Abstract. This review provides details on the role of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in current dengue surveillance systems and focuses on the application of open access GIS technology to emphasize its importance in developing countries, where the dengue burden is greatest. It also advocates for increased international collaboration in transboundary ...

Endosomes constitute a central layer in the regulation of growth factor signaling. We applied flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and automated image quantification to define the role of Caveolin1 (Cav1) in epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (i) internalization and (ii) endosomal trafficking. Antisense-downregulation of Cav1 did not affect internalization of EGF:EGFR-complexes ...

We investigate the role of identity and self-image consideration under "pay-what-you-want" pricing. Results from three field experiments show that often, when granted the opportunity to name the price of a product, fewer consumers choose to buy it than when the price is fixed and low. We show that this opt-out ...

This study compared body image concerns among adolescents from different geographic locations in Brazil, and the influence of sex and nutritional status. Seven hundred eighty-eight adolescents completed the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and had their weight and height measured. There were significant cross-regional differences in BSQ scores. Also, body image ...

On the cover: Confocal microscopy image of porcine buccal mucosal tissue treated with alum, from "The Role of Salivary Proteins in the Mechanism of Astringency" by Catherine A. Lee, Baraem Ismail, and Zata M. Vickers; p C202. Confocal image by Mark A. Sanders, Program Director, University Imaging Centers, Univ. of ...

The prognosis for testicular cancer is excellent, with a 5-year survival rate greater than 95%. Patients affected can therefore expect to be cured after treatment. Successful treatment requires assessment of the condition at the various stages of its management. Imaging plays a major role in initial analysis of the lymphatic ...

In addition to its central roles in protein quality control, regulation of cell cycle, intracellular signaling, DNA damage response and transcription regulation, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays specific roles in the nervous system, where it contributes to precise connectivity through development, and later assures functionality by regulating a wide spectrum ...

Inflammation plays a major role in the development of many diseases. This review article summarizes recent research in the field of in vivo imaging of inflammation. Novel methodologies using PET with (68)Ga peptides targeting, for example, vascular adhesion protein 1 are discussed.

Magnetic resonance imaging has a complementary role in obstetrical imaging to ultrasound (US). Although US has advantages as an initial imaging technique, there are significant numbers of patients who cannot be adequately evaluated for a variety of reasons including calvarial calcification, oligoanhydramnios, or simply obesity. MR can provide additional information ...

We describe the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound as an additional imaging technique during an ultrasound examination of a traumatised testis, allowing for confident testicular preserving surgery to be performed.

In this study, we investigated the body image of Turkish women in their first year postpartum. We recruited 440 postpartum women who had applied to the outpatient clinics of the Maternity and Children's Hospital in the city of Ordu, Turkey. The mean of the women's body image scores was over ...

This article presents the Austrian system of emergency preparedness for nuclear and radiological emergency situations. It demonstrates, in particular, the legal basis, the roles and competencies of the competent authorities, international and bilateral conventions on early notification of nuclear accidents, the Austrian emergency plans, the Austrian radiation monitoring system, the ...

This critical review will present the role of nanoparticles (NPs) in the directions that are vital to the new field of nanomedicine, including imaging and drug delivery. We reflect on the physical properties that make NPs advantageous for in vivo efficacy, and review recent advances in major NP based biomedical ...

A wide spectrum of pediatric corpus callosal diseases can occur in the pediatric age group. Cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of these patients. We reviewed our imaging record and collected cases of corpus callosal pathology. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the ...

Most tumours, even those of the same histological type and grade, demonstrate considerable biological heterogeneity. Variations in genomic subtype, growth factor expression and local microenvironmental factors can result in regional variations within individual tumours. For example, localised variations in tumour cell proliferation, cell death, metabolic activity and vascular structure will ...

Miscellaneous tumour-like ovarian lesions are histo-biologically diverse, and are often mistaken for the more common ovarian cancers, leading to aggressive management. Knowledge of characteristic clinical, laboratory and imaging findings of these select non-neoplastic ovarian entities allows correct diagnoses and permits optimal management.

Objectives: Surgical resection is the only curative option for colorectal hepatic metastases. Intra-operative localisation of these metastases during hepatic resection is performed by intra-operative B-mode imaging and palpation. Because liver metastases are stiffer than normal tissues, elastography may be a useful complement to B-mode imaging. This paper reports quantitative measures ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The use of digital imaging and algorithm-assisted identification of regions of interest is revolutionizing the practice of anatomic pathology. Currently automated methods for extracting the tumour regions in basal cell carcinomas are lacking. In this manuscript a colour-deconvolution based tumour extraction algorithm is presented. FINDINGS: Haematoxylin and eosin ...

This article aims to highlight the role of consumer products companies in the heart and the extent of accidents involving these types of products, and as such undesired events take part as an agent in influencing decision making for the purchase of a product that nature on the part of ...

The paradigm of drug development is shifting towards early use of imaging biomarkers as surrogate end-points in clinical trials. Quantitative Imaging in Cancer: Connecting Cellular Processes (QuIC-ConCePT) is an initiative to qualify complementary imaging biomarkers (IB) of proliferation, cell death and tumour heterogeneity as possible tools in early phase clinical ...

PURPOSE: The imaging potential of a new (18)F-labelled methionine derivative, S-(3-[(18)F]fluoropropyl)-D: -homocysteine ((18)F-D-FPHCys), and its selectivity for amino acid transporter subtypes were investigated in vitro and by imaging of human tumour xenografts. METHODS: Expression of members of the system L (LAT isoforms 1-4 and 4F2hc) and ASCT (ASCT isoforms 1 ...

Primary medical therapy is used to reduce tumour size prior to surgery in women with locally advanced breast cancer. Optical tomography is a functional imaging technique using near- infrared light to produce three-dimensional breast images of tissue oxygen saturation and haemoglobin concentration. Its advantages include the ability to display quantitative ...

Desmoplastic small round cell tumour (DSRCT) belongs to the histological descriptive category of small round blue cell tumours. DSRCT primarily occurs in adolescents and young adults between the ages of 15-25 years and has a male predominance. DSRCT is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis; timely diagnosis is therefore ...

PurposeTo describe a new technique for transillumination photography of uveal melanoma and other intraocular tumours based on a simple modification of a standard digital slit lamp camera system.MethodsTransillumination imaging was performed with a digital slit lamp camera (Photo-Slit Lamp BX 900; Haag-Streit, Koeniz, Switzerland) modified by releasing the distal end ...

Background and AimsPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the USA. Surgical resection is the only effective treatment; however, only 20% of patients are candidates for surgery. The ability to detect early PDAC would increase the availability of surgery and improve patient survival. This ...

Background & objectives: Non-invasive and non-ionizing medical imaging techniques are safe as these can be repeatedly used on as individual and are applicable across all age groups. Breast thermography is a non-invasive and non-ionizing medical imaging that can be potentially used in breast cancer detection and diagnosis. In this study, ...

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? We have previously shown that percutaneous radiofrequency ablation guided by image-fusion technology allows for precise needle placement with real time ultrasound superimposed with pre-loaded imaging, removing the need for real-time CT or MR guidance. Emerging technology also allows real-time ...

The study aimed to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of occlusal caries depth measurements obtained from different imaging modalities. The study comprised 21 human mandibular molar teeth with occlusal caries. Teeth were imaged using film, CCD, two different cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) units and a microcomputer tomography (micro-CT). Thereafter, each ...

Background: Intraoperative consultations in neuropathology are often assessed by smear preparations rather than by frozen sections. Both techniques are standard practice for light microscopic examination on site, but there is little data comparing these techniques in a telepathology setting. Methods: Thirty cases of brain tumours submitted for intraoperative consultation at ...

PURPOSE: Delineation of tumour boundaries is important for quantification of [(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D: -glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) studies and for definition of biological target volumes in radiotherapy. Several (semi-)automatic tumour delineation methods have been proposed, but these methods differ substantially in estimating tumour volume and their performance may be affected ...

This review focuses on the role of interventional venous sampling in the diagnosis and localization of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), and its role in relation to conventional and novel imaging techniques. Imaging of NETs has evolved together with advances in imaging technology. Imaging localization plays an important role in the subsequent ...

Magnetic resonance imaging and multidetector computed tomography are new imaging methods that have much to offer clinicians caring for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. In this article we briefly describe the clinical, pathophysiological and histological aspects of dilated cardiomyopathy. Then we discuss in detail the use of both imaging methods for ...

Background  Mohs micrographic surgery offers high cure rates of nonmelanoma skin cancers with optimal sparing of normal tissue. However, it is generally more time-consuming and labour-intensive than traditional surgery. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emergent technology that has the potential to diagnose basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in vivo. Objective  ...

Because of a much higher dynamic range of flat panel detectors, patient dose can vary without change of image quality being perceived by radiologists. This condition makes optimization (OT) of radiation protection undergoing digital radiography (DR) more complex, while a chance to reduced patient dose also exists. In this study, ...

Clarke G M, Peressotti C, Holloway C M B, Zubovits J T, Liu K & Yaffe M J (2011) Histopathology59, 116-128 Development and evaluation of a robust algorithm for computer-assisted detection of sentinel lymph node micrometastases Aims:  Increasing the sectioning rate for breast sentinel lymph nodes can increase the likelihood ...

BACKGROUND: The simultaneous detection of protein expression and gene copy number changes in patient samples, like paraffin-embedded tissue sections, is challenging since the procedures of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) negatively influence each other which often results in suboptimal staining. Therefore, we developed a novel automated algorithm ...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent malignant tumour of the liver. HCC prognosis is dependent on the determination of the tumour stage by conventional imaging and early screening. However, patient survival can vary with the same tumour stage. Biomarkers thus have a role in providing an earlier diagnosis, better ...

An eight-year-old female spayed Airedale terrier with rapid recurrence of a nasal adenocarcinoma following image-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy was treated with transnasal, imageguided cryotherapy. Ice ball size and location were monitored real-time with computed tomography-fluoroscopy to verify that the entire tumour was enveloped in ice. Serial computed tomography scans demonstrated ...

Angiogenesis represents the formation of new capillaries from existing vasculature, and as such plays a critical role in the response to ischemia in the setting of chronic coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease. Recent technological advances in non-invasive imaging modalities now allow the molecular imaging of angiogenesis. One such technique ...

Peripheral MR angiography requires high resolution and arterial contrast. Neither can be obtained simultaneously due to the short arterial phase of the contrast agent. To improve temporal resolution, keyhole imaging was developed, which combines high resolution and arterial k-spaces at the time of image acquisition. Here, a related approach is ...

Radiofrequecy ablation is the most widely used local ablative therapy for both primary and metastatic liver tumours. However, it has limited application in the treatment of large tumours (tumours >3cm) and multicentric tumours. In recent years, many strategies have been developed to extend the application of radiofrequency ablation to large ...

To use the contrast agent gadofosveset for absolute quantification of myocardial perfusion and compare it with gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA) using a high-resolution generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA) sequence. Ten healthy volunteers were examined twice at two different dates with a first-pass perfusion examination at rest using prebolus technique. We ...

This paper presents an image quality enhancement of computational integral imaging reconstruction (CIIR) method by using a binary weighting mask on occlusion areas in elemental images. The proposed method utilizes a block-matching algorithm to estimate the occlusion areas in elemental images. Then, a binary weighting mask generated from the estimated ...

Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) cystography is rapidly becoming the most recommended study for evaluation of the bladder for suspected trauma. This article reviews the bladder trauma with emphasis on the application of MDCT cystography to traumatic bladder injuries using a pictorial essay based on images collected in our level I ...

Quantification of perfusion with arterial spin labeling MRI requires a calibration of the imaging sensitivity to water throughout the imaged volume. Since this sensitivity is affected by coil loading and other interactions between the subject and the scanner, the sensitivity must be calibrated in the subject at the time of ...

Ultrasound-based molecular imaging employs targeted microbubbles to image vascular pathology. This approach also has the potential to monitor molecularly targeted microbubble-based drug delivery. We present an image-guided drug delivery technique that uses multiple pulses to translate, image, and cavitate microbubbles in real time. This technique can be applied to both ...

Activity outside the field-of-view (FOV) degrades the count rate performance of 3D PET and consequently reduces signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of reconstructed images. The aim of this study was to evaluate a neck-shield installed in a 3D PET scanner for reducing the effect of the outside FOV activity. Specifically, we compared ...

This prospective study evaluated the role of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the treatment of patients with impacted mandibular third molars at increased risk of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury. Subjects with an increased risk of IAN injury, as diagnosed on panoramic radiographs, were enrolled in this study and ...

Background: Maintenance of complex transgenic colonies and labour-intensive techniques pose significant challenges in work involving mouse models for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Other animal models of unusual species are generally impractical for research purposes. Aims: To develop a highly reproducible orthotopic mouse model for HCC based on the murine α-foetoprotein (AFP), ...

OBJECTIVE: Chylothorax resulting from thoracic duct damage is often difficult to identify and repair. We hypothesized that near-infrared fluorescent light could provide sensitive, real-time, high-resolution intraoperative imaging of thoracic duct anatomy and function. METHODS: In 16 rats, 4 potential near-infrared fluorescent lymphatic tracers were compared in terms of signal strength ...