitting free zinc levels ...

BackgroundPrevious literature demonstrated that the T2* value of the uterine junctional zone was lower than that of peripheral myometrium by using BOLD MR imaging. We expect T2* mapping image may add more information to T2-weighted images of the uterine myometrium.PurposeTo evaluate whether T2* mapping software would reproduce the result of ...

Knowledge in the research fields of body image and sexuality has significantly increased in the last decade. In this review, data from 57 studies were compiled for a review of empirical evidence regarding the association between sexuality and body image among healthy women. The overall conclusion is that body image ...

The diaphragm is the primary muscle of ventilation. Dysfunction of the diaphragm is an underappreciated cause of respiratory difficulties and may be due to a wide variety of entities, including surgery, trauma, tumor, and infection. Diaphragmatic disease usually manifests as elevation at chest radiography. Functional imaging with fluoroscopy (or ultrasonography ...

To validate the diagnostic capability of tissue Doppler imaging in assorting the extent of diastolic dysfunction. In this primary clinical research diagnostic study, we enrolled 70 patients with systemic hypertension presenting with shortness of breath between May 2010 to July 2010 to Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain. Forty-eight patients satisfied ...

Two-dimensional speckle-tracking strain imaging (speckle strain imaging) is useful for evaluating left ventricular myocardial function in patients with ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy, including hypertrophic and dilated phenotypes. The usefulness of speckle strain imaging in patients with pheochromocytoma who are undergoing adrenal surgery has been described, but we found no ...

Hypovitaminosis D is associated with cognitive decline in the elderly, but the issue of causality remains unresolved. Definitive evidence would include the visualization of brain lesions resulting from hypovitaminosis D. The aim of the present article is to determine, through a literature review, the location and nature of possible brain ...

We describe the synthesis and pharmacological characterization of a first generation of ifenprodil conjugates 4-7 as fluorescent probes for the confocal microscopy imaging of the NR2B-containing NMDA receptor. The fluorescein conjugate 6 displayed a moderate affinity for NMDAR but a high selectivity for the NR2B subunit and its NTD. Fluorescence ...

Purpose:To investigate the longitudinal profile of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) injection-induced damage in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) by imaging retinal Thy 1-cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) expression and inner retinal layers using a custom-made imaging device containing short-wave-length confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (scSLO) and speckle noise-reduced spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).Methods:Simultaneous scSLO and ...

Intracellular viscosity strongly influences transportation of mass and signal, interactions between the biomacromolecules, and diffusion of reactive metabolites in live cells. Fluorescent molecular rotors are recently developed reagents used to determine the viscosity in solutions or biological fluid. Due to the complexity of live cells, it is important to carry ...

The aim of the study was to determine the feasibility of using a clinical optical breast scanner with molecular imaging strategies based on modulating light transmission. Different concentrations of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT; 0.8-20.0 nM) and black hole quencher-3 (BHQ-3; 2.0-32.0 µM) were studied in specifically designed phantoms (200-1,570 mm(3)) with a clinical ...

Scalp electroencephalography (EEG) has been established as a major component of the pre-surgical evaluation for epilepsy surgery. However, its ability to localize seizure onset zones (SOZ) has been significantly restricted by its low spatial resolution and indirect correlation with underlying brain activities. Here we report a novel non-invasive dynamic seizure ...

To investigate the effects of the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, sildenafil citrate, on choroidal thickness using eye-tracked enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. In a prospective interventional study, 8 healthy subjects (4 men and 4 women) with no ocular history underwent enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography at baseline, 1 ...

To denote the metabolic imaging localization of seizure onset with ictal and interictal Neurolite single-photon emission computed tomographic scans and difference images made by subtracting activity at individual voxels of these images, which ultimately identify intense focal uptake in the trunk motor region and other, probably secondarily, propagated pathways. Retrospective ...

This paper describes the first approach at combining paper microfluidics with electrochemiluminescent (ECL) detection. Inkjet printing is used to produce paper microfluidic substrates which are combined with screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) to create simple, cheap, disposable sensors which can be read without a traditional photodetector. The sensing mechanism is based on ...

Background:  Development of a standardized internet-based system to self-assess skills in optic disc examination for glaucoma risk assessment. Design:  Prospective internet-based observational study. Participants:  Total of 197 participants (glaucoma subspecialists, general ophthalmologists and trainees) from 22 countries. Methods:  Forty-two optic disc images demonstrating a range of features were selected from ...

Recently the effects of reduced bit-depth acquisition on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) image quality have been evaluated by using simulations and empirical studies, showing that image acquisition at 8-bit depth allows high system sensitivity with only a minimal drop in the signal-to-noise ratio compared to higher bit-depth systems. However, ...

To describe a software package (Discus) for investigating clinicians' subjective assessment of optic disc damage [diagnostic accuracy in detecting visual field (VF) damage, decision criteria, and agreement with a panel of experts] and to provide reference data from a group of expert observers. Optic disc images were selected from patients ...

The paper presents a simple, parameter-free method to detect the optic disc in retinal images. It works efficiently for blurred and noisy images with a varying ratio OD/image size. The method works equally well on images with different characteristics which often cause standard methods to fail or require a new ...

To evaluate the diagnostic assessment of optic nerve heads (ONH) by stereophotography (SP) and Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). This study involved 53 consecutive patients with RP and 24 controls who underwent ONH examination by SP and HRT. On the basis of the appearance at ...

We introduce a pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) measurement system based on an electroluminescence (EL) as a surface illumination. This consists of an inorganic EL as the illumination, a short-pass filter, and a platinum-porphyrin based PSP. The short-pass filter, which passes below 500 nm, was used to separate an overlay of the ...

Chronic heavy consumption of alcohol is associated with increased risks of developing liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and esophageal varices. Cessation of alcohol consumption is the most important requirement in treating these diseases. However, judging whether patients have actually maintained abstinence from alcohol requires reliance on their reports, which vary substantially ...

Fluorescent image patterns of a substituted acetylene polymer film with a large FFV were successfully obtained by a µCP method using several kinds of chemical ink compounds. PO and SCA generated positive-type fluorescent image patterns. On the other hand, an ethanolic solution of DNT generated a negative-type fluorescent image pattern ...

The human retina is a uniquely accessible tissue. Tools like scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography provide clinicians with remarkably clear pictures of the living retina. Although the anterior optics of the eye permit such non-invasive visualization of the retina and associated pathology, the same optics induce significant ...

Gold nanorods (GNRs) have been widely used for bio-imaging. However, GNRs assisted optical in vivo deep tissue imaging is severely restricted due to signal attenuation, low contrast, complex process or low real-timing. To overcome these problems, we functionalized GNRs with both near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) ...

A novel and completely tracer free strategy to image composition and velocity fields during the mixing process of two liquids is introduced. The achieved temporal resolution, spatial resolution and sampling rate of 30 ns, 54 x 54 µm2 and 10 kHz, respectively, are sufficient to resolve Kolmogorov time and length ...

Optical designers are encouraged to adopt aspheric and free-form surfaces into an increasing number of design spaces because of their improved performance. However, residual tooling marks from advanced aspheric fabrication techniques are difficult to remove. These marks, typically in the mid-spatial frequency (MSF) regime, give rise to structured image artifacts. ...

Achieving label-free, molecular-specific imaging with high spatial resolution in deep tissue is often considered the grand challenge of optical imaging. To accomplish this goal, significant optical scattering in tissues has to be overcome while achieving molecular specificity without resorting to extrinsic labeling. We demonstrate the feasibility of developing such an ...

Optical absorption can detect individual molecules and nanostructures even in dissipative or strongly quenching environments where fluorescence signals are weak. Here we image optical absorption of individual carbon nanotubes with subnanometer resolution. We show that we can discriminate adjacent nanotubes on a length scale far below the diffraction limit. Then ...

We studied an imaging system consisting of an elliptical mirror and a hyperbolic mirror [i.e., one-dimensional (1D) Wolter optics] to realize an achromatic full-field hard x-ray microscopy with a resolution better than 50 nm. We report the performance of this 1D Wolter optical system when the mirrors were ultraprecisely figured ...

We propose three-dimensional (3D) optical microscopy using axially distributed image sensing. In the proposed method, the micro-objects are optically magnified and their axially distributed images are recorded by moving the image sensor along a common optical axis. The 3D volumetric images are generated from the recorded axial image set using ...

In this paper we derive an analytical model of a long-exposure star image for an adaptive-optics(AO)-corrected coronagraphic imaging system. This expression accounts for static aberrations upstream and downstream of the coronagraphic mask as well as turbulence residuals. It is based on the perfect coronagraph model. The analytical model is validated ...

We have developed a new, unified implementation of the adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) incorporating a wide-field line-scanning ophthalmoscope (LSO) and a closed-loop optical retinal tracker. AOSLO raster scans are deflected by the integrated tracking mirrors so that direct AOSLO stabilization is automatic during tracking. The wide-field imager and ...

We present a method to form an optical window in the mouse skull that spans millimeters and is stable for months without causing brain inflammation. This enabled us to repeatedly image blood flow in cortical capillaries of awake mice and determine long-range correlations in speed. We also repeatedly imaged dendritic ...

Channel and memory capacities are limited and expensive resources in optical communication. In this work we propose several approaches to reduce the required capacity by using the a priori knowledge about the optical system used to capture the spatial information. The a priori knowledge is related to the triangularlike shape ...

A functionalized polymer film allowing for a complete and straightforward second-harmonic generation (SHG)-assisted high-contrast writing-reading-erasing-writing sequence is proposed. The whole process is supported by the reversible photoinduced dimerization of a coumarin chromophore and enables efficient optical data storage that can be detected only by SHG imaging.

We propagated transverse two-dimensional images encoded on optical pulses through a frequency window of a coupled-image-resonator-induced transparency. The optical images are stored and delayed by 10.6ns, reflecting the tunable dispersion of the coupled resonator. The k-space bandwidth of the amplitude transfer function of the system is discussed in the presence ...

Traditional approaches to wide field of view (FoV) imager design usually lead to overly complex optics with high optical mass and/or pan-tilt mechanisms that incur significant mechanical/weight penalties, which limit their applications, especially on mobile platforms such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).We describe a compact wide FoV imager design based ...

We have developed an adaptive optics photoacoustic microscope (AO-PAM) for high-resolution imaging of biological tissues, especially the retina. To demonstrate the feasibility of AO-PAM we first designed the AO system to correct the wavefront errors of the illuminating light of PAM. The aberrations of the optical system delivering the illuminating ...

Abnormal microcirculation within meninges is common in many neurological diseases. There is a need for an imaging method that is capable of monitoring dynamic meningeal microcirculations, preferably decoupled from cortical blood flow. Optical microangiography (OMAG) is a recently developed label-free imaging method capable of producing 3D images of dynamic blood ...

Superresolution optical microscopy (nanoscopy) is of current interest in many biological fields. Superresolution optical fluctuation imaging, which utilizes higher-order cumulant of fluorescence temporal fluctuations, is an excellent method for nanoscopy, as it requires neither complicated optics nor illuminations. However, it does need an impractical number of images for real-time observation. ...

The ECE imaging (ECEI) diagnostic tested on the TEXTOR tokamak revealed the sawtooth reconnection physics in unprecedented detail, including the first observation of high-field-side crash and collective heat transport [H. K. Park, N. C. Luhmann, Jr., A. J. H. Donné et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 195003 (2006)]. An improved ...

The installation of a new electron cyclotron emission imaging diagnostic for the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) is underway, making use of a unique optical port cassette design, which allows placement of refractive elements inside the cryostat region without adverse effects. The result is unprecedented window access for the ...

We propose an image-resolution upscaling method for compact imaging systems. The image resolution is calculated using the resolving power of the optics and the pixel size of a digital image sensor. The resolution limit of the compact imaging system comes from its size and the number of allowed lenses. To ...

Recently, two-dimensional microwave imaging diagnostics such as the electron cyclotron emission imaging (ECEI) system and microwave imaging reflectometry (MIR) have been developed to study magnetohydrodynamics instabilities and turbulence in magnetically confined plasmas. These imaging systems utilize large optics to collect passive emission or reflected radiation. The design of this optics ...

This paper presents a new computational solution to quantify the porosity of synthetic materials from optical microscopic images. The solution is based on an artificial neuronal network of the multilayer perceptron type and a backpropagation algorithm is used for training. To evaluate this new solution, 40 sample images of a ...

The synthesis and the photophysical studies of the first bodipy-DOTA and its In(III), Ga(III) and Cu(II) complexes are reported. The introduction of an isothiocyanate handle generates a new bimodal imaging agent capable of both optical and nuclear imaging.

This work demonstrates wafer-scale, path-independent, atomically-based long term-stable, position nanometrology. This nanometrology optical ruler imaging system uses the diffraction pattern of an atomically stabilized laser from a microfabricated quasiperiodic aperture array as a two-dimensional optical ruler. Nanometrology is accomplished by cross correlations of image samples of this optical ruler. The ...

A new method of optical imaging that can generate the section images of arbitrarily tilted planes has been developed from illumination-angle-scanning digital interference holography. A set of complex object fields are reconstructed from the holograms captured as the illumination angle is varied with uniform intervals. After the complex fields are ...

In this paper we present a new microscopy configuration based upon temporal tracking of a secondary reflected speckle by imaging the speckle through properly defocused optics. The configuration is used to monitor three-dimensional (3-D) spontaneous contraction of rat cardiac muscle cells while achieving nanometer tracking accuracy at a rate of ...