Internet addiction is the inability to control one's use of the Internet and is related to impulsivity. Although a few studies have examined neurophysiological activity as individuals with Internet addiction engage in cognitive processing, no information on spontaneous EEG activity in the eyes-closed resting-state is available. We investigated resting-state EEG ...

This study investigated sex differences between the EEGs of Combined and Inattentive types of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) within boys and girls aged 8-12years. Subject groups included 80AD/HD Combined type (40 boys and 40 girls), 80AD/HD Inattentive type (40 boys and 40 girls) and 80 controls (40 boys and 40 girls). ...

This study was designed to determine how gastric bypass affects the sympathetically-mediated component of resting energy expenditure (REE) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). We measured REE before and after beta-blockade in seventeen female subjects approximately three years post-gastric bypass surgery and in nineteen female obese individuals for comparison. We ...

Questionnaires are commonly used to assess physical activity in large population-based studies because of their low cost and convenience. Many self-report physical activity questionnaires have been shown to be valid and reliable measures, but they are subject to measurement errors and misreporting, often due to lengthy recall periods. Mobile phones ...

It has been shown that caloric restriction (CR) delays aging and possibly delays the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We conjecture that the mechanism may involve interoceptive cues, rather than reduced energy intake per se. We determined that hunger alone, induced by a ghrelin agonist, reduces AD pathology and improves ...

A positive family history (FH) is a risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our aim was to examine the effects of FH on pathological and neuronal loss biomarkers across the cognitive spectrum. Cross-sectional analyses of data from a national biomarker study. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative national study. 257 ...

In addition to adipocytokines, estradiol (E2) and vitamin D have been reported to affect insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis and body weight. However, studies about the impact of E2 and vitamin D on metabolic syndrome (MetS) are still limited. The aim of this study is to clarify the roles of circulating ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Some studies have investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among adolescents, but their results have been discrepant and few paid attention to the role of gender. The present investigation aimed to assess the relationship between weight status and HRQoL in ...

The reprograming effects of prenatal testosterone (T) treatment on postnatal reproductive parameters have been studied extensively in females of several species but similar studies in males are limited. We recently found that prenatal T treatment increases Sertoli cell number and reduced spermatogenesis in adult rams. If such disruptions are manifested ...

Neuroendocrine abnormalities, such as activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, are associated with obesity; however, few large-scale population-based studies have examined HPA axis and markers of obesity. We examined the cross-sectional association of the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and diurnal salivary cortisol curve with obesity. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The role of inflammation and oxidative stress in mild renal impairment in the elderly is not well studied. Accordingly, we aimed at investigating the associations between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), and markers of different inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress in a community based cohort ...

PURPOSE: To study subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in adult Chinese subjects and its correlation with ocular biometric parameters, refractive error, and age. DESIGN: Population-based longitudinal study. PARTICIPANTS: The population-based Beijing Eye Study 2011 included 3468 individuals with a mean age of 64.6±9.8 years (range, 50-93 years). METHODS: A detailed ophthalmic ...

BACKGROUND: -Beta-blockers have little effectiveness in preventing vasovagal syncope in unselected populations, but they might be effective in older patients. We determined whether beta-blockers prevent vasovagal syncope in an age-related fashion. METHODS AND RESULTS: -Two populations were studied. A proportional hazards analysis was performed on an observational cohort study of ...

Aging research was hindered because of the long lifespan of available vertebrates. Annual fishes of Nothobranchius have become a new model organism for aging studies. Resveratrol, a natural plant-derived chemical, prolongs lifespan in many animals. Here we used the wild strain of N. guentheri, which has the mean lifespan of ...

SUMMARY AT A GLANCE: The results showed that the MFBIA-derived TBW change has the best agreement with acute clinical volume change during hemodialysis compared to ECV or ICV change alone in ESRD patients during hemodialysis, but not good assess the nutritional status. ABSTRACT: Objective:  To determine the precision of multi-frequency ...

We investigated the impact of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) on the carotid elastic properties. Carotid artery parameters (diameter distensibility (DD), cross-sectional distensibility (CSD), diameter compliance (DC), cross-sectional compliance (CSC), and incremental elastic modulus (IEM)) were measured in a cross-sectional study using a standard ultrasound with a 10-MHz linear ...

The increasing use of nanosilver in consumer products and the likelihood of environmental exposure warrant investigation into the toxicity of nanosilver to aquatic organisms. A series of studies were conducted comparing the potency of nanosilver to ionic silver (Ag(+) ) at acute and sublethal levels using two test organisms (Daphnia ...

Current demographic trends suggest that there will be increasing numbers of older people in the future. Relatively little information is available regarding factors which influence mortality in the acutely unwell oldest old. This study uses the CART technique on data relating to the oldest old, to identify potential predictors of ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the annual incidence of acute whiplash injuries after road traffic crashes in a geographic catchment area in Northern Sweden during the period 2000-2009. DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology determined by prospectively collected data from a defined population. SETTING: The study was conducted at a public hospital in Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: ...

SUMMARY To determine the burden and distribution of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) in the population, a cross-sectional, monthly face-to-face survey of 10 959 residents was conducted in Jiangsu province between July 2010 and June 2011. The adjusted monthly prevalence was 4·7% with 0·63 AGI episodes/person per year. The prevalence was ...

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess life goal achievements in long-term survivors (LTS) receiving cranial radiotherapy (CRT) as central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during childhood, compared to healthy individuals. Participants in this study were 141 LTS treated in our center from 1961 ...

AIMS: The physiopathology of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is poorly understood. Animal studies suggest an alteration in the balance of neurotransmitters gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. The aim of this study was to obtain a better knowledge of the physiopathology of AWS, which could open new therapeutic approaches. OBJECTIVES: ...

BACKGROUND: The present study investigated the monthly variation of acute appendicitis and its association with climatic factors (ambient temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, rainfall, and hours of sunshine) using a nationwide population-based data set in Taiwan. METHODS: We identified 237,760 first-time hospitalizations for acute appendicitis from 2000 to 2009. We ...

The RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage) classification is widely used to gauge the severity of acute kidney injury, but its efficacy has not been formally tested in geriatric patients. To correct this we conducted a prospective observational study in a multicenter cohort of 3931 elderly patients (65 years ...

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal-proBNP (NT-proBNP) are increasingly recognized as prognostic markers in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The need for novel and more effective tools for risk assessment cannot be more emphasized than in older patients with ACS given their atypical presentation, multiple comorbidities, and higher risk ...

Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) for which early treatment improves prognosis. The recent increase in prevalence has not been reflected in the literature. The aim of our study was to analyse all native kidney biopsies performed from 1994 to 2009 and included ...

This study aimed to describe a 10-year epidemiological trend of patients with first-attack acute pancreatitis (AP) in Taiwan. We analyzed 107,349 patients with first-attack AP from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 2000 and 2009. Severe cases were defined according to a modified Atlanta classification. Incidence rates were ...

Cough is one of the commonest reasons for medical consultation and acute cough associated with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) a global problem. In otherwise healthy volunteers complaining of cough associated with symptoms of URTI, we aimed to assess objective and subjective measures of cough, their repeatability and perform power ...

The antineoplastic quinolone derivative vosaroxin (SNS-595, Sunesis, South San Francisco, CA, USA) was first described in 2002. It represents a novel class of anticancer drugs and is currently in a Phase III clinical trial for relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML is the most common form of acute ...

We examined the quality of life (QOL) and physical function over the first three cycles of intensive chemotherapy in 103 newly diagnosed younger (18-59 years, n=64) and older adults (age 60 or older, n=39) with acute myeloid leukemia. Both QOL and physical function were worse than normative data. QOL was ...

Telomere shortening, a well-known marker of aging and cellular stress, occurs under several conditions in the hematopoietic compartment, including aplastic anemia and following iatrogenic noxae. We decided to verify whether pathological telomere erosion also arises in restored Philadelphia-negative (Ph-negative) hematopoiesis following successful treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Eighty-one CML ...

Older age has historically been an adverse prognostic factor in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To the authors' knowledge, the impact of age relative to that of other prognostic factors on the outcome of patients treated in recent trials is unknown. Clinical outcome and causes of treatment failure of 351 ...

Background: Delhi, a city in north India, has so far witnessed several reported outbreaks of dengue. Dengue in Delhi from being epidemic is slowly changing towards being endemic and hyper-endemic. Circulating type of the virus is also changing over the years. In the absence of an effective vaccine, dengue prevention ...

A variety of methods to prepare nanoparticle suspensions have been employed for aquatic toxicity tests, although they can influence the dispersion property and subsequent toxicity of nanoparticles. Thus, in this study, we prepared stock suspensions of silver (Ag) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles using different methods and compared their acute ...

ObjectivesAlthough it is well known that people with alcohol dependence are at a markedly elevated risk for suicide, much less is known about the role of acute alcohol use in suicidal behaviours. The primary aims of this epidemiological study were to assess the prevalence and factors associated with acute alcohol ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Reducing inequalities is one of the priorities of the National Health Service. However, there is no standard system for monitoring inequalities in the care provided by acute trusts. We explore the feasibility of monitoring inequalities within an acute trust using routine data. METHODS: A retrospective study of hospital ...

BACKGROUND: An association between childhood acute leukemia and advanced parental age was observed more than fifty years ago, and the association has been repeated in several, but not all, subsequent studies. In contrast to the many studies addressing childhood leukemia, few have included adult patients. METHODS: In this register-based case-control ...

Increasing numbers of travelers are visiting high altitude locations in the Andes. The epidemiology of acute mountain sickness (AMS) among tourists to high altitude in South America is not well understood. A cross-sectional study to evaluate the epidemiology, pre-travel preparation, and impact of AMS among travelers to Cusco, Peru (3,400 ...

Adolescent sexual risk-taking is common and often occurs under the influence of alcohol. Although alcohol use emerges in early adolescence, there is little empirical research examining whether growth in alcohol use during this developmental period predicts later risky sexual behavior. Such information could provide a critical opportunity for the prevention ...

The challenge hypothesis posits that acute increases in testosterone (T) during male-male competition enhance performance and survivability while limiting the physiological costs of consistently high T. Human challenge hypothesis research focuses on young men in industrial populations, who have higher baseline T levels than men in subsistence populations. We tested ...

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) remains a common cause of clinic visits and hospitalizations in the United States, but the etiology is rarely determined. We performed a prospective, multicenter emergency department-based study of adults with AGE. Subjects were interviewed on presentation and 3-4 weeks later. Serum samples, rectal swab specimens, and/or whole ...

Aim  While drinking in the event is an important factor in injury occurrence, the pattern of usual drinking may also be important in risk of injury. Explored here is the relationship of an alcohol-related injury with an individual usual drinking pattern. Design  Alcohol-related injury is examined using hierarchical linear models, ...

High sensitive cardiac Troponin T (hs-cTnT) represents an important tool in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis. Even though the hs-cTnT evaluation is relevant for AMI diagnosis in elderly patients characterized by clinical and instrumental atypical presentation, the overall reliability in elderly patients is unknown. We aimed at: (1) defining the ...

SUMMARYInfluenza causes severe illness and deaths, and global surveillance systems use different clinical case definitions to identify patients for diagnostic testing. We used data collected during January 2007-July 2010 at hospital-based influenza surveillance sites in western Kenya to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for eight ...

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and reduced intensity conditioning (RIC)/nonmyeloablative (NMA) conditioning hematopoietic cell transplants (HCTs) have changed the therapeutic strategy for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients. We analyzed post-HCT outcomes of 306 CML patients reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research aged 40 years and older ...

BACKGROUND: Acute alcohol intoxication is a frequent cause of emergency department (ED) visits. Evaluating a patient's alcohol intoxication is commonly based on both a physical examination and determination of blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Objective: To demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of using a last-generation infrared breath analyzer as a non-invasive ...

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an acute, multifocal, monophasic, inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that affects predominantly children. Aim of the study was to evaluate the distribution of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class II haplotype in adult ADEM patients, in order to better characterize this rare clinical ...

Aging is associated with a pro-oxidant state and a decline in endothelial function. Whether acute, enteral antioxidant treatment can reverse this decrement in vascular function is not well known. Flow-mediated vasodilation and reactive hyperemia were evaluated after consumption of either placebo or an oral antioxidant cocktail (vitamin C, 1000 mg; ...

To measure the increase in volume and age-specific rates of presentations to public hospital emergency departments (EDs), as well as any changes in ED length of stay (LOS); and to describe trends in ED utilisation. Population-based retrospective analysis of Department of Health public hospital ED data for metropolitan Melbourne for ...

PurposeTo evaluate the growth of children after repair of Tetralogy of Fallot, as well as the influence of residual lesions and socio-economic status. METHODS: A total of 17 children, including 10 boys with a median age of 16 months at surgery, were enrolled in a retrospective cohort, in a tertiary ...