This paper describes the morphology of cervical vertebrae in Nacholapithecus kerioi, a middle Miocene primate species excavated from Nachola, Kenya in 1999-2002. The cervical vertebrae in Nacholapithecus are larger than those of Papio cynocephalus. They are more robust relative to more caudal vertebral bones. Since Nacholapithecus had large forelimbs, it ...

The breakdown of nasal capsule cartilage precedes secondary pneumatic expansion of the paranasal sinuses. Recent work indicates the nasal capsule of monkeys undergoes different ontogenetic transformations regionally (i.e., ossification, persistence as cartilage, or resorption). This study assesses nasal capsule morphology at the perinatal age in a taxonomically broad sample of ...

We report two immuoreactive species of thrombospondin-2 (TSP2), sized approximately 200 and 125 kDa, in the long bones of growing, but not skeletally mature, mice. In vitro osteoblasts secrete a 200-kDa species into the culture medium as early as day 3, and it appears in the cell-matrix layer by day 7. ...

Increased marrow adiposity is often associated with bone loss. Little is known about the regulation of marrow adiposity in humans. Marrow adiposity is increased in several mouse models including type I (T1)-diabetic mice, which also display bone loss. However, the impact of metabolic disease on marrow adiposity in humans has ...

Porosity generally embrittles ceramics. In contrast to such expectations, this report demonstrates that an effective fracture strain of nanoporous silica aerogels increases with increasing porosity. At ultralow relative densities of <0.5%, nanoporous monoliths start exhibiting super-compressible deformation with effective fracture strains of >50%. This is attributed to consequences of an ...

Osteoporosis ("secondary" osteoporosis) and avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head are well-known adverse effects of corticosteroid therapy. Statins have been reputed to increase bone strength and bone density. In this study, we evaluated the effect of atorvastatin calcium on the flexural properties (3-point bending strength and modulus) of corticosteroid ...

The hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is involved in mineral homeostasis but may also have a role in vascular calcification and bone mineralization. In a cohort of 142 patients with CKD stages 2-5D, plasma FGF23 was independently associated with aortic calcification but not with pulse wave velocity or bone ...

Aims The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) regulates the mobilisation and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). We hypothesized that eNOS of the bone marrow affects cardiac remodelling during myocardial hypertrophy via the regulation of bone-marrow derived vascular progenitor cells.Methods & Results Ten-week-old male C57/Bl6 wildtype (WT) and eNOS mice ...

Differences in bone density before and after endodontic treatment were examined in teeth with periapical lesions in Hounsfield units (HUs) by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Sixteen patients requiring endodontic treatment for periapical lesions underwent CBCT scan before and after treatment. Their bone densities were calculated in HUs. The study ...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonists, such as pioglitazone, improve glycemia and lipid profile but are associated with bone loss and fracture risk. Data regarding bone effects of PPAR-α agonists (including fenofibrate) are limited, although animal studies suggest fenofibrate may increase bone mass. This study investigated effects of a 13-week oral ...

Hyperlipidemia increases the risk for generation of lipid oxidation products, which accumulate in the subendothelial spaces of vasculature and bone. Atherogenic high-fat diets increase serum levels of oxidized lipids, which are known to attenuate osteogenesis in culture and to promote bone loss in mice. In this study, we investigated whether ...

BACKGROUND: The biological rationale for this study came from the observation that bisphosphonates and statins affect bone metastasis in different ways and thus combination therapy may provide synergistic benefit. This pilot trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of combining a bisphosphonate and a statin in patients with RCC metastatic to ...

Osteoporosis and age-related bone loss are important public health concerns. Therefore, there is a high level of interest in the development of medical interventions and lifestyle changes that reduce the incidence of osteoporosis and age-related bone loss. Decreased bone mineral density is associated with high cholesterol, and patients on statins ...

Habitual dislocation of patella is a rare disorder. Sometimes it is associated with angular deformity such as genu valgum. We experienced habitual patella dislocation associated with genu valgum that was treated with corrective osteotomy of distal femur and soft tissue realignment procedure including lateral release and medial reefing.

Circulating soluble fatty acid synthase (FASN, a key enzyme in de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids, expressed in both adipocytes and osteoblasts) is clinically related to a less favorable bone profile in healthy prepubertal children. Soluble FASN may participate in the reciprocal regulation between fat and bone metabolism. INTRODUCTION: Fatty ...

Long-term treatment with the insulin-sensitizer rosiglitazone reduces bone mass and increases fracture risk. We have recently shown that orally administered metformin stimulates bone reossification and increases the osteogenic potential of bone marrow progenitor cells (BMPC). In the present study we investigated the effect of a 2-week metformin and/or rosiglitazone treatment ...

A 75-year-old man with prostate cancer was referred for metastatic workup. A Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scan was performed which revealed diffusely increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in the muscles of the arms and thighs. The patient was taking simvastatin 80 mg per day and gemfibrozil 600 mg twice a day for ...

Statins have been widely used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, and recent studies have shown that these drugs also affect bone metabolism. The aim of this experiment was to follow the effect of atorvastatin on bone metabolism in male albino Wistar rats. Our study was carried out on 16 rats ...

The effect of hesperidin (Hp) and naringin (Nar), two major citrus flavanones, on the regulation of bone metabolism was examined in male senescent rats. Twenty month old gonad-intact male Wistar rats received a casein-based diet supplemented with or without either 0.5% hesperidin (Hp), 0.5% naringin (Nar) or a mix of ...

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a major structural apolipoprotein of several lipoprotein classes. Over the last 13years, numerous studies have focused on the question whether human apoE affects bone phenotypes and, more recently, whether apoE regulates bone metabolism in mice. Here, we first provide a brief background introduction into the structure, ...

To investigate the effects of atorvastatin on bone formation, bone resorption and bone mineral density in Wistar rats. Sixty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into one control group treated with vehicle alone and three drug treatment groups, which were treated with atorvastatin at 5 mg/kg x d, 25 ...

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the osteoconductivity of three different bone substitute materials: α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP), (β-TCP), and hydroxyapatite (HA), combined with or without simvastatin, which is a cholesterol synthesis inhibitor stimulating BMP-2 expression in osteoblasts. We used 72 Wistar rats and prepared two calvarial bone defects ...

Long-term effects of abacavir (ABC)-lamivudine (3TC), compared with tenofovir (TDF)-emtricitabine (FTC) with efavirenz (EFV) or atazanavir plus ritonavir (ATV/r), on bone mineral density (BMD) have not been analyzed. A5224s was a substudy of A5202, in which HIV-infected treatment-naive participants were randomized and blinded to receive ABC-3TC or TDF-FTC with open-label ...

In hyperlipidemia, oxidized lipids accumulate in vascular tissues and trigger atherosclerosis. Such lipids also deposit in bone tissues, where they may promote osteoporosis. We found previously that oxidized lipids attenuate osteogenesis and that parathyroid hormone (PTH) bone anabolism is blunted in hyperlipidemic mice, suggesting that osteoporotic patients with hyperlipidemia may ...

Tissue engineering is an effective approach for the treatment of bone defects. Statins have been demonstrated to promote osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs). Electrospun biodegradable fibers have also shown applicability to drug delivery in the form of bone tissue engineered scaffolds with nano- to microscale topography and ...

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the relationship between circulating soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) and parameters of bone health in patients with Charcot neuroarthropathy (CNA). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eighty men (aged 55.3 ± 9.0 years), including 30 healthy control subjects, 30 type 2 diabetic patients without Charcot, ...

The human medial cuneiform is incompletely characterized with regard to anatomical morphology, including mineral density and bone quality. Clinically, we have observed failures of fixation by pull-through of devices through relatively soft medial bone. Defining patterns of relative density may provide valuable information regarding implant placement as higher cortical density ...

To review the use of free autogenous tarsoconjunctival (TC) grafts and Hughes TC flaps in the practice of one of the authors (MJH) and compare complications and outcomes and develop a rationale for the selection of surgical technique. Retrospective comparative case series of 70 patients who underwent reconstructive surgery for ...

The purpose of this paper is to report the cases of 7 subjects who lacked full range of motion (ROM) in the elbow, and my treatment regimen of PSWD and joint mobilizations. 7 subjects presented with decreased elbow (ROM) due to extensive fractures and or dislocations from traumatic injuries. All ...

Triple arthrodesis and combined talonavicular/subtalar arthrodesis are procedures for hindfoot disorders. Achieving talonavicular joint fusion can be problematic. We hypothesized that talonavicular joint fixation bending stiffness could be increased by adding a fully-threaded screw inserted through the lateral navicular into the calcaneus. We used ten fresh-frozen cadaver hindfeet. The calcaneus ...

To compare the biomechanical characteristics of screw versus plate versus both screw and plate fixation for large, type 3 O'Driscoll coronoid fractures. Synthetic ulnas had 70% of their coronoids cut. Fixation was performed with either a cannulated screw, a plate, or both a screw and a plate. Energy to failure, ...

The belief that obesity is protective against osteoporosis has recently come into question. The latest epidemiologic and clinical studies have shown that a high level of fat mass might be a risk factor for osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Further, increasing evidence seems to indicate that different components of the metabolic ...

Bone mineral density decreases with antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, although the pathogenesis, including the role of tenofovir (TDF), is unclear. This study assessed changes in bone-turnover markers, osteoprotegerin (OPG), soluble receptor activator for nuclear factor-κβ ligand (sRANKL), and inflammation in subjects initiating TDF- versus non-TDF-containing regimens, and determined the relationship ...

The physical growth patterns of crested langurs and vervet monkeys are investigated for several unilinear dimensions. Long bone lengths, trunk height, foot length, epiphyseal fusion of the long bones and the pelvis, and cranial capacity are compared through six dental growth stages in male Trachypithecus cristatus (crested langurs) and Cercopithecus ...

We quantified and differentiated reticulin and collagen content in bone marrow specimens from chronic immune thrombocytopenic (ITP) patients and examined the correlation between some clinical characteristics and the fibrosis grading. Through the Danish National Patient Registry, we identified 378 patients with chronic ITP from 1997 until 2007. Of these, 253 ...

The frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes (MN-RETs) in the bone marrow or peripheral blood is a sensitive indicator of cytogenetic damage. While the kinetics of MN-RET induction in rodent models following irradiation has been investigated and reported, information about MN-RET induction of human bone marrow after radiation exposure is sparse. In ...

Stroke induces a systemic response that involves rapid activation of inflammatory cascades, followed later by immunodepression. Experimental stroke-induced responses in the bone marrow, which is the primary source of circulating monocytes and granulocytes, have not been investigated previously. We show that cerebral ischaemia induced early (4  hours) release of CXCR2-positive ...

Current strategies to repair fractures rely on orthopaedic surgeons harvesting bone from one area of the body, typically pelvis and transferring it to the fracture site. The amount of tissue available is therefore limited, requiring a second surgical procedure and often causing the patient long term pain. An alternative approach ...

Disseminated cancer cells may initially require local nutrients and growth factors to thrive and survive in bone marrow. However, data on the influence of bone marrow derived cells (BMDC, also called bone stromal cells in some publications) on lung cancer cells is largely unexplored. This study explored the mechanism of ...

Vitamin A (retinol) is the only molecule known to induce spontaneous fractures in laboratory animals and we have identified retinol as a risk factor for fracture in humans. Since subsequent observational studies in humans and old animal data both show that high retinol intake appears to only have small effects ...

Patients suffering from sustained acute or chronic illness often have decreased white blood cell and platelet counts as well as anemia, and bone marrow studies routinely show only decreased numbers of blood precursor cells. While much has been recently learned about the cause of isolated anemia, the pathogenesis of true ...

The effects of annealing on the mechanical properties of polymer blends of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) were investigated. The bending strength and modulus of PLA/PCL tend to increase due to crystallization of the PLA phase by annealing. The mode I fracture energy, J(in), of PLA/PCL decreases dramatically due ...

Cartilage repair is still an unsolved problem. In the last years many cell-based treatments have been proposed, in order to obtain good regeneration of cartilage defects. The Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis technique (AMIC(®)) combines the micro-fracture procedure with the use of a specific biological membrane. The phenotypic feature of bone marrow ...

Bone marrow metastasis is an important presentation of solid tumors affecting their prognosis and management. The present study was conducted to analyze the hematological indicators which can predict the marrow metastasis along with the comparison of bone marrow aspirate, touch imprint and trephine biopsy, to define an effective method for ...

A novel human leukocyte antigen-B allele named B*18:35 was identified in a Brazilian volunteer bone marrow donor.

Background:  The current options for plate-screw combinations in volar locking distal radius plates used for the treatment of distal radius fractures are either plates with a single distal screw row or plates with multiple distal screw rows. Additionally, the screws themselves may have either fixed angle locking or polyaxial locking ...

Due to availability of bone marrow core biopsies (CB) in many pathology laboratories, we evaluated the quality and the biological information of the miRNA profiling using 9 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 9 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) matched CB and bone marrow aspirates (BA). Technical replicates showed reproducible results across ...

Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy has been widely used in clinical practice for bone fracture healing. However, the mechanism of its action remains to be elucidated. Our object was to investigate the mechanism by which PEMF accelerates bone fracture healing. We used 20 mice in this study. Ten mice received ...

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play important roles in the stimulation of osteogenesis and osteoinduction during bone fracture healing and their expression levels may be important for bone graft efficacy. The objective of this study was to determine if there are variations in the expression of BMPs and their receptors in ...

The repair of large nonunions in long bones remains a significant clinical problem due to high failure rates and limited tissue availability for auto- and allografts. Many cell-based strategies for healing bone defects deliver bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) to the defect site to take advantage of the inherent osteogenic ...