The aim of our study was to emphasize the importance of accurate and standardized techniques for detailed monitoring of the microenvironment in multiple myeloma (MM). Bone marrow fibrosis, angiogenesis, and plasma cell infiltrates in bone marrow biopsy (BMB) samples at the time of diagnosis and on completion of therapy were ...

Adiaspiromycosis is primarily a necrotizing granulomatous pneumonia caused by a dimorphic fungus of the genus Emmonsia. A young crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata) found dead showed multiple fractures, chronic pleuritis, and granulomatous pneumonia. Microscopically, cystic structures were consistent with adiaspiromycosis by Emmonsia crescens. The diagnosis was confirmed using molecular methods.

The F508del mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene is believed to be an independent risk factor for cystic fibrosis-related bone disease. In this study, we evaluated the bone mineral density as well as the histomorphometric parameters of bone formation and bone mass in both F508del-Cftr homozygous ...

Cystic bony defects of the humeral head greater tuberosity are often encountered during rotator cuff repair. These defects may be idiopathic, related to a patient's rotator cuff disease, or secondary to suture anchor placement from previous repairs. Some cysts are visible on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, but most are discovered ...

It is uncommon for femoral neck fractures to occur after proximal femoral hardware removal because age, osteoporosis, and technical error are often noted as the causes for this type of fracture. However, excessive alcohol consumption and failure to comply with protected weight bearing for 6 weeks increases the risk of ...

Excessive alcohol consumption increases the likelihood of accidental injury. This pilot study reports on the prevalence of hazardous drinkers presenting to a minor injuries unit. The proportion of hazardous drinkers is broadly similar to that found in emergency departments, suggesting that such units could also host alcohol intervention and brief ...

OBJECTIVE: While chronic alcohol consumption is known to decrease bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and negatively modify trabecular bone microarchitecture, the impact of alcohol on cortical microarchitecture is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various doses of alcohol on bone ...

It is well recognized by orthopedic surgeons that fractures of alcoholics are more difficult to heal successfully and have a higher incidence of non-union, but the mechanism of alcohol's effect on fracture healing is unknown. In order to give direction for the study of the effects of alcohol on fracture ...

Alcohol is widely consumed across the world. It is consumed in both social and cultural settings. Until recently, two types of alcohol consumption were recognized: heavy chronic alcohol consumption or light consumption. Today, there is a new pattern of consumption among teenagers and young adults namely: binge drinking. Heavy alcohol ...

Abstract Formalin has long been the standard fixative for clinical routines worldwide. After the Formaldehyde Standard became law in the US in 1987, as a result of increasing concerns about the potential carcinogenicity of formaldehyde, attempts have been made to find safer alternatives. Alcoholic formalin is a useful fixative, because ...

OBJECTIVES:: Alcohol consumption is a known risk factor for traumatic injuries of all types and has been shown to produce detrimental effects on bone metabolism. Although the mechanisms responsible for these detrimental effects are not well characterized, oxidative stress from alcohol exposure appears to play a central role. This study ...

INTRODUCTION: Alcohol is known to decrease bone mineral density (BMD) and to induce trabecular microarchitecture deterioration. However, little is known about the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on osteocytes in situ. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a high alcohol dose on osteocytes in an ...

A 21-year-old man presented with a pathologic fracture through the posterior aspect of the calcaneus into an aneurysmal bone cyst. The patient was treated using curettage, phenol, alcohol, and burr with open reduction and internal fixation. This is the first reported case of a pathologic fracture of an aneurysmal bone ...

Background:  Alcohol as a cofactor in interpersonal violence (IPV) has been established by studies from a number of countries. This study aimed to determine if alcohol was a cofactor in the incidence or severity of mandible fracture. Methods:  A prospective study of mandible fracture patients presenting for oral maxillofacial review ...

Blunt carotid injury associated with cervical spine fractures is a rare entity but potentially lethal. An initial, clinically silent period can be misleading. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are mandatory to avoid neurological damages and death. We present the case of a 36-year-old man diagnosed with an isolated cervical spine fracture, ...

Although nail-gun injuries are a common form of penetrating low-velocity injury, impalement with barbed nails has been underreported to date. Barbed nails are designed to resist dislodgment once embedded, and any attempt at removal may splay open the barbs along the path of entry, with the potential for significant soft-tissue ...

STUDY DESIGN: Case report including technical note. OBJECTIVE: We describe 2 cases of intraoperative cervical plate screw loosening treated by modified screw augmentation using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), which used the anchoring effect of hardened PMMA. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Intraoperative screw loosening during cervical plating is not rare. PMMA augmentation for ...

Object Extension teardrop fracture of the axis is an extremely rare cervical spinal injury. The classic clinical features, which have mainly been described by radiologists rather than spine surgeons, include its occurrence in elderly patients with osteoporosis, an association with minimal or no prevertebral soft-tissue swelling, and an absence of ...

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The epidemiology of cervical spine fractures and associated spinal cord injury (SCI) has not previously been estimated within the American population. PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of cervical spine fractures and associated SCI and identify potential risk factors for these injuries in a large multicultural military population. STUDY ...

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:: Injuries in professional football players are common due to the nature of the collisions, and the frequency of axial loading to the cervical spine. These injuries should be thoroughly evaluated, as they can put the player at risk for future injury and even paralysis. The focus of ...

This is the first report of using the superior lateral mass as an alternative starting point for C1 posterior screw placement, demonstrating the importance of recognizing vertebral artery (VA) anomaly in deciding the surgical strategy for C1 screw placement. A 56-year-old man presented with severe neck pain after a fall. ...

Most one-level anterior cervical plates use two screws per vertebra (four screws in total). No study has addressed whether a simplified plate using one screw per vertebra is adequate for one-level fixation. To compare stability achieved by four-screw and two-screw plates after discectomy and placement of interbody spacer. Nondestructive multidirectional ...

Due to the unique demands of each position on the Rugby Union field, the likelihood of an athlete sustaining a dislocation of their shoulder joint that requires surgical reconstruction may be affected by their position on the field. 166 patients with 184 involved shoulders requiring anterior reconstruction following an on-field ...

Background All trauma patients with a cervical spinal column injury or with a mechanism of injury with the potential to cause cervical spinal injury should be immobilised until a spinal injury is excluded. Immobilisation of the entire patient with a rigid cervical collar, backboard, head blocks with tape or straps ...

BACKGROUND:: The aim of this study was to characterize cervical cord, root, and bony spine claims in the American Society of Anesthesiologists Closed Claims database to formulate hypotheses regarding mechanisms of injury. METHODS:: All general anesthesia claims (1970-2007) in the Closed Claims database were searched to identify cervical injuries. Three ...

The aim of this study was to compare the following three main fixation techniques: pedicle screw (PS) technique, lateral mass screw (LS) technique, and transarticular screw (TS) technique. A detailed, geometrically accurate, nonlinear C3-C7 FE model had been successfully developed and validated. Then three finite element (FE) models were reconstructed ...

ABSTRACT: Study Design: Human Cadaveric Experimental StudyObjective: To determine the validity of surgeon perception of pedicle screw position inserted using intraoperative three-dimensional (O-arm) image guided screw insertion.Summary of Background Data: A surgeon's ability to detect pedicle wall violations intra-operatively is crucial for optimal pedicle screw placement. Accuracy of use of ...

Instrumentation in the upper cervical spine has changed considerably in the past two decades. Previous stand-alone wiring techniques have been made largely obsolete with the development of occipital segmental plating, transarticular screws, and C1 lateral mass screws, as well as a myriad of C2 fixation options, including pedicle, pars, and ...

Study Design. Technical case report.Objective. To investigate a new concept and surgical technique in the treatment of unstable Jefferson fractures, which preserves the motion of upper cervical spine, avoiding fusion.Summary of Background Data. The management of unstable Jefferson fractures remains controverial. Conservative treatment usually involves a long time of immobilization ...

Study Design: Retrospective medical record reviewObjective: The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence of other injuries that commonly occur in conjunction with cervical spine fractures and dislocations.Summary of Background Data: Cervical spine fractures are often associated with other significant traumatic conditions which may also require prompt diagnosis ...

In anterior fusion, we use autologous bone grafts from cervical vertebral bodies (Williams-Isu method; WI-method). To reduce the fusion level, we combine the WI-method and the transvertebral approach (TVA). The wide window yielded by the removal of the bone graft from vertebral bodies at the fusion level provides for the ...

ABSTRACT: Study design. Retrospective multi-center study.Objective. To review the clinical characteristics of traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL).Summary of Background Data. Despite its potentially devastating consequences, there is a lack of information about acute cervical SCI complicated by OPLL.Methods. This study ...

There has been a repeal of the universal helmet law in several states despite definitive evidence that helmets reduce mortality, traumatic brain injury, and hospital expenditures. Opponents of the universal helmet law have successfully claimed that helmets should not be required because of greater torque on the neck, which is ...

Spinal cord injury is a devastating condition that affects approximately 12,000 patients each year in the United States. Major causes for spinal cord injury include motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and direct trauma. Moderate hypothermia has gained attention as a potential therapy due to recent experimental and clinical studies and ...

Biomechanical study. To compare the relative rigidity of C2 transpedicular versus intralaminar fixation with and without offset connectors in C2-C6 subaxial constructs. Insufficient biomechanical data exists on C2 laminar fixation in subaxial constructs, and no study has considered C2-C6 subaxial constructs or the use of offset connectors. Six fresh-frozen cadaveric ...

Cervical extrication collars are applied to millions of blunt trauma victims despite the lack of any evidence that a collar can protect against secondary injuries to the cervical spine. Cadaver studies support that in the presence of a dissociative injury, substantial motion can occur within the occipitocervical spine with collar ...

Care of the combat casualty with spinal column or spinal cord injury has not been previously described, particularly in regards to spinal immobilization. The ultimate goal of spinal immobilization in the combat casualty is to first ``do no further harm'' and then provide a stable, painless spine and an optimal ...

Anterior cervical corpectomy from C2 to T1 is being used to decompress the spinal cord and reconstruct the cervical spine. It is a well recognized treatment for degenerative, traumatic, tumoral, infectious cervical stenosis and/or instability. It has the advantage of allowing a thorough decompression and also improves fusion rates in ...

ACKGROUND:: Cervical spine fractures are common in traumatically injured patients. The halo-vest brace is a common treatment used for these fractures. We hypothesize that the use of halo-vest fixation is associated with a high incidence of dysphagia in trauma patients. All trauma patients at our Level I Trauma Center from ...

Bringing evidence to practice is a key issue in modern medicine. The key barrier to information searching is time. Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) can improve guideline adherence. Mounting evidence exists that mobile CDSS on handheld computers support physicians in delivering appropriate care to their patients. Subaxial cervical spine injuries ...

Although the vertebral artery injuries (VAI) associated with cervical spine trauma are usually clinically occult, they may cause fatal ischemic damage to the brain stem and cerebellum. We performed a prospective study using computed tomographic angiography (CTA) to determine the frequency of VAI associated with cervical spine injuries and investigate ...

The execution technique of hanging, introduced by the Angle, Saxon, and Jute Germanic tribes during their invasions of the Roman Empire and Britain in the 5th century, has remained largely unchanged over time. The earliest form of a gallows was a tree on which prisoners were hanged. Despite the introduction ...

ABSTRACT: Study Design: Retrospective clinical case studyObjective: To evaluate whether spinal column injury severity influences neurological outcome after cervical spine injury patterns of Allen's classification.Summary of Background Data: Allen's classification is commonly used in cervical fracture/dislocation. Cervical spine injuries are classified into 6 common patterns by their mechanism. Each pattern ...

the object of this study was to determine the safe screw placement technique for cervical transarticular screw fixation. twenty cadaveric adult cervical spines were studied. All soft tissues surrounding the cervical spinal nerves from C-2 to T-1 were dissected carefully to expose the lateral mass, facet joint, transverse process, vertebral ...

This technical note describes a new simple, cheap and affordable adult cervical traction device that is especially suitable for use in resource-poor third world countries because of its cost-effectiveness. While the widely used imported Gardner-Wells tongs cost over N250,000 (Nigerian) naira (approximately $1630 USD), the new equally effective, durable and ...

Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are vulnerable to cervical spine fractures. Long-standing pain may mask the symptoms of the fracture. Radiological imaging of the cervical spine may fail to identify the fracture due to the distorted anatomy, ossified ligaments and artefacts leading to delay in diagnosis and increased risk of ...

To evaluate the use of a locking compression plate (LCP) with monocortical screw purchase for stabilization of the canine cervical spine. Experimental study. Cadaveric canine cervical spine specimens (n = 7). Flexion and extension bending moments were applied to canine cadaveric specimens (C3-C6) in 4-point bending, before and after creation ...

This article provides a review of the evaluation and treatment of common injuries to the shoulder, humerus, and clavicle in the emergency department (ED) setting. In addition to a focused review of the shoulder's physical examination, topics include common emergent injuries such as glenohumeral dislocations, proximal humerus fractures, and acromioclavicular ...

Treatment of complex proximal humeral fractures remains controversial. In cases where adequate open reduction and internal fixation cannot be achieved, hemiarthroplasty has been the traditional treatment; however, clinical results have been mixed. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) has been suggested as an alternative, and this study aimed to compare the functional ...

To evaluate the reproducibility and safety of a novel arthroscopic technique combining a Bristow-Latarjet procedure with a Bankart repair and to report the early clinical and radiologic results. Forty-seven consecutive patients with glenoid bone loss and capsular deficiency were treated with this all-arthroscopic technique; six patients had a failed arthroscopic ...