OBJECTIVE: Perioperative infection of an aortic graft is one of the most devastating complications of vascular surgery, with a mortality rate of 10% to 30%. The rate of amputation of the lower limbs is generally >25%, depending on the graft material, the location of the graft and infection, and the ...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of children whose fractures were manipulated with nitrous oxide with those fractures manipulated under a general anesthetic. DESIGN: We undertook a retrospective analysis of all children who presented to the emergency department with an angulated or displaced nonphyseal forearm ...

ABSTRACT: The aim of this letter is to facilitate the standardisation of Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) codesets used to code injuries in trauma registries. We have compiled a definitive list of the changes which have been implemented between the AIS 2005 and Update 2008 versions. While the AIS 2008 codeset ...

We investigated the effect of local low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on polyethylene debris induced periprosthetic osteolysis. The periprosthetic osteolysis model was made by injecting endotoxin-free pure polyethylene particles into the distal part of the femur canal and inserting a stainless steel plug into this femur. The effects of polyethylene and ...

Repair of large bone defects resulting from trauma, tumors and osteitis is a current challenge of surgeons. Adipose derived adult stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent cells that are able to differentiate into osteoblasts in the presence of certain factors. In this study, the role of greater omentum as a scaffold ...

This chapter describes the calvarial injection method, whereby the effect of a substance on bone is tested by subcutaneous injection over the calvarium of a mouse. This assay allows testing of the effect of substances on both bone resorption and bone formation in a relatively simple in vivo model. The ...

Awareness of the need for prevention of glucocorticoid-induced fractures is growing, but glucocorticoid administration is often overlooked as the most common cause of nontraumatic osteonecrosis. Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis develops in 9-40% of patients receiving long-term therapy although it may also occur with short-term exposure to high doses, after intra-articular injection, and ...

Although iliac crest autologous bone graft (ICAG) remains the gold standard for treatment of bone defects, delayed- and non-unions, and arthrodeses, several alternative strategies have been attempted, including the use of mesenchymal stem cells. Whether cells from the osteoblast lineage demonstrate systemic recruitment to an acute bone defect or fracture, ...

BACKGROUND: Extensive alveolar bone resorption in the maxilla limits the possibility of successful placement and osseointegration of endosseous implants for future prosthetic rehabilitation. Autogenous bone from the iliac crest may be used as lateral onlays in the atrophic maxilla, both as block and particulate bone. To our knowledge, there is ...

To determine if exogenously injected bone marrow derived platelet-rich plasma (PRP) plus bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 could accelerate the healing of bone-tendon junction injuries and increase the junction holding strength during the early regeneration period. A direct injury model of the bone-tendon junction was made using an Achilles tendon-calcaneus bone ...

We investigated bone repair in sensory-denervated rats, compared with controls, to elucidate the involvement of sensory neurons. Nine-week-old male Wistar rats received subcutaneous injections of capsaicin to denervate sensory neurons. Rats treated with the same amount of vehicle served as controls. A standardized bone defect was created on the parietal ...

OBJECTIVE: Romberg disease is an uncommon condition manifested by progressive hemifacial atrophy of the skin, soft tissue, and bone. Facial asymmetry with soft tissue deficiency in Romberg disease causes a significant disability affecting the social life and can bring about many psychological problems. METHODS: The aim of surgical treatment is ...

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty is an effective, minimally invasive procedure that is used to relieve pain and stabilize spine fractures caused by severe osteoporosis or osteolysis due to tumor metastasis. However, there remains a risk of bone cement leakage during and after kyphoplasty, especially in cases with severe vertebral wall ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone formation rate and osseointegration of Bio-Oss(®) blocks combined with rhBMP-2 and rhVEGF in bony defects and after vertical augmentation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bio-Oss(®) blocks plus rhBMP-2 (BMP), Bio-Oss(®) blocks plus rhVEGF (VEGF), or Bio-Oss(®) blocks plus rhBMP-2 and rhVEGF ...

The aim of this study was the evaluation of (68) Ga-DOTA-E-[c(RGDfK)](2) as a novel PET tracer to image αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins. For this purpose, DOTA-E-[c(RGDfK)](2) was labeled with (68) Ga, which was obtained from a (68) Ge/(68) Ga generator, purified by solid-phase extraction and the radiochemical purity analyzed by ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of sodium hyaluronate-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (HA-CMC), an anti-adhesive material for spinal surgery, on bone fusion by applying it to rat spinal models after lumbar posterolateral fusion. Lumbar posterolateral fusion was performed at L4-5 using bone graft substitutes in 30 rats. ...

To investigate the effect of treatment of osteoporotic proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients with a proximal humeral internal locking system (PHILOS) and minimally invasive injectable graft (MIIG). Patients who conformed to the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups: group A (21 cases) were treated with PHILOS alone ...

Enhancement of in vivo mobilization and homing of endogenous MSCs to an injury site is an innovative strategy for improvement of bone tissue engineering and repair. The present study was designed to determine if mobilization by AMD3100 and/or local homing by delivery of SDF-1 enhances rhBMP-2 induced ectopic bone formation ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Cyclosprin A (CsA) has been widely used clinically to treat the patients who have undergone organ transplantation or acquired autoimmune disease. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of three different doses of CsA (1.5, 7.5, 15 mg/kg body weight) on the skeletal biomechanical proprieties ...

ABSTRACT: Study Design. A retrospective review of clinical and radiologic parametersObjective. To assess for at least two years the radiologic and clinical outcomes of patients who underwent polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) vertebroplasty to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with avascular necrosis.Summary of Background Data. Recently, osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with avascular osteonecrosis ...

Study Design. This study was designed to determine whether Augment Bone Graft (Augment) and Augment Injectable Bone Graft (Augment Injectable), two combination devices comprised of human recombinant platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) and β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP)-containing matrices, promote bone bridging in an ovine model of lumbar spine fusion. Autologous bone graft ...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate dimensional changes in autologous (AT) and fresh-frozen allogeneic (AL) block bone grafts 6 months after alveolar ridge augmentation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-six partially or totally edentulous patients treated either with fresh-frozen AL bone or AT bone onlay block grafts prior to implant placement (13 patients in each group), ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of cement injection under vacuum aspiration (CIVAS) of cleft contents in percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with an intravertebral cleft. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From April 2008 to October 2010, vertebroplasty for single-level osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with clefts was performed in 34 patients ...

Objectives: To describe fluoroscopically assisted percutaneous placement of 2.4 mm cannulated screws for fixation of artificially induced sacroiliac luxations in cats, and to evaluate the success of this technique in restoration of normal pelvic anatomy. Methods: Fluoroscopically assisted closed reduction and percutaneous fixation of sacroiliac luxations using 2.4 mm cannulated ...

INTRODUCTION: Long-term success of osteointegrated dental implants requires sufficient volume of healthy bone at the recipient sites. However, this is frequently lacking as a result of trauma, tooth loss, or infection. Onlay autografting is amongst the most predictable techniques for craniofacial vertical bone augmentation, however, complications related to donor site ...

STUDY DESIGN:: Comparison of extravasations in fractured cadaver vertebrae augmented with commercial low-viscosity versus high-viscosity cements. OBJECTIVE:: Use of high-resolution, 3-dimensional (3D) imaging to test the hypothesis that high-viscosity cements can reduce the type and severity of extravasations after vertebral augmentation procedures. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA:: Cement extravasations are one ...

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a common genetic condition caused by mutations in the NF1 gene. Patients often suffer from tissue specific lesions associated with local double-inactivation of NF1. In this study, we generated a novel fracture model to investigate the mechanism underlying congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) associated with ...

This study compared the effect of systemic and local administration of alendronate on distraction osteogenesis in rabbit mandibles. Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were allocated to 3 groups: 10 rabbits for systemic alendronate; 9 for local alendronate; and 11 as controls. After a 5 day latency period, distraction was performed ...

An injectable and self-setting bone repair materials (nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen/calcium sulfate hemihydrate, nHAC/CSH) was developed in this study. The nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC) composite, which is the mineralized fibril by self-assembly of nano-hydrocyapatite and collagen, has the same features as natural bone in both main hierarchical microstructure and composition. It is a bioactive osteoconductor ...

BACKGROUND: Recently, the supraclavicular artery island flap has gained popularity as a regional flap for head and neck reconstruction. During clinical follow-up, some patients report referred sensation to the shoulder when there is contact with the flap skin island surface. The authors examine the anatomical origin/characteristics of the supraclavicular nerves ...

The objective of the present study was to enhance the regeneration ability of an injectable bone regeneration composite (IBRC) by the controlled release of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). The IBRC comprised nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC) particles in an alginate hydrogel carrier. First, bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein ...

Abstract The success of autogenous bone graft is related to the graft cells viability. In bone grafting procedures, harvested grafts are often maintained in extraoral media while the recipient site is prepared. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the effect of storage media over autogenous bone ...

Humeral shaft fracture intramedullary nailing is less invasive than plates and screws. Antegrade technique has postoperative shoulder pain, increased rehab time, and frequent reoperation for rod removal. Published retrograde technique is not collinear with the shaft, has insertion site fractures (5% to 15%), and radial nerve palsies (5%). Our retrograde ...

Lidocaine is used to reduce the undesirable effects of ischemia because of its anti-inflammatory effects. Herein we investigated the effects of lidocaine on secondary ischemia in a skin flap model. In this epigastric skin flap protocol in animals, we followed 2 hours of primary global ischemia with a reperfusion period ...

Sonication-induced silk hydrogels were previously prepared as an injectable bone replacement biomaterial, with a need to improve osteogenic features. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF(165)) and bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) are key regulators of angiogenesis and osteogenesis, respectively, during bone regeneration. Therefore, the present study aimed at evaluating in situ forming ...

Polymerization of high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) is a relatively new method for the production of high porosity scaffolds. The tunable architecture of these polyHIPE foams make them attractive candidates for tissue engineered bone grafts. Previously studied polyHIPE systems require either toxic diluents or high cure temperatures which prohibit their ...

Calcified tendinitis is characterized by calcification in the rotary cuff tendon of the shoulder. The rationale of therapeutic methods is mainly removal of the calcification. Osteoclasts are the principle cells capable of resorbing bone and calcified tissues. Therefore, we hypothesized local injection of cultured human osteoclasts or induction of osteoclasts ...

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to determine the specificity of (64)Cu-CB-TE2A-c(RGDyK) ((64)Cu-RGD) for osteoclast-related diseases, such as Paget's disease or rheumatoid arthritis. PROCEDURES: C57BL/6 mice were treated systemically with osteoprotegerin (OPG) for 15 days or RANKL for 11 days to suppress and stimulate osteoclastogenesis, respectively. The mice were then imaged ...

Injectable calcium sulfate is a clinically proven osteoconductive biomaterial, and it is an injectable, resorbable and semi-structural bone graft material. The purpose of this study was to validate the clinical outcomes of injectable calcium sulfate (ICS) grafts as compared with those of a demineralized bone matrix (DBM)-based graft for filling ...

AIM: The aim of this experimental study was to histomorphometrically evaluate the effects of vitamin C administration on bone formation in response to expansion of the rat inter-premaxillary suture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 50- to 60-day old Wistar male rats were divided into three groups of equal number. ...

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term stabilizing-healing effectiveness and influence on adjacent intact vertebral bodies of a new injectable partly resorbable calcium sulfate (60 wt.%)/hydroxyapatite (40 wt.%) bone substitute employed in vertebral augmentation of osteoporotic collapses. METHODS: From April 2009 to April 2011, 80 patients underwent vertebral ...

Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs), the most common fragility fractures, account for approximately 700,000 injuries per year. Since open surgery involves morbidity and implant failure in the osteoporotic patient population, new minimally invasive biological solution to vertebral bone repair is needed. Previously, we showed that adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) overexpressing a ...

More than a decade has passed since the first injectable bone substitutes were introduced for use in orthopaedic trauma, and over recent years the number of commercial products has increased dramatically. Despite the fact that these bone substitutes have been on the market for many years, knowledge amongst potential users ...

Background: Extensive atrophy of the alveolar process may require a bone-grafting procedure prior to implant treatment. Autogenous bone grafts from the iliac crest, used as onlay block and particulate bone, have been used together with sinus-lift procedure in order to rehabilitate patients with extremely resorbed maxillae. However, there are to ...

HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to accurately map the insertional footprint of the distal biceps tendon and to test our hypothesis that a superior anatomic repair can be achieved by a 2-incision technique when compared with a 1-incision technique. METHODS: We randomly assigned 20 cadaveric arms to 1 ...

During the last decade, the use of micro- and nanospheres as functional components for bone tissue regeneration has drawn increasing interest. Scaffolds comprising micro- and nanospheres display several advantages compared to traditional monolithic scaffolds that are related to i) an improved control over sustained delivery of therapeutic agents, signalling biomolecules ...

To evaluate the inflammatory response of rabbit bone after insertion of titanium screws under different torque values. Four holes were made in the back tibia of fifteen New Zealand male albino rabbits; three screws were placed in each animal and a control hole remained without a screw. The screws were ...

Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of osteogenically induced adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on vascular deprivation-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in rabbit model. Methods: Vascular deprivation-induced ONFH was established by intramuscular injection of methylpre- dnisolone, and vascular occlusion of the capital femoral epiphysis by electrocoagulation in adult New ...

PURPOSE:: The present study investigated osteointegration of autogenous bone (AB) from calvaria graft associated with osteoblastic cells (OC) in bone defects in rats subjected to daily administration of caffeine. MATERIALS AND METHODS:: Male rats received daily intraperitoneal injection of 1.5% caffeine (0.2 mL/100 g body weight) or saline solution for ...

The initial step in the analysis of contaminant transport in fractured rock requires the consideration of groundwater velocity. Practical methods for estimating the average linear groundwater velocity (v¯) in fractured rock require determination of hydraulic apertures which are commonly calculated by applying the cubic law using transmissivity (T) values and ...