The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of severe sarcopenia detected by total skeletal muscle mass (SM) index and of site-specific thigh sarcopenia for differing age groups in men and women. Japanese nonobese men and women aged 20 to 85 (n = 1,994, 55 % women) had muscle thickness (MTH) ...

BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle mass declines after the age of 50. Loss of skeletal muscle mass is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify predictors of low skeletal muscle mass in older adults toward development of a practical clinical assessment tool for use by clinicians to ...

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used to evaluate body composition in athletes. Knowledge of measurement precision is essential for monitoring body composition changes over time. This study begins characterizing DXA body composition precision in 60 (30 males and 30 females) Division 1 athletes focusing on gender, regional, and tissue ...

BACKGROUND: Models assessing characteristics contributing to response to recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) response rarely address growth extremes in both years 1 and 2 or examine how children track from year to year. Using National Cooperative Growth Study (NCGS) data, we determined characteristics contributing to responsiveness to rhGH and the ...

The distribution of parasites among individual hosts is characterised by high variability that is believed to be a result of variations in host traits. To find general patterns of host traits affecting parasite abundance, we studied flea infestation of nine rodent species from three different biomes (temperate zone of central ...

BACKGROUND: Recent European Association of Echocardiography and American Society of Echocardiography guidelines on three-dimensional echocardiography state that normal values of left ventricular (LV) parameters for age and body size remain to be established. METHODS: In 226 consecutive healthy subjects (125 women; age range, 18-76 years), comprehensive three-dimensional echocardiographic analyses of ...

OBJECTIVE: To identify the mean values and percentiles for ASMM (appendicular skeletal muscle mass) and the prevalence of sarcopenia, in terms of muscle mass reduction, using different cutoffs in a European population. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis on the dataset from a multicenter study on apparently healthy Italian adults conducted between ...

OBJECTIVE: Ultrasound measurements of the cross sectional area (CSA) variability have been recently introduced to quantify pathological changes in peripheral nerves (PN). METHODS: Reference values from 75 healthy subjects and their correlation to age, height, weight and sex are reported. RESULTS: The mean values in PN were: (1) intranerve CSA-variability: ...

OBJECTIVES: This study examines cross-sectional associations of indices of adiposity, lean body mass, and physical activity, with heart rate variability (HRV), a marker for parasympathetic cardiac vagal control. METHODS: The study population consists of 360 officers from the Buffalo New York Police Department. Indices of adiposity include body mass index, ...

Botoseneanu, A., & Liang, J. (2012) Latent heterogeneity in long-term trajectories of body mass index in older adults. Journal of Aging and Health. 25(2), 342-363. (Original DOI: 10.1177/0898264312468593).

Background: GH release after stimuli classifies short children as severe idiopathic isolated GH deficiency (IIGHD), mild IIGHD, dissociated GH release (DGHR) and normal GH release (NGHR) and anthropometric birth data as adequate for gestational age (AGA) or small for gestational age (SGA). GH release after stimuli classifies AGA patients as ...

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessment of body fat mass is precise and highly correlated with under water weighing. In view of ethnic differences, we undertook this study to prepare normative data for body fat mass in apparently healthy adult Indians and correlate it with body mass index (BMI). This cross-sectional ...

Previous work in primates has shown that body size often covaries with ecological parameters related to resource or energy availability in the environment. This relationship may differ for males and females as access to resources has greater importance for reproductive success in females. We test the hypotheses that (1) female ...

Little is known about the psychosocial circumstances under which children develop excessive body mass. A community sample was followed up from age 2-10 years to determine which early problems were predictive of increased body mass index. Hypothesized mediators (i.e. eating habits, physical activity, and "screen time") were also examined. After ...

AIM: The present study aimed to determine the association of sarcopenia, defined by muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance, with functional disability from a 2-year cohort study of community-dwelling elderly Japanese people. METHOD: Participants were 743 community-dwelling elderly Japanese people aged 65 years or older. We used bioelectrical impedance ...

ABSTRACT: Mohr, M and Krustrup, P. Heat stress impairs repeated jump ability after competitive elite soccer games. J Strength Cond Res 27(3): 683-689, 2013-This study examined the effect of environmental heat stress on repeated jump performance after elite competitive soccer games. Male elite soccer players (n = 19) from 2 ...

PURPOSE: Higher physical activity (PA) has been associated with greater attenuation of body-fat gain and preservation of lean mass across the lifespan. These analyses aimed to determine relationships of change in PA to changes in fat and lean body mass in a longitudinal prospective study of postmenopausal women. METHODS: Among ...

The effects of scalp dermatitis (seborrheic dermatitis (SD), psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis (AD)) on chemical properties of hair keratin were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Hairs were collected from lesional regions affected by SD, psoriasis, and AD and non-lesional regions separately. The hairs with SD were taken from ...

Background: The composition of fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) are now considered to be important indicators of body composition. Aim: This cross-sectional study determines the body composition using FM and FFM among children. Subjects and methods: The study was conducted among 1248 children (619 boys; 629 girls) aged ...

OBJECTIVE:: To examine the contribution of chronological age (CA), skeletal age (SA), stature, sitting stature, fat-free mass (FFM), and fat mass (FM) to interindividual variability in left ventricular mass (LVM) in male adolescent roller hockey players using allometric models. DESIGN:: Cross sectional. SETTING:: Training and competitive sport during adolescence. PARTICIPANTS:: ...

Photoperiod is the most important "noise-free" seasonal environmental cue for synchronizing physiological states (such as reproductive activity) in birds. However, in photoperiodic birds such as Japanese quail, the effect of photoperiod on adrenocortical activity remains unclear, particularly in males with differences in cloacal gland photoresponsiveness. At 8 wk of age, ...

We investigated whether among-sibling differences in the phenotypes of juvenile fish were systematically related to the position in the egg mass where each individual developed during oogenesis. We sampled eggs from the front, middle and rear thirds of the egg mass in female brown trout of known dominance rank. In ...

Sex differences in ultradian activity rhythms (URs) and circadian rhythms (CRs) were assessed in Siberian hamsters kept in long day (LD) or short day (SD) photoperiods for 40 weeks. For both sexes URs of locomotor activity were more prevalent, greater in amplitude and more robust in SDs. The UR period ...

Age- and sex-dependence of subclass specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc N-glycosylation was evaluated for 1709 individuals from two isolated human populations. IgGs were obtained from plasma by affinity purification using 96-well protein G monolithic plates and digested with trypsin. Fc N-glycopeptides were purified and analyzed by negative-mode MALDI-TOF-MS with 4-chloro-α-cyanocinnamic ...

AIM: To determine whether non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency (NC21OHD) compromises adult height (AH), and to establish the clinical parameters affecting AH in subjects with NC21OHD. METHODS: A multicenter, retrospective review of medical records for clinical and biochemical parameters. The corrected height (CH) standard deviation score (SDS), defined as AH SDS minus ...

Baseline cardiovascular characteristics and longitudinal changes following weight loss surgery (WLS) in adolescents are not well defined. Recent data suggest that the use of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for preoperative cardiac assessment may provide suboptimal imaging fidelity secondary to excessive upper body adiposity. High fidelity imaging using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the anthropometric factors of height, body mass, body mass index and postural balance and to compare the balance indices between genders in the upright standing position, in healthy adult subjects under conditions of instability. Forty individuals were subjected to ...

To examine whether the adverse effects of slow prenatal and postnatal growth on cognitive function persist to old age and predict age related cognitive decline. A longitudinal birth cohort study of men born in Helsinki, Finland 1934-44. Nine-hundred-thirty-one men of the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, with detailed data on growth ...

: To estimate the degree of association between body mass index (BMI) and some of the most common adverse outcomes and conditions in obstetrics and gynecology, and to compare it with the traditional descriptors such as age, gravidity, parity, history of preterm births, history of abortions or miscarriages, and race ...

PURPOSE: We aimed to assess the associations of sex, age, body mass, sex steroid hormones, and lifestyle factors with the levels of melatonin in young children. METHODS: This study followed a cross-sectional design and was conducted two preschools in Japan. Subjects were 235 boys and 203 girls, aged 3-6 years. ...

Objectives:Body mass index (BMI) percentiles have been routinely and historically used to identify elevated adiposity. The aim of this study was to investigate the optimal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) BMI percentile that predicts elevated visceral adipose tissue (VAT), fat mass and cardiometabolic risk in a biracial sample ...

Research in sports science disciplines such as sport psychology has demonstrated that practitioner's physical characteristics influence clients' perceptions of their effectiveness, potentially mediating the efficacy of subsequent interventions. However, very little research has been directed towards this issue for sports dietitians (SDs'), the health professionals that athletes are likely to ...

Sex-specific senescence has been commonly reported in highly dimorphic and polygynous species. However, whether between-sex differences in senescence occur in monogamous and monomorphic species is poorly known. In this study, we used an extensive dataset of 20 years of mass measurements on free-ranging male and female Alpine marmots (Marmota marmota), a ...

In their earliest stages, protostars accrete mass from their surrounding envelopes through circumstellar disks. Until now, the smallest observed protostar-to-envelope mass ratio was about 2.1 (ref. 1). The protostar L1527 IRS is thought to be in the earliest stages of star formation. Its envelope contains about one solar mass of ...

The persistence of aquatic insect populations in streams depends on the recruitment of larval populations from egg masses deposited by adults, especially after disturbance. However, recruitment of aquatic populations by oviposition is a process that remains unstudied in streams and rivers. The objectives of our study were to document flying ...

Older red-breasted flycatcher males (after the second year) have an orange patch on the throat and breast. To date, the occurrence of this ornament has been explained in terms of male-male interactions. In this paper, we show that badge size also influences the mating success of red-breasted-flycatcher males. In addition ...

Body Mass Index is associated with endurance performance in athletes. Reported and measured values of body mass and body height in 1,618 endurance athletes (1,358 men, 260 women) showed that men and women both underestimated their body mass and overestimated their body height, leading to an underestimation of Body Mass ...

OBJECTIVES: This paper aims to investigate the incidence of scleroderma spectrum disorders (SDS) in Slovenia. METHODS: From 01.01.2007 to 31.12.2009 we prospectively examined all patients over 18 years of age suspected of suffering from SDS who were referred to our department, which is the only Rheumatology referral centre in the ...

Objective: To determine whether coronal caries experience through to the 30s predicts root surface caries experience by age 38. Method: Prospective study of a complete birth cohort (n = 1,037) born in 1972/73 in Dunedin, New Zealand. Dental examinations were conducted at ages 5, 9, 15, 18, 26, 32 and ...

The purpose of this work is to investigate the age-related changes in body composition and their relationship with bone mineral density decreasing rates (BDR) in central south Chinese postmenopausal women. BDR is the percentage of bone mineral density (BMD) decreasing value relative to the peak bone mass. A cross-sectional study ...

Aim of the study was to determine the influence of classic altitude training on hemoglobin mass (Hb-mass) in elite swimmers under the following aspects: (1) normal oscillation of Hb-mass at sea level; (2) time course of adaptation and de-adaptation; (3) sex influences; (4) influences of illness and injury; (5) interaction ...

Context:Postponement of puberty by GnRH analog (GnRHa) in addition to GH treatment might increase adult height (AH) in short adolescents born small for gestational age (SGA). GnRHa treatment is thought to have negative effects on bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition.Objective:The objective of the study was to assess the ...

BACKGROUND:: Long-term survival of children with osteosarcoma has increased, but most suffer from osteoporosis in adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and identify the risk factors of osteoporosis. METHODS:: Forty long-term survivors of osteosarcoma and 55 controls were enrolled. The mean age of the survivors ...

The goal of this study was to assess the relationship of left ventricular (LV) trabeculae and papillary muscles (TPM) with clinical characteristics in a community-based, free-living adult cohort and to determine the effect of TPM on quantitative measures of LV volume, mass, and ejection fraction (EF). Hypertrabeculation has been associated ...

BACKGROUND: Restoring movement fluency is a key focus for physical rehabilitation; it's measurement, however, lacks objectivity. The purpose of this study was to find whether measurable movement fluency variables differed between groups of adults with different movement abilities whilst performing the sit-to-walk (STW) movement. The movement fluency variables were: (1) ...

BACKGROUND: Age trends in estradiol and estrone levels in men and how lifestyle factors, comorbid conditions, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin affect these age trends remain poorly understood, and were examined in men of the Framingham Heart Study. METHODS: Estrone and estradiol concentrations were measured in morning fasting samples using ...

AimsAs obesity-related cardiovascular mortality, although elevated when compared with normal weight, is lower in females than in males at every body mass index (BMI) level, we aimed to investigate gender-specific differences in left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in obesity, which themselves have been shown to have varying prognostic value.Method and resultsIn ...

This study determined the fluid balance of elite female basketball players before and during competition. Before and during 2 international games, 17 national-level players (age 24.2 ± 3 yr, height 180.5 ± 6 cm, mass 78.8 ± 8 kg) were assessed. Fluid-balance assessment included pregame hydration level as determined by ...

The purpose of this study was to compare physical exertion and game performance indicators of experienced and novice Rugby Union players when playing small-sided games. Forty male players (M age = 21.6 yr., SD = 3.6; M Height = 177.7cm, SD = 7.4; M body mass 81.2 kg, SD = ...

It has been proposed that the pro-inflammatory catalytic activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a key role in the aging process. However, it remains unclear whether the COX-2 activity is a causal factor for aging and whether COX-2 inhibitors could prevent aging. We here examined the effect of COX-2 inhibitors on ...