Study design:Review supplemented by inception cohort.Objectives:To review trends in the incidence, prevalence, demographic characteristics, etiology, injury severity and selected treatment outcomes of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).Setting:International review and US model systems cohort.Methods:An extensive literature review was conducted to identify all relevant studies of descriptive epidemiology of traumatic SCI. This ...

This paper offers a broad assessment of the hormetic dose response and its relevance to biogerontology. The paper provides detailed background information on the historical foundations of hormesis, its quantitative features, mechanistic foundations, as well as how the hormesis concept could be further applied in the development of new therapeutic ...

Changes in demographical and clinical features of treatment-seeking pathological gamblers, and their gambling preferences before and after the ban of slot machines in Norway from 1 July 2007. Is there an emergence of a new group of gamblers seeking treatment after the ban? The participants were 99 patients, 16 women ...

Increased lifespans have led to population aging and brought attention to healthcare concerns associated with old age. A growing body of pre-clinical and clinical research has identified neurological benefits associated with the consumption of berry fruits. In addition to their now well-known antioxidant effects, dietary supplementation with berry fruits also ...

The human sebaceous gland is a microscopic branched type multiacinar gland been present everywhere on the body except on the palms and soles, whereas they are sparsely located on the dorsum of hands and feet. Several medical conditions are related with sebaceous gland pathology, such as acne, sebaceous hyperplasia, sebaceous ...

Background and objective  Studies of dermatological emergencies (DE) are few. We evaluated the activity in our DE unit in a 1-month retrospective study and compared the results with a similar study performed in the same department in 2000. Methods  We reviewed the charts of all outpatients seen in the DE ...

Immunological changes that inevitably occur with aging are related to the onset of various diseases including autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency, as well as other age-reflecting (AR) diseases. They are becoming serious problems in the global trend of longevity. To understand the AR changes, we searched for genes whose expression profiles in ...

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most frequent type of B-cell lymphoma in adult patients but also occurs in children. Patients are currently assigned to therapy regiments based on arbitrarily chosen age limits only (e.g. 18 or 60 years) and not biologically justified limits. A total of 364 diffuse large ...

A poor start in life owing to a restricted diet can have readily detectable detrimental consequences for many adult life-history traits. However, some costs such as smaller adult body size are potentially eliminated when individuals modify their development. For example, male mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) that have reduced early food intake ...

Employing the political construct of "target" populations, we suggest that the Boomers in old age will constitute a conceptually distinct population from that represented by either their parents or grandparents. A fourfold typology organized along the dimensions posited by Schneider and Ingram (1993) yields categorizations of target populations as Dependent, ...

The UK's largest registry of adult twins, or TwinsUK Registry, started in 1992 and encompasses about 12 000 volunteer twins from all over the United Kingdom. More than 70% of the registered twins have filled at least one detailed health questionnaire and about half of them undergone a baseline comprehensive assessment ...

In this study, a massive infestation of the sea snake Enhydrina schistosa by the cymothoid isopod Nerocila serra, commonly parasitizing fishes, is reported for the first time from India. This isopod was found attached on the different parts of the body of the snake. According to the month, the parasitic ...

SUMMARYParasites exposed to fast-developing hosts experience a variety of conditions over a short time period. Only few studies in vertebrate-ectoparasite systems have integrated the timing of ectoparasite infestations in the host's development into the search for factors explaining ectoparasite burden. In this study we examined the temporal pattern of attachment ...

AIMS: To assess whether statin use is associated with reduced mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: Hospitalisation, drug dispensing, and mortality records were linked for New Zealanders aged 50-80 years discharged from hospital with a first admission with COPD in 2006. Patients were classified according to ...

Background:Clinical trials under-represent patients (pts) >65 years. Non-interventional studies (NISs) help to evaluate therapies in daily practice. This NIS evaluates efficacy and safety of cetuximab in combination with chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) pts aged >65 years vs 65 years.Methods:A total of 657 pts were recruited into the NIS ...

Aging represents a convergence of declining cardioprotective systems and increasing disease processes that is fertile ground for the development of heart failure. Fifty percent of all heart failure diagnoses and 90% of all heart failure deaths occur in individuals older than 70. This article discusses the microscopic and macroscopic changes ...

Mounting evidence suggests that lifestyle factors, especially nutrition are essential factor for healthy ageing. However, as a result of the increase in life expectance, neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's (AD and PD, respectively) are becoming an increasing burden, as aging is their main risk factor. Brain aging and neurodegenerative ...

Successful aging involves adapting to changing needs. The 2009 U.S. Census noted that 43% of adult Americans are single and that the oldest-old population is the most rapidly growing aging segment. Geriatric, lonely, hopeless individuals are at high risk for depression and suicide. Lonely individuals fail to adapt to their ...

AbstractBackground. Early discontinuation of adjuvant endocrine therapy may affect the outcome of treatment in breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to assess age-specific persistence and age-specific survival outcome based on persistence status.Methods. Patients enrolled in the Tamoxifen Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational trial were included. Nonpersistence was defined as ...

Purpose: Understanding the hierarchy of higher-level physical functions to infer disability level (mild, moderate or severe) is essential for the precise targeting of preventive interventions and has been examined previously in a cross-sectional study. Based on longitudinal data, this study evaluated the hierarchy of higher-level physical functions. Methods: Data from ...

Seasonal timing is studied by ecologists and physiologists alike and it is now widely recognized that further integration of these fields is needed for a full understanding of phenology. This is especially true in the light of the impact of global climate change on living organisms. In studies of avian ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The study investigates whether established inpatient therapy for teachers with burnout results in long-acting success and whether gender gaps and differences between teachers of different school levels exist. According to our knowledge, our study is the most extensive inpatient intervention study on the burnout of a defined occupational ...

Insects have innate immunity that may be weakened by resource allocation to growth. I measured enzymatic immunity, encapsulation response, and susceptibility to fungal infection in Mormon crickets of known age. Although the concentrations of circulating spontaneous and total phenoloxidase (PO) increased with age from the most recent molt in late ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Sex-ratio distorting parasites are of interest due to their effects upon host population dynamics and their potential to influence the evolution of host sex determination systems. In theory, the ability to distort host sex-ratios allows a parasite with efficient vertical (hereditary) transmission to dispense completely with horizontal (infectious) ...

The aim of this study was to describe experiences of physical activity, perceived meaning and importance of, and motives and barriers for participation in physical activity, among people 80 years of age and older. A qualitative design with focus-group methodology was used. The sample consisted of 20 community-living people aged ...

OBJECTIVE:To estimate the cumulative proportion of youth who self-report having been arrested or taken into custody for illegal or delinquent offenses (excluding arrests for minor traffic violations) from ages 8 to 23 years.METHODS:Self-reported arrest history data (excluding arrests for minor traffic violations) from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 ...

ABSTRACT: Prescribing for older adults is a complex and high-risk process. Age-related changes produce differences in the way elderly patients respond to and process medication. This article discusses age-related changes, common problems that increase risk for older adults, strategies for improving adherence, and models for safe and effective prescribing.

The extant monotremes (platypus and echidnas) are believed to all be capable of electroreception in the trigeminal pathways, although they differ significantly in the number and distribution of electroreceptors. It has been argued by some authors that electroreception was first developed in an aquatic environment and that echidnas are descended ...

BACKGROUND: Early puberty often occurs in migrants from less to more economically developed locations, particularly among girls, perhaps because of mismatched inter-generational conditions. However, migrants may differ from their host population in many ways. OBJECTIVE: In an ethnically homogenous Chinese population in a developed environment, we examined the association of ...

Between 1951 and 1995 there was a steady increase in age-standardised deaths from all aortic aneurysms in men, from 2 to 56 per 100,000 population in England & Wales, supporting an increase in incidence. More recently, evidence from Sweden and elsewhere suggests that now the incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysm ...

The nutrient-sensing TO R (target of rapamycin) pathway is involved in cellular and organismal aging. Rapamycin, an inhibitor of TO R, extends lifespan in yeast, fruit flies and genetically heterogeneous mice. Here, we demonstrate that lifelong administration of rapamycin extends lifespan in female 129/Sv mice characterized by normal mean lifespan ...

The distribution of parasites is often characterised by substantial aggregation with a small proportion of hosts harbouring the majority of parasites. This pattern can be generated by abiotic and biotic factors that affect hosts and determine host exposure and susceptibility to parasites. Climate factors can change a host's investment in ...

Abstract Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a malignancy of the lymphatic system with an incidence of 2-3/100.000/year in Europe and North America. The disease generally occurs in all age groups but young adults are most often affected. Thus, adolescents aged 15 or 16 to 21 represent a relevant portion of patients. ...

Delay of gratification (DoG), the ability to reject immediately available smaller rewards in favor of later larger rewards, has been a topic of continuous research interest for almost 60 years. Although numerous studies have explored this construct and its effects on wellbeing, social behavior, cognitive abilities, and academic success in ...

The relative role of host phylogeny and ecology on parasite community structure is analyzed in three sympatric paralichthyids from Argentine waters: the carcinophagous Xystreurys rasile and the piscivorous Paralichthys isosceles and P. patagonicus. Their relatedness, inherited ecological and physiological traits and shared past histories should result in certain similarities in ...

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii is a significant worldwide parasitic protozoan. In the present study, prevalence of antibodies of T. gondii was examined from 29 free-ranging black bears (Ursus americanus) from south-central Florida where the host species was listed as state threatened during this project. Overall T. gondii prevalence was found to ...

Women have been increasingly delaying the start of motherhood in recent decades. The same trend is seen also for men. The influence of maternal age on fertility, chromosomal anomalies, pregnancy complications, and impaired perinatal and post-natal outcome of offspring, has been thoroughly investigated, and these aspects are clinically applied during ...

With the availability of novel agents, the overall survival (OS) in patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) has improved over the last decade. Data on 40,294 MM patients in the years from 1973 to 2003 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) of the US National ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Rhinitis is a common condition associated with significant under-recognized morbidity and impaired quality of life. The natural history of rhinitis is poorly characterized. Better understanding of its natural history and associated risk factors would improve the ability to effectively manage rhinitis in clinical practice. This review focuses ...

To the Editor: Bevacizumab is the predominant agent used for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) worldwide, and the study by the Comparison of AMD Treatments Trials (CATT) research group (May 19 issue)(1) should have far-reaching influence on global practice patterns.(2) However, considerable uncertainty is likely to remain ...

Background: The number of young volunteers in international social projects has increased significantly with governmental and non-governmental project support. This paper investigates the hypothesis that the preventative medical advice currently given prior to departure is inadequate because the risk profile of young persons (<30 years) differs from that of the ...

During recent decades attention has focused on reducing long-term treatment-related morbidity and mortality in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). We studied trends in relative survival for all patients diagnosed with HL in Sweden 1973-2009 (n=6,949; 3,985 men and 2,964 women; median age 45 years) and followed up for death until the end ...

The process of the restructuring of health care system in Lithuania demonstrates the need to continue the monitoring of changes in avoidable mortality. OBJECTIVE. To assess the level of avoidable mortality as well as its changes over time in Lithuania during 2001-2008 and to define the impact of avoidable mortality ...

Over the past several decades, social and demographic trends have led to an increased tendency for women to delay childbearing. Owing primarily to abnormalities in the oocyte and resulting embryonic aneuploidy, implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates decline sharply by the end of the fourth decade. As a result, ...

: Although multiple breast reduction outcomes studies have been performed, none has specifically identified the impact of advanced age. The authors aimed to study the impact of age on breast reduction outcome. : Medical records for all patients billed for Current Procedural Terminology code 19318 over the past 10 years ...

Context.-Coal worker's pneumoconiosis is a major occupational lung disease in the United States. The disease is primarily controlled through reducing dust exposure in coal mines using technological improvements and through the establishment of dust standards by regulatory means. Objective.-To determine if dust standards established in the US Federal Coal Mine ...

Despite an increasing incidence of gout in older age patients with multiple metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities, there are limited data addressing whether currently available urate-lowering therapy is comparably effective and safe in older (≥65 years of age) versus younger (<65 years of age) patients. In this secondary analysis of data ...

There is little consensus over the optimal timing of ligation of a patent processus vaginalis (PPV) in boys with hydrocele. We hypothesized that a proportion of procedures may be unnecessary because they are performed at an age before which the PPV may be expected to close spontaneously. Such excess may ...

In longhorn beetles and many other internally feeding insects, oviposition choice by females is critical to the survival of their offspring because their larvae are incapable of moving between hosts. Here we report on the complex host selection and colonization strategies of a longhorn beetle, Glenea cantor (F.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), ...

We review what is known in each country of the Latin American region with regards to blindness and visual impairment and make some comparisons to Hispanic populations in the United States. Prevalence of blindness varied from 1.1% in Argentina to 4.1% in Guatemala in people 50 years of age and ...