BACKGROUND: IL28B polymorphisms were shown to be associated with a response to peg-interferon-based treatment in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and spontaneous clearance. However, little is known about how this polymorphism affects the course of CHC, including the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the influence of IL28B polymorphisms on ...

Objectives.Two studies examined the extent to which the age-related positivity effect in autobiographical recall is the result of age differences in appraisal and memory. METHODS: In Study 1, older and younger participants reported 1 pleasant and 1 unpleasant event for 5 days. Participants attempted to recall those events a week ...

BACKGROUND: Females have often been shown to exhibit preferences for certain male traits. However, little is known about behavioural rules females use when searching for mates in their natural habitat. We investigated mate sampling tactics and related costs in the territorial strawberry poison frog (Oophaga pumilio) possessing a lek-like mating ...

BACKGROUND: While sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) rates increase with age, middle-aged adults (35-59years) may comprise a significant proportion of SCA cases in the community (30-40%). However, there is a lack of studies evaluating SCA risk factors specifically associated with this age-group of the population. METHODS: Using prospective multiple-source surveillance methodology ...

Studies on intraguild interactions between phytoseiid species have shown that intraguild predation occurs and is most commonly manifested as adult females of one species feeding on juveniles of another. Whether such intraguild interactions can also occur between adult females of one species and adult males of another, is not known. ...

Frailty, a relatively unexplored concept among vulnerable populations, may be a significant issue for homeless adults. This cross-sectional study assessed correlates of frailty among middle age and older homeless adults (N = 150, 40-73). A Pearson (r) bivariate correlation revealed a weak relationship between frailty and being female (r = ...

BACKGROUND: the number and proportion of adults diagnosed with HIV infection aged 50 years and older has risen. This study compares the effect of CD4 counts and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) on mortality rates among adults diagnosed aged ≥50 with those diagnosed at a younger age. METHODS: retrospective cohort analysis of ...

We previously reported that chronic activation of the estrogen receptor GPR30 by its selective agonist G-1 decreases blood pressure in ovariectomized hypertensive mRen2.Lewis (mRen2) rats but not intact male littermates. Furthermore, G-1 relaxes female mesenteric resistance arteries via both endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Because of the lack of a blood ...

Aging affects voice production and is associated with reduced communicative ability and quality of life. Voice therapy is a critical component of treatment, but its effects on neuromuscular mechanisms are unknown. The ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) of rats can be used to test the effects of aging and voice use on ...

In this study, outcomes for 575 adult ALL patients aged 45 years who underwent first allo-SCT in CR were analyzed according to the type of conditioning regimen (myeloablative conditioning (MAC) for 369 patients vs reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) for 206 patients). Patients in the RIC group were older (median age, 58 ...

A sudden underfoot perturbation can present a serious threat to balance during gait, but little is known about how humans recover from such perturbations or whether their response is affected by age. We tested the hypothesis that age would not affect the stepping responses to a nominal 10 degree inversion ...

It is known that adipose tissue mass increases with age, and that a number of hormones, collectively called adipokines, are produced by adipose tissue. For most of them it is not known whether their plasmatic levels change with age. Moreover, it is known that adipose tissue infiltration in skeletal muscle ...

autonomic control of the cardiovascular system in chronic kidney disease (CKD) contributes to an increased risk of cardiovascular events. We aimed to determine if and when autonomic dysfunction occurs in a conscious, telemetered, rodent model of CKD. In Lewis Polycystic Kidney (LPK; n=8) and Lewis (n=8) rats, blood pressure (BP), ...

1. A 2 × 8 factorial experiment containing different sexes (female and male) and 8 dietary riboflavin concentrations (1.2, 3.2, 5.2, 7.2, 9.2, 11.2, 13.2 and 15.2 mg/kg) was conducted to evaluate the riboflavin requirements of male and female White Pekin ducks from hatch to 21 d of age. 2. A total of ...

Arterial telomere dysfunction may contribute to chronic arterial inflammation by inducing cellular senescence and subsequent senescence-associated inflammation. Though telomere shortening has been associated with arterial aging in humans, age-related telomere uncapping has not been described in non-cultured human tissues and may have substantial prognostic value. In skeletal muscle feed arteries ...

Abstract OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to analyze whether there is a gender difference in the effects of maternal chocolate ingestion (80% cocoa) on the fetus, as expressed by the fetal heart rate (FHR). STUDY DESIGN One hundred pregnant women with uncomplicated term gestation, matched for age and ...

Objective: We examined the risk of hospital-treated injuries related to the symptoms/diagnosis of ADHD. Method: The study population (N = 6,111) was composed from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986. At the age of 8, symptoms of hyperactivity and at the age of 15, symptoms of ADHD were assessed by ...

In this issue of Cell, Loffredo et al. demonstrate that exposing an old mouse to the circulatory system of a young mouse reverses age-related cardiac hypertrophy. The authors demonstrate that this effect can be recapitulated by treating old mice with growth and differentiation factor 11 (GDF11). These data suggest that GDF11 ...

The aim of this study was to analyze sagittal and vertical dentofacial dimensions in subjects with normal occlusions during the juvenile and adolescents age periods to establish age- and gender-specific lateral cephalometric standard values for Germans during their active growth period. The study group consisted of a sample of 32 untreated ...

BACKGROUND: Older adults could not safely step over an obstacle unless they correctly estimated their physical ability to be capable of a successful step over action. Thus, incorrect estimation (overestimation) of ability to step over an obstacle could result in severe accident such as falls in older adults. We investigated ...

Reaching tasks are commonly performed during daily activities and require anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) to ensure a stable posture during movement execution. Age-related changes in APAs may impact dynamic balance and cause postural instability during reaching tasks made from standing. The present study examined age differences in postural control during ...

OBJECTIVE. To investigate the prevalence of pre-cancerous uterine cervix lesions as detected in Papanicolaou (Pap) smears from female sex workers in Hong Kong. DESIGN. Retrospective analysis of laboratory records. SETTING. Private anatomical pathology laboratory, Hong Kong. PATIENTS. Female sex workers undergoing Pap smear examinations at two non-governmental organisations between 2006 ...

The impact of heavy metal levels (Cd, Cu, and Zn) on the reproductive parameters in natural populations of the Mediterranean killifish Aphanius fasciatus was monitored in four sites of the Tunisian coast. Our study covered a period of the reproductive cycle, from April to November 2009. The significantly higher levels ...

We previously reported that early-weaned (postnatal day 14) male ICR mice, compared to normally weaned animals, exhibited a persistent increase in anxiety-related behavior in the elevated plus maze test. In this study, we examined whether steroid hormone manipulations on postnatal day 0 and at the ages of 2 or 3 ...

BACKGROUND: Hispanic patients undergoing long-term dialysis experience better survival compared with non-Hispanic whites. It is unknown whether this association differs by age, has changed over time, or is due to differential access to kidney transplantation. STUDY DESIGN: National retrospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Using the US Renal Data System, ...

INTRODUCTION: Unicoronal synostosis (UCS) imparts a fronto-facial deformity, the hallmark feature being orbital and forehead dysmorphology. The facial and malar regions also consistently display asymmetry, however, zygomatic structural characteristics have not been investigated. The purpose of this study is to objectively analyze the zygomata of UCS patients compared to normal ...

SIRT1 and PPARγ, host defenses regulating inflammation and metabolic functions, are suppressed under chronic high oxidant stress and inflammation (OS/Infl) conditions. In diabetes, dietary advanced glycation end products (dAGEs) cause OS/Infl and suppress SIRT1. Herein, we ask whether dAGEs also suppress host defense in adults without diabetes. The relationships between ...

Background: Chemotherapy-induced infertility is a common side effect observed in women of fertile age after treatment for malignant disease. Objectives: to study gonadal function and fertility in female survivors of childhood malignancies. Patients and methods: Study included 30 female cancer survivors and 30 age-matched healthy females as a control group. ...

This study examines historical variation in individual trajectories of heavy drinking and marijuana use from age 18 to 22. Unlike most studies that have examined cohort differences in drug use, it focuses on differences in both level of use and rates of change (growth). Nearly 39,000 youths from the high ...

Faecal incontinence (FI) and constipation occur following corrective surgery for anorectal malformations (ARMs) and in children or adults with chronic constipation without a structural birth anomaly (chronic idiopathic constipation, CIC). Such symptoms may have profound effects on quality of life (QoL). This study systematically determined the burden of FI and ...

ABSTRACT Age has significant impact on hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP450) systems in animals. Ross 708 broiler chicken is a breed of chicken with fast growth characteristics. Cytochrome P450 in the livers of Ross 708 broiler chicken of different ages has been investigated. The birds were raised under standard husbandry conditions. ...

caregivers make substantial contributions to health and social systems, but many low-resource settings lack reliable data about the determinants and experiences of older adults who are caregivers. we identified socio-demographic determinants of caregiving among older adults of low- and middle-income countries, and compared determinants of specific categories of caregiving tasks. ...

Inferolateral early repolarization (ER) patterns on standard electrocardiogram (ECG) are associated with increased risk for cardiac and arrhythmic death in general adult population cohorts. We sought to determine the prevalence of inferolateral ER on surface ECG in multiracial pre- and postadolescent populations and to analyze its association with age, race, ...

The current study investigated the hypothesis that the duration of the proinflammatory environment plays a critical role in the brain's response that results in negative consequences on cognition, biochemistry, and pathology. Lipopolysaccharide or artificial cerebrospinal fluid was slowly (250 ηg/h) infused into the fourth ventricle of young (3-month-old), adult (9-month-old), ...

BACKGROUND: The progressive decline in the immune function during ageing is termed immunosenescence. Previous studies have reported differences between males and females in the distribution and cell responses of lymphocyte subsets. Most studies of immunosenescence have been done in populations of industrialized countries living in a rather cold environment, and ...

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE) play a role in diabetic nephropathy. We screened DNA aptamer directed against AGEs (AGEs-aptamer) in vitro, and examined its effects on renal injury in KKAy/Ta mice, an animal model of type 2 diabetes. Eight week-old male KKAy/Ta or C57BL/6J mice received ...

Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is an estrogen-like compound widely used as a commercial plasticizer and present in medical devices, tubing, food containers and packaging. It is considered an endocrine disruptor and studies on experimental animals showed that exposure to DEHP can alter the function of several organs including liver, kidneys, lungs ...

Distinct patterns of early repolarization (ER) are associated with ventricular fibrillation and arrhythmic death. We evaluated whether gender modulated the aging effects on different ER patterns. We studied manifestations of ER in the anterior, inferior, and lateral leads on standard 12-lead electrocardiography from male (n = 1077) and female (n = 1170) individuals of ...

The objective of the present study was to quantify the associations between age at first mating (AFM) in gilts and the climatic factors of photoperiod (PP; h), number of hot days (HD) and relative humidity for different herd productivity groups. This study used records of 37,362 gilts born in 2007 ...

Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, but the effect of body composition on vascular aging and arterial stiffness remains uncertain. We investigated relationships among body composition, blood pressure, age, and aortic pulse wave velocity in healthy individuals. Pulse wave velocity in the thoracic aorta, an indicator of ...

OBJECTIVEUsing a nationally representative sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population, we estimated prediabetes prevalence and its changes during 1999-2010.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSData were from 19,182 nonpregnant individuals aged ≥12 years who participated in the 1999-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. We defined prediabetes as hemoglobin A1c 5.7 to ...

BACKGROUND: Germ cell tumors (GCTs) primarily affect adolescent and young adult men. Detailed clinical and treatment characteristics in older men are lacking. METHODS: Patients with GCT seen over a 20-year period at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center were identified. Primary tumor site and histology were compared for patients aged ≥ 50 years at ...

The authors sought to explore the prevalence and factors related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among occupational population in Taipei, Taiwan. A total of 8347 healthy adults voluntarily admitted to annual physical check-up. Blood samples and ultrasound-proved fatty liver sonography results were collected. The results showed that the prevalence ...

BACKGROUND: The psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) is recommended as a gold standard in evaluation of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Normative databases have been collected in few countries, clearly showing differences among studied groups. Thus, the standardization of PHES for selected populations remains necessary. AIMS: To standardize PHES in a ...

High levels of liver enzymes GGT, ALT and AST are predictive of disease and all-cause mortality and can reflect liver injury, fatty liver and/or oxidative stress. Variation in GGT, ALT and AST levels is heritable. Moderation of the heritability of these liver enzymes by age and sex has not often ...

Trade-offs between the benefits of current reproduction and the costs to future reproduction and survival are widely recognized. However, such trade-offs might only be detected when resources become limited to the point where investment in one activity jeopardizes investment in others. The resolution of the trade-off between reproduction and self-maintenance ...

BACKGROUND: Central obesity is thought to be more pathogenic than overall obesity and studies have shown that the association between waist circumference (WC) and mortality was strongest in those with a normal body mass index (BMI). The objective of our study was to determine secular trends in the prevalence of ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays a pivotal role in mediating the aging process. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of liver IGF-1 deficiency (LID) on aging-induced changes in hepatic function and underlying mechanisms, with a focus on autophagy. METHODS: Plasma and liver samples were ...

Sexual selection acts on traits that increase reproductive success. Variation in reproductive success is often higher among males than females. Consequently, sexual selection has been studied extensively in males while its possible role in females has only recently attracted considerable attention. In some cooperatively breeding species females compete intensely for ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of paternal aging on reproductive success. DESIGN: Animal study. SETTING: Research facility. ANIMAL(S): Outbred CF1 mice. INTERVENTION(S): Ten young male mice with proven fertility were mated routinely over 15 months with superovulated young females to assess in vivo and in vitro reproductive outcome. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): In vivo ...