BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Loss of integrity in nonlesional white matter occurs as a fundamental feature of multiple sclerosis in adults. The purpose of our study was to evaluate DTI-derived measures of white matter microstructure in children with MS compared with age- and sex-matched controls by using tract-based spatial statistics.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Fourteen ...

We evaluated the diagnostic potential of 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24OHC) in cerebrospinal fluid. At a memory clinic, we investigated subjects with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI, n = 33), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients (n = 27), MCI patients with later progression into Alzheimer dementia at follow up (n = 10), and patients ...

The purpose of this study is to measure the macular pigment optical density and study its spatial profile as well as identify its determinant factors in a Central European population. The macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and its distribution were assessed in 228 eyes of 129 subjects using fundus reflectometry ...

AIMS: Reduced physical activity is associated with increased risk of heart failure (HF) in middle-aged individuals. We hypothesized that physical inactivity is also associated with greater HF risk in older individuals, and examined if the association was consistent for HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) vs. HF with a reduced ...

ABSTRACT:: Follicular counts from transverse sectioning of scalp biopsies have not been statistically scrutinized across disease entities in a standardized fashion. We applied uniform histological criteria and strict statistical measures to compare nonscarring and scarring alopecia. We studied 700 consecutive cases including 355 nonscarring alopecia [136 telogen effluvium, 115 alopecia ...

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are the results of a chemical reaction of reactive aldehydes, such as sugars, with amino acid side chains. AGEs can be formed by the heating process of the food and taken up with the diet. They are thought to be at least in part responsible ...

Density has been suggested to affect variation in extra-pair paternity (EPP) in avian mating systems, because increasing density promotes encounter rates and thus mating opportunities. However, the significance of density affecting EPP variation in intra- and interspecific comparisons has remained controversial, with more support from intraspecific comparisons. Neither experimental nor ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: A huge discrepancy was reported between ownership versus utilization of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs). To acquire the benefits of ITNs, households need to use and not merely own them. The objective of this study was to characterize the pattern of, and assess factors related to ITN use in ...

To compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based knee cartilage T2 measurements and focal knee lesions and 36-month changes in these parameters among knees of normal controls and knees of normal weight, overweight, and obese subjects with risk factors for knee osteoarthritis (OA). A total of 267 subjects ages 45-55 years from ...

If males and females affect reproduction differentially, understanding and predicting sexual reproduction requires specification of response surfaces, that is, two-dimensional functions that relate reproduction to the (numeric) densities of both sexes. Aiming at rigorous measurement of female per capita fertilization response surfaces, we conducted a multifactorial experiment and reanalyzed an ...

To characterize diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tensor eigenvalues (λ1, λ2, λ3), fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and radial diffusivity in healthy lumbar musculature. Seventeen healthy subjects (10 men, 7 women; mean age, 28 ± 7 years) were scanned using a 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging. Axial DTI was performed using 15 diffusion ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of a physical therapist to place surface markers on the skin over spinous process of C2, C4, C6, and C7 by evaluating the markers positioning using radiographs. A total of 39 healthy female subjects participated. From 39 subjects, 22 had ...

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) has often been attributed to abnormal hip and knee mechanics in females. To date, there have been few investigations of the hip and knee mechanics of males with PFP. The purpose of this study was to compare the lower extremity mechanics and alignment of male runners with ...

Chaetodactylus krombeini (Baker) (Acari: Chaetodactylidae) is a cleptoparasitic mite that negatively affects propagation of Osmia spp. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) for orchard pollination in the USA. This study was conducted to determine the effect of C. krombeini on mortality of male and female Osmia cornifrons, the Japanese hornfaced bee. A total of ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of patellofemoral osteoarthritis (OA) and to explore the association between radiographic patellofemoral OA and symptoms and function 12 years after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. METHODS: The study participants (n = 221) were consecutively included at the time of an ACL reconstruction in the period from 1990 to ...

Studies concerning the role of denture status on in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of tooth loss and denture status with clinical findings of TMD. The data were obtained from 6316 subjects aged ≥30 years from the Finnish Health 2000 Survey. ...

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: We aimed to investigate if recognised hormonal predictors of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) also influence the severity of RA. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-four incident RA cases identified by four different local and national registers, which had participated in a community-based health survey between 1991 and 1996, were included. ...

Radiological analysis of the epiphyses of the knee joint provides new valuable information, which may be used in combination with these well-established techniques in order to maximise the accuracy in the assessment of age of 18 years. A total of 215 antero-posterior radiographs of the knee was reviewed retrospectively in patients ...

BACKGROUND: Older adults compared with young adults have reduced strength and balance recovery ability. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether age, sex, and/or lower limb strength predicted the stepping strategy used to recover from a forward loss of balance. METHODS: Ninety-five, community-dwelling, older adults, aged 65-90 ...

To determine the histological patterns of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) degeneration during aging and in relation to changes in articular cartilage and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) across the entire adult age spectrum. Human knee joints (n=120 from 65 donors) were processed within 72 h of postmortem. Articular cartilage surfaces were ...

BACKGROUND: Studying recovery responses to loss of balance may help to explain why older adults are susceptible to falls. The purpose of the present study was to assess whether male and female older adults, that use a single or multiple step recovery strategy, differ in the proportion of lower limb ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hypothesis that a mechanical stimulus (30-minute walk) will produce a change in serum concentrations of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) that is associated with cartilage thickness changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Serum COMP concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 17 patients (11 ...

Medial shin pain (MSP) is a common complaint that may stop an athlete from running. No previous study has identified deficits in pelvic, hip or knee motion as potential contributing factors to MSP. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in kinematics during running between uninjured athletes ...

Anterior knee pain (AKP), also known as patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), is believed to be common in young, active females. A prevalence rate of 25% has been commonly cited in the literature. However, this rate may be more anecdotal than empirical. The purpose of this study was to estimate the ...

OBJECTIVES: Growth failure is a permanent sequelae in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The aim of the study was to compare pubertal growth in control and growth hormone (GH) treated JIA subjects. DESIGN: 64 children with JIA at a mean age of 10.38±2.80 years were enrolled and followed until final height ...

The purpose of this study was to examine dynamic stability control in older and younger adults while descending stairs. Thirteen older (aged 64-77years) and 13 younger (aged 22-29years) adults descended a staircase at their preferred speed. A motion capture system and three force plates were used to determine locomotion mechanics. ...

Sound epidemiological data are a basic requirement for decision making on the allocation of health care resources. Unfortunately, this is not the case in Estonia, where the paucity of epidemiological data has impeded health care planning for rheumatic conditions. The current paper presents the first effort to explore the epidemiology ...

INTRODUCTION: Gait impairment is a primary symptom of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM); however, little is known about specific kinetic and kinematic gait parameters. The objectives of the study were: (1) to compare gait patterns of people with untreated CSM to those of age- and gender-matched healthy controls; (2) to examine ...

To determine the possible diagnostic and prognostic value of cartilage biomarkers in early-stage progressive and nonprogressive knee osteoarthritis (OA) in a population-based cohort of middle-aged subjects with chronic knee pain. Design tibiofemoral (TF) and patellofemoral (PF) radiographs were graded in 128 subjects (mean age at baseline, 45 ± 6.2 years) in 2002, 2005, ...

The Knee Society scores and other outcome measures in patients aged 80 years or older (n = 51) who had mobile bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty performed in Tayside, Scotland, were reviewed retrospectively. The results were compared with those in younger age groups: "younger than 60 years" (n = 110), "60 ...

PURPOSE: Less lean body mass may limit one's ability to produce adequate muscle forces to safely control landing from a jump, thus increasing the risk for injury. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of lower extremity lean mass (LELM) and eccentric muscle strength on lower ...

BACKGROUND:Elite throwing athletes have increased proximal humeral retrotorsion (HRT) and glenoid retroversion (GRV) in their throwing shoulders compared with their nonthrowing shoulders. These adaptive morphologic changes are thought to be independently protective against shoulder injury; however, their relationship to each other is poorly understood. PURPOSE:To determine if an association exists ...

An external device ("the Rottometer") was especially designed to measure passive knee rotation in vivo. The device had earlier been evaluated with respect to it's validity and reliability. In the present study, we evaluated knee rotation in knee-healthy individuals and studied possible age and gender related differences. Measurements of total ...

The relation between early joint attention (in which a child coordinates attention between another person and an object or event) and later language and social outcomes was examined in younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (Sibs-ASD) and younger siblings of children with typical development (Sibs-TD). Initial levels of ...

The mechanical microenvironment of the chondrocytes plays an important role in cartilage homeostasis and in the health of the joint. The pericellular matrix, cellular membrane of the chondrocytes, and their cytoskeletal structures are key elements in the mechanical environment. The aims of this study are to measure the viscoelastic properties ...

We report the ten-year survival of a cemented total knee replacement (TKR) in patients aged < 55 years at the time of surgery, and compare the functional outcome with that of patients aged > 55 years. The data were collected prospectively and analysed using Kaplan-Meier survival statistics, with revision for ...

The multifactorial nature of disability makes it difficult to point out a specific cause for limitations in participation. The conceptual framework of the WHO-ICF (International Classification of Function, Disability and Health) was used to study the determinants participation in patients with severe haemophilia. Outcome was assessed in a single-centre cohort ...

Skeletal maturation is divisible to three main components; the time of appearance of an ossification center, its change in morphology and time of fusion to a primary ossification center. With regard to the knee, the intermediate period between appearance and fusion of the ossification centers extends over a period of ...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe the prevalence of symptomatic knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) and its course over time, as well as identify prognostic factors of OA course and determinants of costs and access to care in France in a patient cohort. METHODS: Subjects aged 40 to 75 years, ...

To estimate the prevalence of diagnosed arthritis among U.S. adults and the proportion of arthritis-attributable activity limitation (AAAL) among those with arthritis by diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) status. We estimated prevalences and their ratios using 2008-2010 U.S. National Health Interview Survey of noninstitutionalized U.S. adults aged ≥ 18 years. Respondents' ...

PURPOSE: There is substantial evidence indicating an increase in the incidence of lower limb joint osteoarthritis with increasing age. One factor that may contribute to this is an age related reduction in the ability to attenuate the impulse generated during gait and step descent. SCOPE: The aim of this study ...

OBJECTIVE:: Men and women exhibit different movement patterns, which are thought to contribute to the increased incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in females. Although gender differences have been observed in movement, few studies have examined gender differences during different types of landings. DESIGN:: Prospective gender comparison study. SETTING:: Controlled ...

The frequency of interruptions in sedentary time (sedentary breaks) is an aspect of sedentary behaviors that may be associated with metabolic health outcomes. The aim of this study was to describe the change in the frequency of sedentary breaks during a 10-yr period from ages 5 to 15 yr. The ...

BACKGROUND: Patients with lower extremity osteoarthritis (OA) have increased all cause and disease specific mortality compared to the general population and epidemiological data suggests that OA management should include increased physical activity. AIM: To measure physical activity assessed as daily energy expenditure and accumulated steps day-1 in patients with severe ...

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of articular cartilage changes in the knee joint and to analyze predictive factors for these changes in patients undergoing arthroscopy for meniscal pathology. METHODS: Between March 2005 and June 2009, 1,010 patients underwent arthroscopic meniscectomy or meniscal repair by ...

Objective. To determine the prevalence of RA and its distribution among linguistic groups in the urban area of Kinshasa.Methods. Investigators questioned all individuals living in randomly chosen streets in five randomly chosen health areas in Kinshasa. Age, sex, linguistic group and rheumatic complaints were noted. RA diagnosis by 1987 ACR ...

Falls represent a significant health risk in the elderly and often result in injuries that require medical attention. Reduced ability to control motion of the whole-body center of mass (COM) has been shown to identify elderly people at risk of falling. To explore effective preventive strategies and interventions, we studied ...

The morphology of lesions in mouse models of osteoarthritis (OA) has not been comprehensively characterized, in part because current histological assessments of OA focus primarily on articular cartilage (AC). In the present study, sections of murine stifle joints with naturally occurring (aged animals) and surgically induced (destabilized medial meniscus, DMM) ...

BACKGROUND: Medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRT) have a different clinical effect from other types of meniscal tears. These tears are very common among Asian people and may be related to the frequent use of postures such as the lotus position or squatting. PURPOSE: The present study was designed to ...

The aim of the present study was to examine differences in gait characteristics across the adult lifespan and to test the hypothesis that such differences are attributable at least in part to the decline in muscle strength. The data presented here are from 190 participants of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study ...