We report here on a combined photoemission and vibrational spectroscopy investigation of (S)-Glutamic acid adsorption on Ag(111). We show that, in the temperature range 250 K ≤T≤ 400 K, non-zwitterionic adsorption takes place and that the anionic form prevails at non-vanishing coverage. Significant conformational changes of the self-assembled layer must ...

Aging is accompanied in humans by the deterioration of hearing function - presbycusis. The major etiology for presbycusis is the loss of hair cells in the inner ear; less well known are changes in the central auditory system. Therefore, we used 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3T tomograph to examine ...

PURPOSE: To determine the effects of age and sex on cerebral glutamate and glutamine concentrations in a large sample of healthy humans using a dedicated measuring and evaluation procedure. Exploratory examinations of other brain metabolites were also conducted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 118 healthy subjects aged 19 to 55 years ...

The prevalence of Giardia duodenalis assemblages in horses is poorly known. The present study examined feces from 195 horses, 1 month-17 years of age, in 4 locations in Colombia. Prevalence of infection was determined by PCR and all positives were sequenced to determine the genotypes. Thirty four (17.4%) horses were ...

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system and has been associated with several cognitive functions that are known to change with age. In rodents and humans age-related glutamate changes have been found in several brain areas. In this cross-sectional study the presence and extent of ...

Altered availability of the brain biochemical glutamate might contribute to the neural mechanisms underlying age-related changes in cognitive and motor functions. To investigate the contribution of regional glutamate levels to behavior in the aging brain, we used an in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy protocol optimized for glutamate detection in 3 brain ...

The major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), respectively, are implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG), a neuropeptide that modulates the Glu system, may also be altered in schizophrenia. This study investigated GABA, Glu + glutamine (Glx), and NAAG levels in younger and older ...

The pilot study aimed at examining the neural glutamatergic activity in autism. Seven adolescent males (mean age: 14 ± 1.8; age range: 12-17 years) with intact intellectual capacity (mean IQ: 108 ± 14.26; IQ range: 85-127) suffering from autistic disorder and an equal number of age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent a two-dimensional magnetic resonance ...

Selection of suitable criteria for assessing sexual maturity in the male long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) has yielded conflicting results. The present retrospective work investigates whether the sole presence of sperm in the baseline semen sample unequivocally (i.e. for every animal) hallmarks complete testicular maturation. For 956 animals providing the baseline ...

Abstract Epignathus is an extremely rare, benign, congenital teratoma that arises from the oral cavity. When treating epignathus with cleft palate, it is particularly important to consider velopharyngeal function (VPF) and maxillary growth after surgical repair. The case of an infant with a complete cleft palate and a large mass, ...

The literature consistently shows an association between pubertal maturation and internalizing problems in girls. The association for boys is less clear. The present study examines genetic and environmental influences on the association between pubertal maturation and internalizing problems for boys and girls in two primarily Caucasian adolescent twin/sibling studies: The ...

As the first study to investigate reproductive aspects of male franciscana dolphin -Pontoporia blainvillei - in Argentine waters, the aim of this paper was to assess sexual maturity by using histological and morphometric methods. P. blainvillei was labeled as "Vulnerable" by the IUCN in 2008. The specimens analyzed were either ...

Abstract The relationships among indicators of biological maturation were evaluated and concordance between classifications of maturity status in two age groups of youth soccer players examined (11-12 years, n = 87; 13-14 years, n = 93). Data included chronological age (CA), skeletal age (SA, Fels method), stage of pubic hair, predicted age at peak ...

Abstract We report the morphology (height, weight, body fat, body mass index), fitness (strength, speed, agility, flexibility), and soccer-specific (dribbling) and non-specific motor coordination skills (Körper KoordinationsTest für Kinder; KTK) of 78 Belgian international youth soccer players aged 15-16 years with varying biological maturity status. The more mature players (U16 ...

This study investigated whether defendants' ages and levels of psychosocial maturity would affect judges' ratings of juveniles' adjudicative competence in juvenile and criminal court. Three hundred forty two judges reviewed a forensic psychological report about a hypothetical defendant; only the defendant's age (12-17) and maturity level (mature, immature) varied across ...

There is evidence that impaired metabolism play an important role in the etiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Although this has not been investigated to date, several recent studies proposed that nitrogen metabolism-related parameters may have a pathophysiological role in autism. The study enrolled 20 Saudi boys with autism aged 4 ...

Abstract Purpose. The purpose of this study was to establish estimates of incidence and fatality rates, and to identify likely etiologies of first attack acute pancreatitis (FAAP) in an urban Norwegian population. Material and methods. A total of 874 patients were discharged with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis from the ...

The impact of stress on health varies across the different stages of human life. Aging is associated with psychobiological changes that could limit our ability to cope with stressors. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify the physiological mechanisms that underlie the stress response and the changes that occur in them ...

Fire affects grassland composition by selectively influencing recruitment. Some exotic species can increase their abundance as a consequence of fire-stimulated seed germination, but response may depend on seed age. Rumex acetosella L. (Polygonaceae, sheep's sorrel) is a cosmopolitan herb that has invaded NW Patagonia's grasslands. This species forms persistent soil ...

Japan has a large number of senior citizens. Yoga can be wisely applied in old age care. There is no any age restriction to practice yoga. The effect may differ by age. There is a need to study the mechanism of action of yoga with respect to age. This study ...

Variations in stroke incidence could be explained by changes in vascular and environmental factors that affect the risk of stroke and changes in risk factors that are present in early life. The aim of this study was to identify and measure the effects of 3 interrelated factors, age, calendar period ...

In spite of no clinical signs of facial paresis, a pathological lip force (LF) will strongly influence swallowing capacity (SC). Stroke patients with impaired SC suffer a subclinical facial paresis. The results support earlier findings that LF training can be used to treat dysphagia. Lip muscle training with an oral ...

Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and of cerebrovascular complications. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine with a central role in inflammation. To investigate whether polymorphisms of the TGF-β1 gene can modify the risk of ischemic stroke (IS) in Chinese population, we conduct this ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Risks and benefits of intravenous thrombolysis for patients with stroke > 80 years of age are unclear. We examined outcomes and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage rates in ≤ 80- and > 80-year-old patients in the Safe Implementation of Treatment in Stroke International Stroke Thrombolysis Register. METHODS: We compared ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the meaning of acting with others, in different places over the course of 1 year post-stroke. METHODS: Qualitative interviews with 9 persons, age range 42-61 years (7 persons with cerebrovascular accident and 2 with subarachnoidal haemorrhage) over the course of a year (i.e. 3, 6, 9 and ...

The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is related to age and is projected to rise exponentially as the population ages and the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors increases. The risk of ischemic stroke is significantly increased in AF patients, and there is evidence of a graded increased risk of stroke ...

Our goal was to develop decision guides to predict the presence of a high-risk source of embolus and to predict a change in management following transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in subjects who present with a first cerebral ischemic event. We conducted a retrospective review of subjects age ≥18 years who underwent ...

Stroke consequences present a great long-term challenge to the spouses of the stroke sufferer. A longitudinal study with a phenomenological hermeneutic approach was used to illuminate the meanings of middle-aged female spouses' lived experience of their relationship with a partner who has suffered a stroke, during the first year postdischarge. ...

To examine the association between cerebral hyperintensities and cerebrovascular risk factors (CVRF) among middle-aged and older adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). Thirty patients (aged 55-77 years) with MDD and no history of stroke participated in a magnetic resonance imaging assessment to assess for the presence of cerebral hyperintensities and ...

Children with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) exhibit dramatically accelerated cardiovascular disease (CVD), causing death from myocardial infarction or stroke between the ages of 7 and 20 years. We undertook the first histological comparative evaluation between genetically confirmed HGPS and the CVD of aging. We present structural and immunohistological analysis of ...

Chronic hypertension and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) are the main pathologies which can induce the rupture of cerebral vessels and intracerebral hemorrhages, as a result of degenerative changes in the vascular wall. A lot of progress has been made in this direction since the successful creation of the first mouse ...

The assumption is often made that aggressive care in the form of early decompressive hemicraniectomy is appropriate for young patients who suffer a massive stroke. However, neither their attitude toward aggressive treatment, nor their perception of acceptable quality of life after a stroke, has been adequately studied. We conducted a ...

Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) impairment and cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) are associated in elderly or patients with overt cerebral ischemia. Such association has not been confirmed for asymptomatic middle-aged individuals with risk factors for stroke. We assessed the relationship between the CVR and the presence of WMLs in a middle-aged ...

Neuroinflammation is associated with glial activation following a variety of brain injuries, including stroke. While activation of perilesional astrocytes and microglia following ischemic brain injury is well documented, the influence of age on these cellular responses after stroke is unclear. This study investigated the influence of advanced age on neuronal ...

We investigated the incidence of thrombo-embolectomy in upper-limb and prognosis with respect to arm amputation, stroke and death. We performed a national cohort study of individuals, aged 40-99 years, and undergoing first-time thrombo-embolectomy in the brachial, ulnar or radial artery in Denmark from 1990 to 2002. The data were retrieved ...

To measure the prevalence of silent strokes in the Iraqi Kurdish population, and to identify silent stroke risk factors. This cross-sectional study was carried out in Rizgary Teaching Hospital, Erbil, Iraq from January to June 2009. A sample of 200 patients attending the outpatient clinic was taken. The results of ...

Polymorphic configurations of the coagulation factor VII gene (F7) are associated with plasma levels of FVII antigen (FVII:Ag) and FVII coagulant activity (FVII:C). Our aim was to determine whether F7 polymorphisms influence risk of ischemic stroke in young adults. One hundred and fifty survivors of ischemic stroke before the age ...

We studied the association of stroke severity with survival from 1 month to 10 years after stroke and explored how stroke severity interacts with other prognostic indicators with time. The study is based on 999 stroke patients from the community-based Copenhagen Stroke Study (mean age, 74.3±11.0 years; 56% women; mean ...

There is scarce information about ischemic stroke in young adults in Thailand. The purpose of this study was to explore the causes of ischemic stroke in Thai adults age 16-50 years. All ischemic strokes treated in persons in this age range between August 2006 and December 2008 were prospectively included. ...

Quality of life (QOL) after stroke is poorly characterized. We sought to determine long-term natural history and predictors of QOL among first ischemic stroke survivors without stroke recurrence or myocardial infarction (MI). In the population-based, multiethnic Northern Manhattan Study, QOL was prospectively assessed at 6 months and annually for 5 ...

We explored th effects of vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI), vascular dementia (VaD), and other predictors on mortality and institutionalization in early survivors of ischemic stroke without previous dementia who had been admitted to a stroke unit. A total of 202 consecutive consenting eligible ischemic stroke survivors and a matched ...

The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between clock drawing ability following stroke, and key clinical variables including cognition, functional independence, side and type of stroke, educational level and age. One hundred and ninety-seven people with stroke were recruited from 12 hospital and rehabilitation facilities. The participants' ...

Worldwide, stroke is the third most common cause of death in developed countries with declining death rates. In 1997 Austria established a national system of acute-care stroke units; their impact on stroke mortality has not yet been determined. We assessed stroke mortality using Austrian national statistical data from Statistics Austria ...

Hormone therapy to postmenopausal females increases the risk and severity of ischemic stroke. Our previous work using an animal model of menopause (reproductive senescence) shows that middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) causes a larger cortical-striatal infarct in this older acyclic group compared with younger females. Moreover, although estrogen treatment is ...

Prompt identification of the warning signs of ischemic stroke is critical to ensure appropriate and timely treatment. We implemented a 20-week public education campaign in one media market to increase community awareness of warning signs for stroke and the need to call 911. Telephone surveys were conducted in adults aged ...

The issue of stroke in young in India has long been of interest to neurologists in the country. The age group for stroke in young has been variable between different studies but perhaps should be restricted to 15-49 years as this age group tends to have a unique set of ...

Although many aspects of stroke are similar at both sexes, however, there are some differences and characteristics as well. The aim of this study was to analyze sex differences in patients with acute ischemic stroke (IS) regarding to risk factors, subtypes, stroke severity and outcome. From January 1st 2001 to ...

Age is the most important independent risk factor for stroke; however aging animals are rarely used in stroke studies. Previous work demonstrated that young male mice had more edema formation after an induced stroke than aging animals. An important contributor to cerebral edema formation is the Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC). We ...

Mechanical thrombectomy is a promising means of recanalizing acute cerebrovascular occlusions in certain situations. We sought to determine if increasing age adversely affects prognosis. We reviewed all Merci thrombectomy cases and compared patients younger than 80 years of age with older individuals. We compared these 2 age groups with respect ...

Stroke mostly occurs in elderly people and patient outcomes after stroke are highly influenced by age. A better understanding of the causes of stroke in the elderly might have important practical implications not only for clinical management, but also for preventive strategies and future health-care policies. In this Review, we ...