The objective of this study was to assess and quantify the dimensional error of prototypes produced using multi-slice and cone-beam computed tomography (MSCT and CBCT). Titanium screws were inserted into a dry skull at different points of the midface. The skull was scanned using MSCT (LightSpeed16(®)) with pixel size 0.3mm ...

OBJECTIVE: Conventional diagnostic methods frequently detect only late stage enamel demineralization under composite resin restorations. The objective of this study is to examine the subsurface tooth-composite interface and to assess for the presence of secondary caries in pediatric patients using a novel Optical Coherence Tomography System with an intraoral probe. ...

A method is presented for elevation, latitude and longitude decorrelation stretch of multi-temporal MODIS MYD11C3 imagery (monthly average night land surface temperature (LST) across USA and Mexico). Multiple linear regression analysis of principal components images (PCAs) quantifies the variance explained by elevation (H), latitude (LAT), and longitude (LON). The multi-temporal ...

Short-term lethal bioassays are not suited for assessing the real effects of pollutants in natural ecosystems, as their concentrations are usually unrealistic under an ecological point of view. By contrast, chronic bioassays are more realistic for assessing effects on aquatic animals, especially when behavioural endpoints are used. These endpoints are ...

Purpose: A probabilistic image segmentation algorithm called stochastic region competition is proposed for performing Doppler sonography segmentation.Methods: The image segmentation is conducted by maximizing a posteriori that models histogram likelihood, gradient likelihood, and a spatial prior. The optimization is done by a modified expectation and maximization (EM) method that aims ...

OBJECTIVES: To compare mesoscopic epi-fluorescence tomography (MEFT) and EPRI-illumination reflectance imaging (EPRI) for quantitative tumour size assessment in mice. METHODS: Tumour xenografts of green/red fluorescent protein (GFP/RFP)-expressing colon cancer cells were measured using MEFT, EPRI, ultrasound (US) and micro computed tomography (μCT) at day 14 post-injection (n = 6). Results from MEFT ...

PURPOSE: To develop and validate a robust standardized reporting tool for describing retinal findings in children examined for suspected abusive head trauma. DESIGN: A prospective interobserver and intraobserver agreement study. METHOD: An evidence-based assessment pro forma was developed, recording hemorrhages (location, layer, severity) and additional features. Eight consultant pediatric ophthalmologists ...

BACKGROUND: Composite tissue allografts (CTAs) including partial face transplantation have been achieved clinically. However, risks of complications including tissue ischemia, rejection, and transplant failure are significant. Safe and effective techniques to assess perfusion are needed to decrease complications in composite tissue flaps. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has been previously shown ...

123I-N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropan (123I-FP-CIT) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can be evaluated by both visual assessment and quantitative analysis to assess the striatal dopamine state in vivo. The aim of our study was to investigate if visual assessment according to a predefined image grading scale reflects the results of quantitative assessment ...

Numerous immunohistochemically detectable proteins, such as immune cell surface (CD) proteins, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinases, have been proposed as potential prognostic markers in colorectal cancer (CRC) and other malignancies. However, the lack of reproducibility has been a major problem in validating the clinical use of such markers, ...

In the current era of expanding catheter-based and complex repair procedures to treat aortic valve (AV) diseases, growing consideration is being given to understanding the functional anatomy of the AV complex. Echocardiography is the primary imaging modality to assess and follow-up AV diseases, and the recent three-dimensional (3D) capabilities allow ...

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and robustness of motion sensitized driven equilibrium (MSDE) for blood suppression in volumetric 3D whole-heart cardiac MR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To investigate the efficacy of MSDE on blood suppression and myocardial signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss on different imaging sequences, seven healthy adult subjects were imaged ...

Here we provide a brief description of our program to improve diagnostic accuracy in cases with phenotypically similar presentations that are due to distinct histopathologic abnormalities. We propose a staged approach to diagnosis, beginning with a screening assessment of specific, quantitative neuropsychological measures, and followed by assessments of imaging and ...

PURPOSE: High-dose-rate brachytherapy of the prostate is commonly performed using transrectal ultrasound (US) guidance, with CT imaging used for needle reconstruction and treatment planning. Transrectal ultrasound images can, however, be used for the entire process, allowing treatment without changes in the patient position. This study assesses needle reconstruction accuracy using ...

The development of radiologic criteria for the assessment of response to treatment in high-grade gliomas (HGGs) has evolved considerably over the past few decades since the original response criteria based on computed tomography imaging. Accuracy and objectivity in the assessment of response to treatment of HGGs is necessary for altering ...

Atherosclerotic disease is responsible for nearly half of all deaths in the western world. During the past three decades, considerable efforts have been made towards detection and assessment of atherosclerosis plaques in various vascular beds using different imaging techniques. Recently, both noninvasive and invasive modalities have frequently been used to ...

The Virtusound platform was developed for real time room acoustics simulation and auralization through binaural technology. The calculation module uses an accelerated mirror image source method and a time-dependent radiosity method for the computation of the binaural room impulse responses. Informal tests have shown the system to be accurate and ...

Although several imaging modalities have been utilized to observe tendons, assessing injured tendons by tracking the healing response over time with ultrasound is a desirable method which is yet to be realized. This study examines the use of ultrasound for non-invasive monitoring of the healing process of Achilles tendons after ...

A flexible spectral imaging color enhancement system was installed in new capsule software for video capsule endoscopy. Contrast image capsule endoscopy (CICE) is a novel technology using light-emitting diodes selected for the main absorption range of hemoglobin. We assessed the feasibility and diagnostic effi cacy for small bowel surveillance in ...

Objective: Neonatal screening and earlier diagnosis have improved the prognosis of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency, which causes a need to refine the staging of the pigmentary chorioretinopathy and thus improve monitoring and comparability of patients under dietary therapy. Methods: Seven children with LCHAD deficiency caused by homozygous ...

A new method for prosthetic component segmentation from fluoroscopic images is presented. The hybrid approach we propose combines diffusion filtering, region growing and level-set techniques without exploiting any a priori knowledge of the analyzed geometry. The method was evaluated on a synthetic dataset including 270 images of knee and hip ...

BACKGROUND: The endoscope-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (eCLE) system allows in vivo imaging of colorectal epithelium. Little is known about the learning curve for accurate interpretation of confocal images acquired with eCLE. OBJECTIVE: To determine the learning curve of eCLE, its diagnostic accuracy, and the intra- and interobserver agreement for the ...

The application of raster image correlation spectroscopy (RICS) as a tool for the characterisation of protein diffusion was assessed using a model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), as a function of formulation and denaturing conditions. RICS results were also validated against dynamic light scattering and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Results from ...

There is no standardized method for assessing vitiligo. In this article, we review the literature from 1981 to 2011 on different vitiligo assessment methods. We aim to classify the techniques available for vitiligo assessment as subjective, semi-objective or objective; microscopic or macroscopic; and as based on morphometry or colorimetry. Macroscopic ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To describe the difficulty in assessing the biological activity of a novel agent in phase II trials. RECENT FINDINGS: Two major fields of research provide interesting new potential endpoints: endpoints based on new imaging techniques (e.g. PET or spectral imaging that explore tumour metabolism, dynamic contrast enhanced ...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the 'new kid on the block' in coronary imaging. This technology offers clinicians a high resolution (approximately 15μm), that is ten times higher than the currently accepted gold standard of intravascular ultrasound and has emerged as the ideal imaging tool for the assessment of superficial ...

The goal of no-reference objective image quality assessment (NR-IQA) is to develop a computational model that can predict the human perceived quality of distorted images accurately and automatically without any prior knowledge of reference images. Most existing NR-IQA approaches are distortionspecific (DS) and are typically limited to one or two ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to assess whether texture analysis is feasible for automated identification of epithelium and stroma in digitized tumor tissue microarrays (TMAs). Texture analysis based on local binary patterns (LBP) has previously been used successfully in applications such as face recognition and industrial machine ...

During the past 22 years 3-dimensional/4-dimensional ultrasonography (3D/4D US) has evolved into a powerful technique. In contrast to conventional 2-dimensional (2D) US that only allows imaging of single planes, 3D/4D US offers several image displays that do not exist in 2D imaging. In obstetrics, in particular, where amniotic fluid surrounds ...

Objective-To evaluate the precision and accuracy of assessing bone mineral density (BMD) by use of mean gray value (MGV) on digitalized and digital images of conventional and digital radiographs, respectively, of ex vivo bovine and equine bone specimens in relation to the gold-standard technique of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Sample-Left ...

Image-based computational modeling has been introduced for vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques to identify critical mechanical conditions which may be used for better plaque assessment and rupture predictions. In vivo patient-specific coronary plaque models are lagging due to limitations on non-invasive image resolution, flow data, and vessel material properties. A framework is ...

To study the usefulness of a novel echocardiographic technique, velocity vector imaging (VVI) in the measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Ejection fraction measured by echocardiography forms the cornerstone in the assessment of LV systolic function. Errors in measurement of EF by routine two-dimensional echocardiography (2D ECHO) limit its ...

To evaluate the progress in wound healing, wound assessment is mandatory. Epithelialization is traditionally assessed subjectively by the clinician. In a previous study, subjective assessment of epithelialization was shown to be reliable. In this study, reliability of epithelialization measured by digital image analysis was investigated and then, we validated the ...

Background: Real time three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography allows the assessment of left ventricular (LV) mechanical dyssynchrony and may be useful in predicting response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. However, reproducibility of 3D dyssynchrony in past reports varied widely. We evaluated intra- and interobserver reproducibility of parameters of LV mechanical dyssynchrony by 3D ...

The McFarland method allows the concentration of bacterial cells in a liquid medium to be determined by either of two instrumental techniques: turbidimetry or nephelometry. The microbes act by absorbing and scattering incident light, so the absorbance (turbidimetry) or light intensity (nephelometry) measured is directly proportional to their concentration in ...

OBJECTIVE.: Ultrasound has shown being a sensitive tool for evaluating synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the validity of ultrasound has not been established yet in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of ultrasound for detecting synovitis for both diagnosis and follow ...

BACKGROUND: Deep burn assessment made by clinical evaluation has an accuracy varying between 60% and 80% and will determine if a burn injury will need tangential excision and skin grafting or if it will be able to heal spontaneously. Laser Doppler Imaging (LDI) techniques allow an improved burn depth assessment ...

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic capability of a smartphone handset compared with a standard office computer workstation for teleophthalmology fundus photo assessments of diabetic retinopathy. Methods: Eligible, consenting participants' fundus images were acquired using a non-mydriatic camera. These images along with other medical data were transmitted 20 miles away ...

We present a colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe Cy-N(3) that exhibits a selective response to H(2)S. The probe employs a near-infrared cyanine as a fluorophore, and is equipped with an operating azide unit. It is readily employed for assessing intracellular H(2)S levels, and confocal ratiometric imaging is achieved successfully.

We describe a simulation of the complete image processing pipeline of a digital camera, beginning with a radiometric description of the scene captured by the camera and ending with a radiometric description of the image rendered on a display. We show that there is a good correspondence between measured and ...

The purpose was to compare self-report and psychophysiological assessment techniques in the measurement of emotional response to body image cues. Female college students (n=53; % Caucasian=53.6; M Body Mass Index=26.1kg/m(2)) completed the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-3) and viewed photos of themselves both unaltered and morphed to simulate weight gain. Response ...

INTRODUCTION: Laser Doppler imaging (LDI) has been investigated and used since 1993 for the assessment of burn wounds. Here we describe tests that validate use of the dedicated colour palette, derived in Part 1, for a standardised interpretation of LDI images for prediction of healing time (<14 days, 14-21 days ...

Purpose: Since the introduction of clinical x-ray phase-contrast mammography (PCM), a technique that exploits refractive-index variations to create edge enhancement at tissue boundaries, a number of optimization studies employing physical image-quality metrics have been performed. Ideally, task-based assessment of PCM would have been conducted with human readers. These studies have ...

PURPOSE: To determine interobserver agreement and diagnostic accuracy using a lexicon for standardized interpretation of molecular breast imaging (MBI) studies by breast radiologists. METHODS: An MBI lexicon was developed, including descriptors of lesion type, background uptake, and associated findings by a consensus of experts. In an institutional review board-exempted protocol, ...

Purpose: Assessment of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) foci as a measure for double-strand breaks (DSB) is a common technique. Since visual interpretation is time consuming and influenced by subjective factors, we adapted the pattern recognition algorithms of autoantibodies to automated assessment of γH2AX foci. Materials and methods: DSB formation was ...

Ischaemic stroke and myocardial infarction often result from the sudden rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. The subsequent arterial thrombosis occluding the vessel lumen has been widely indicated as the crucial acute event causing peripheral tissue ischaemia. A complex cross-talk between systemic and intraplaque inflammatory mediators has been shown to regulate ...

BACKGROUND: Dermoscopy is a non-invasive in vivo skin imaging technique that assists dermatologists in diagnosing melanoma. However, the use of dermoscopy for diagnosis requires extensive training since this approach often provides extremely complex and subjective information. The presence of an imperceptible color difference in dermoscopy images is one of the ...

Many subjective assessment methods for fresh meat quality are still widely used in the meat industry, making the development of an objective and non-destructive technique for assessing meat quality traits a vital need. In this study, a hyperspectral imaging technique was investigated for objective determination of pork quality attributes. Hyperspectral ...

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinically significant arrhythmia and is associated with considerable increase in morbidity and mortality. Its appropriate evaluation and management are therefore of paramount importance. Cardiac imaging plays a crucial role in this regard. Imaging permits the identification of cardiovascular conditions that predispose to the ...

This study proposes a method that effectively tracks trocar tool and peg positions in real time to allow real time assessment of the peg transfer task of the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS). By utilizing custom code along with OpenCV libraries, tool and peg positions can be accurately tracked without ...