ABSTRACT: Two new voxel phantoms, ICRP Adult Female (AF) and ICRP Adult Male (AM), have been compared with BOMAB (BOttle Mannikin ABsorber) phantoms and other voxel phantoms of similar size (NORMAN and VIP-Man) using Monte Carlo simulations to assess their counting efficiencies in a whole body counter. The results show ...

Purpose: To ensure high quality ultrasound diagnostics, proper functioning of the devices used is a necessary prerequisite. Ultrasound transducers have proven to be the most failure-prone part of the signal chain. Their technical monitoring is possible in principle with the help of tissue phantoms. The background of the present study ...

In this work, the suitability and performance of a mouse-size MOSFET (Mousefet) phantom is investigated for routine quality assurance (QA) of the small animal radiation research platform (SARRP). This Mousefet phantom is a simple construction consisting of five micro-MOSFETS custom integrated in a quincunx pattern within a tissue-equivalent phantom, allowing ...

Purpose: Phantoms are a vital step for the preliminary validation of new image-guided procedures. In this paper, the authors present a deformable prostate phantom for use with multimodal imaging (end-fire or side-fire ultrasound, CT and MRI) and more specifically for transperineal or transrectal needle-insertion procedures. It is made of soft ...

ABSTRACT: Currently, two classes of computational phantoms have been developed for dosimetry calculation: (1) stylized (or mathematical) and (2) voxel (or tomographic) phantoms describing human anatomy through mathematical surface equations and 3D voxel matrices, respectively. Mathematical surface equations in stylized phantoms are flexible, but the resulting anatomy is not as ...

Shoulder arthroplasty is technically demanding and relies heavily on precise surgical technique and preoperative planning. Proper glenoid component sizing plays a crucial role for successful shoulder arthroplasty. In this study, we measured the glenoid size together with penetration depth using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT). From January 2010 to January 2011, ...

Purpose: Irregular breathing causes motion blurring artifacts in 4D PET images. Audiovisual (AV) biofeedback has been demonstrated to improve breathing regularity. To investigate the hypothesis that, compared with free breathing, motion blurring artifacts are reduced with AV biofeedback, the authors performed the first experimental phantom-based quantification of the impact of ...

The Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE) has been administered to orthopedic residents to assess knowledge and measure teaching quality. We performed a detailed analysis of the shoulder and elbow (S&E) section of the OITE relating to question content, recommended American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons references, and resident performance. S&E questions from ...

Fluoroscopic imaging, using single plane or dual plane images, has grown in popularity to measure dynamic in vivo human shoulder joint kinematics. However, no study has quantified the difference in spatial positional accuracy between single and dual plane image-model registration applied to the shoulder joint. In this paper, an automatic ...

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging provides access to fiber pathways and structural integrity in fibrous tissues such as white matter in the brain. In order to enable better access to the sensitivity of the diffusion indices to the underlying microstructure, it is important to develop artificial model systems that exhibit a ...

Objectives: We have designed a phantom to evaluate acquisition and reconstruction parameters using contrast transfer function (CTF). The goal of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the phantom for contrast resolution. Methods: The phantom consisted of spaced (0-14 mm, 1 mm intervals) pairs of cubic containers (5 mm ...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a phantom-based experimental calibration method to minimize the reconstruction artifacts for the geometric misalignments of the digital tomosynthesis prototype. Methods: A calibration phantom with ten fiducial markers was designed. Using this calibration phantom, the projection matrices of an experimental digital tomosynthesis ...

We aimed to optimize internal margin (IM) determination for respiratory-gated radiotherapy using end-expiratory phase assessments using a motion phantom. Four-dimensional computed tomography (4D CT) data were acquired using a GE LightSpeed RT CT scanner, a respiratory-gating system, and a motion phantom designed to move sinusoidally. To analyze the accuracy of ...

In order to obtain an image of scattered X-ray in the diagnosis domain, we have newly developed a pin-hole camera. Because of the necessity of the X-ray shielding, the pin-hole part has a depth corresponding to that of the shielded material. As a result, efficiencies of obliquely incident X-rays are ...

A robot-assisted bimanual shoulder flexion rehabilitation system with surface electromyography (sEMG) for hemiplegic patients after stroke is presented as a preliminary study before clinical test. The assistive system driven by combination of bimanual mirror imaging motion and sEMG in order to induce continuous voluntary stimulation to muscle and nerve of ...

The lateral chest radiograph is a valuable source of information that has become increasingly undervalued in the era of chest computed tomography. Optimal use of the lateral radiograph requires systematic analysis. First is an overview, followed by analysis of the airway and major hilar structures. Next is attention to the ...

ARTICLE TITLE AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION: Diagnostic accuracy of panoramic radiography in determining relationship between inferior alveolar nerve and mandibular third molar. Atieh MA. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010;68:74-82. REVIEWER: Ann Wenzel, DDS, PhD, Dr Odont. PURPOSE/QUESTION: Are 3 commonly accepted radiographic signs in panoramic images indicative of a close relationship ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between the basic imaging properties of two digital radiographic X-ray systems with a direct conversion flat-panel detector and their image qualities, which were evaluated by the observer in hard copy and soft copy studies. The subjective image quality was evaluated ...

A joint project between the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) and the Institute of Radiation Physics was initiated to characterise the PSI whole body counter in detail through measurements and Monte Carlo simulation. Accurate knowledge of the detector geometry is essential for reliable simulations of human body phantoms filled with known ...

To compare the use of film-based periapical radiographs and digital panoramic images displayed on monitor and glossy paper in the assessment of the periapical status of the teeth. A total of 86 subjects were examined. All participants underwent a full-mouth radiographic survey (14 periapical radiographs) and a digital panoramic radiography. ...

Recent advances in technology and the use of image archiving and communication systems (PACS) has led some institutions to abandon conventional plain film radiography and rely solely on digital computed radiography. The level of accuracy of digital radiography in measuring distances for orthopaedic applications is unclear. Is it possible to ...

The decrease in the cost of high end computing and the availability of high quality X-ray sources in the laboratory environment has led to an increased use of three-dimensional (3D) X-ray micro computed tomography (μCT). In the medical community, the primary concern for CT is calibrating for X-ray absorption and ...

D`Addazio PSS, Campos CN, Özcan M, Teixeira HGC, Passoni RM, Carvalho ACP. A comparative study between cone-beam computed tomography and periapical radiographs in the diagnosis of simulated endodontic complications. International Endodontic Journal 44, 218-224, 2011. ABSTRACT: Aim  To compare cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) with periapical radiography for the identification of simulated ...

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate patient preferences, understanding, and satisfaction regarding visual review of radiographic images during counseling. Patients and Methods: 101 urologic patients who presented for counseling where images impacted decision making were randomized into group A, shown their images, and group B, shown a diagram. Both completed a satisfaction ...

The validity of any measurement obtained through a cephalogram largely depends on the reproducibility of the cephalometric landmarks. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of a programme of professional calibration (PPC) on the variability of landmark identification comparing conventional radiographs and cone beam CT (CBCT)-synthesized cephalograms. ...

Concurrent validity between postural indices obtained from digital photographs (two-dimensional [2D]), surface topography imaging (three-dimensional [3D]), and radiographs. To assess the validity of a quantitative clinical postural assessment tool of the trunk based on photographs (2D) as compared to a surface topography system (3D) as well as indices calculated from ...

To determine the number of participants required in controlled clinical trials investigating the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip as evaluated by the joint space width (JSW) on radiographs and to evaluate the reproducibility of the JSW measurement methods. Anteroposterior radiographs of hip were taken from 13 healthy volunteers ...

Many radiographic techniques have been described for measuring patellar height. They can be divided into two groups: those that relate the position of the patella to the femur (direct) and those that relate it to the tibia (indirect). This article looks at the methods that have been described, the logic ...

Tuberculosis (TB) is a deadly infectious disease and the presence of cavities in the upper lung zones is a strong indicator that the disease has developed into a highly infectious state. Currently, the detection of TB cavities is mainly conducted by clinicians observing chest radiographs. Diagnoses performed by radiologists are ...

We report a case of isolated periostitis associated with Takayasu arteritis in a 10-year-old boy presenting with calf pain. Radiographs revealed a localized, thick periosteal reaction with irregular margin in the proximal left fibula. MRI revealed irregular thickening with enhancement of the periosteum in the proximal fibula and heterogeneous enhancement ...

Digital dental radiographic imaging is considered to be as diagnostically accurate as conventional film-based radiography. In addition, many digital radiographic systems offer various image enhancements that may aid in image interpretation. However, neither type of radiographic imaging technique perfectly correlates radiographic diagnoses with clinical findings. Moreover, visual digital enhancements may ...

Reliability comparison of 2 radiographic axis systems by inter- and intraobserver variability. To determine whether the central hip vertical axis (CHVA) provides a more reliable reference axis for the evaluation of scoliosis. Current practices in the evaluation of the scoliotic spine use the central sacral vertical line (CSVL), a true ...

Multiple fatality incidents frequently have a significant forensic dental identification component. The use of radiographs, that provide objective evidence of the dentition prior to and after death is a vital part of the reconciliation procedure. Although these events share some common elements, every multiple fatality incident response has its own ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to introduce a novel alignment criterion, focus mutual information (FMI), for the superimposition of lateral cephalometric radiographs and three dimensional (3D) cone beam computed images as well as the assessment of the alignment characteristics of the new method and comparison of the novel methodology with the ...

Supernumerary teeth are generally asymptomatic and may not become visible radiographically until a patient's normal teeth have erupted. Moreover, diagnosing, treating, and following up supernumerary teeth appropriately with radiographic images is important. In this case report, we present radiographic images, including three-dimensional computerized tomography films, of a 13-year-old patient with ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the detectability of simulated pulmonary nodules with different X-ray attenuation by flat-panel detector (FPD) chest radiography using a dual-exposure dual-energy subtraction (DES) technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a FPD radiography system, we obtained 108 sets of chest radiographs of a chest ...

The high transparency of dental enamel in the near-IR (NIR) light at 1,310-nm can be exploited for imaging dental caries without the use of ionizing radiation (X-rays). We present the results of the first in vivo imaging study in which NIR images were acquired of approximal contact surfaces. NIR imaging ...

This study demonstrates the feasibility of creating bone lengths and stature databases of significant size for modern living human populations from digital radiographic archives and medical records. Tibia and fibula lengths were taken from digital radiographic images of 250 women. The images, drawn from the University of California, Los Angeles ...

This paper reports findings from Nationwide Evaluation of X-ray Trends surveys conducted in 2001, 2002, and 2003 of clinical facilities that perform routine radiographic examinations of the adult chest, abdomen, lumbosacral spine, and upper gastrointestinal fluoroscopic examinations. Randomly identified clinical facilities were surveyed in approximately 40 participating states. For the ...

Simulating X-ray images has been of great interest in recent years as it makes possible an analysis of how X-ray images are affected owing to relevant operating parameters. In this paper, a procedure for simulating computed radiographic images using the Monte Carlo code MCNPX is proposed. The sensitivity curve of ...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of common external image processing to compensate for differences in appearance between digital X-ray images from different vendors. Twenty posteroanterior chest radiographs were collected from each of three different modalities from different vendors (GE, Siemens and Canon) with vendor-specific ...

The detection of double edges in X-ray images of lumbar vertebrae is of prime importance in the assessment of vertebral injury or collapse that may be caused by osteoporosis and other spine pathology. In addition, if the above double-edge detection process is conducted within an automatic framework, it would not ...

A general held position among radiological personnel prior to digitalisation was that the problem of image rejects/retakes should more or less vanish. However, rejects/retakes still impose several challenges within radiographic imaging; they occupy unnecessary resources, expose patients to unnecessary ionizing radiation and may also indicate suboptimal quality management. The latter ...

The programmable CSF shunt valve has become an important tool in hydrocephalus treatment, particularly in the NPH population and in pediatric patients with complex hydrocephalus. The purpose of this study is to provide a single reference for the identification of programmable shunt valves and the interpretation of programmable shunt valve ...

Spinal deformities are diagnosed using posteroanterior (PA) radiographs. Automatic detection of the spine on conventional radiographs would be of interest to quantify curve severity, would help reduce observer variability and would allow large-scale retrospective studies on radiographic databases. The goal of this paper is to present a new method for ...

OBJECTIVES: This in vitro study assessed the visualization quality of the periodontal ligament space in cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) compared with intraoral radiographs (CR). STUDY DESIGN: A phantom mimicking variable periodontal ligament spaces (0-0.42 mm) was radiographed using CBCT and CR. Fifteen datasets of each modality were randomly mixed and ...

To compare the intra- and interobserver variability occurring when observers with differing experience levels measure tibial plateau angles (TPAs) with a novel digital radiographic projection program (tibial plateau leveling osteotomy [TPLO] planning program), the Kodak Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS), and standard sized printed films (SF). Cross-sectional study. Dogs ...

BACKGROUND: An acromiohumeral interval narrower than 6 mm has been considered pathologic and strongly indicative for rotator cuff tears by numerous authors. This prospective study assessed interobserver and intraobserver variability in the radiographic measurement of the acromiohumeral interval. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five board-certified orthopedic surgeons independently reviewed 58 blinded, standardized ...

The image quality obtained by a radiographic equipment is very useful to characterize the physical properties of the image radiographic chain, in a quality control of the radiographic equipment. In the radiographic technique it is necessary that the evaluation of the image can guarantee the constancy of its quality to ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine whether a high-resolution digital radiography system that was originally developed for mammography could be used for general radiographic purposes by means of a phantom test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This system includes an X-ray tube with a smaller focal point than is ...