A growing body of evidence suggests that individuals who differ in taste perception differ in lingual tactile perception. To address this issue, spatial resolution acuity was estimated for 83 young adult females (52 Asians and 31 Caucasians) by their ability to examine with the tongue and identify embossed letters of ...

OBJECTIVE: a cross-sectional study was used to compare the balance ability of older people with and without visual impairment. SETTING: Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Jockey Club Rehabilitation Complex and the Pok Oi Hospital Jockey Club care and attention homes for aged individuals. SUBJECTS: a total of 66 subjects, 65 ...

To determine age-related changes in retinal response dynamics derived from multifocal electroretinograms (mfERGs). MfERG data were obtained from 70 subjects with normal phakic eyes, age 9 to 80 years. Whereas the first- and higher-order kernels resulting from the mfERG contain detailed information regarding the nonlinear response dynamics of the retina, ...

BACKGROUND: Reviews on the prevalence of blindness and low vision in persons of age 20 to 59 years are lacking. We have therefore carried out a review based on a Medline search. METHODS: The review was confined to epidemiological studies performed in Western Europe, North America and Australia covering the ...

The effect of aging on the time of spontaneous perceptual alternation in binocular rivalry was examined in 59 subjects. An earlier study reported the change of alternation time by comparing middle-age and elderly subjects. We also observed age-related prolongation in alternation time by comparing subjects in a lower age group ...

To quantify factors affecting test-retest variability of threshold measurements over a series of 3 serial visual fields (VF). Prospective comparative observational study. Forty-one normals, 10 suspects and 35 stable glaucoma patients. All subjects performed 3 standard and 3 short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) VFs. At each VF location, severity (defined as ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the population registered as blind in Israel and estimate the prevalence and incidence of blindness, by age, sex and the causes of blindness. METHODS: Israel has maintained a Registry for the Blind since 1987. Patients are identified by ophthalmologists and registered if they have a visual acuity ...

BACKGROUND: The short and long term variability of the interrupter technique was assessed to determine whether interrupter resistance is a stable individual characteristic over time. The effect of field and standardised measurement conditions on the within-subject variability of the interrupter technique was also examined. METHODS: The interrupter technique was studied ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In the coming two decades significant increases in the burden of blindness are anticipated unless concerted efforts are made to improve eye care in developing countries. Evidence of changing prevalence rates or numbers of blind people are few. The change in blindness prevalence and the number of blind people ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the contribution of stimulus and response differences to the different developmental courses of grating and optotype visual acuity at the preschool age range. METHODS: Binocular visual acuity at 228 cm was assessed in 205 children in 7 age groups between 2.5 and 6 years and in 12 ...

PURPOSE: It has been reported that greater age-related losses in sensitivity occur for short-wavelength visual stimuli than for medium- and long-wavelength visual stimuli. The purpose of the current experiment was to determine to what extent optical, receptoral, and postreceptoral factors contribute to these age-related changes in color vision. METHODS: One ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of blindness and vision impairment in a rural population of southern India. DESIGN: A population-based cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 17200 subjects aged 6 years or older, including 5150 subjects aged 40 years or older from 50 clusters representative of three southern districts of ...

The common nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) is a crepuscular species known to use visual signals for agonistic and sexual communication. To test the hypothesis that white plumage patches function in visual communication of reproductive quality, we measured the size of white patches present on the wing, tail and throat of the ...

A total of 92 participants, 50 younger (mean age 26.3 years) and 42 older (mean age 63.8 years), were tested for visual-field asymmetries. On a word-matching task, a right-visual-field (RVF) advantage increased with age, consistent with the theory that right-hemispheric function shows relatively greater decline with age than left-hemispheric function. ...

AIM: To determine the age, sex, and cause specific prevalences of blindness and visual impairment in adults 30 years of age and older in Bangladesh. METHODS: A nationally representative sample of 12 782 adults 30 years of age and older was selected based on multistage, cluster random sampling with probability ...

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to determine the color and surface chemistry changes of two fiber-reinforced composites and one "advanced composite" as a function of an accelerated aging process by light exposure and water spray. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three composites (Artglass, Targis, and Conquest Sculpture) were assessed for ...

BACKGROUND: Surveys have been conducted to measure prevalence of eye disease in Africa, but not of incidence, which is needed to forecast trends. The incidence of visual loss is reported in southwest Uganda. METHODS: A rural population residing in 15 neighbouring villages was followed between 1994-5 (R1) and 1997-8 (R2). ...

The blue sensitive mechanism in human colour vision is highly susceptible to damage in ocular disease. There is a need for objective methods to assess this and several methods of recording the blue cone (S-cone) electroretinogram (ERG) have been described. We therefore compared a silent substitution technique (SST) and a ...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP, i.e., blue-yellow) in normal volunteers and to review the current normal values provided by the manufacturer. METHODS: 28 eyes of 28 normal subjects (age range 21-48 years, mean age 36.5 years) had SWAP (Octopus 101, two phases ...

AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine what difference using room temperature ("cold") or body temperature ("warm") contrast medium had on the outcome of MCUG examinations in infants under 1 year of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred infants (50 males and 50 females) referred for an MCUG ...

BACKGROUND: We previously reported an Ser50Thr mutation in the NRL gene as a cause of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristic features of the autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa phenotype associated with the NRL Ser50Thr mutation in affected individuals from 4 related families. METHODS: Clinical records were available ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the age-related change in contrast sensitivity seen in a middle-aged to elderly Japanese population. METHODS: Contrast sensitivity and visual acuity were measured in subjects aged 40 to 79 years randomly recruited from a community in Aichi prefecture near Nagoya, Japan. Contrast sensitivity tests were performed using the ...

Functional imaging studies in blind subjects have shown tactile activation of cortical areas that normally subserve vision, but whether blind people have enhanced tactile acuity has long been controversial. We compared the passive tactile acuity of blind and sighted subjects on a fully automated grating orientation task and used multivariate ...

This study aimed at investigating the possible dissociation between visual and spatial working memory (WM) by means of two different experiments. In the first experiment, a WM test for visual material and for spatial information was given to a group of 202 normally developing children (chronological age 7 years 5 ...

PURPOSE: To collect data on refractive errors and visual impairment in adults with an intellectual disability (ID) in the Netherlands. PATIENTS: A randomized sample of 2100 participants was drawn from a base population of 9000 adults with intellectual disabilities in the Netherlands. This article reports on the first 900 participants. ...

PURPOSE: To examine the aging changes in the amplitude of apparent accommodation in eyes with a monofocal intraocular lens (IOL). DESIGN: Prospective comparative observational study. METHODS: Two hundred eyes of 200 patients who were scheduled for phacoemulsification and monofocal IOL implantation were studied. Forty patients in each of five age ...

PURPOSE: To compare the changes with increasing age of ERG parameters in relation to clinical data in two distinct phenotypes of genetically determined, dominantly inherited macular drusen: malattia leventinese (ML) and Zermatt macular dystrophy (ZMD). METHODS: Ganzfeld rod- and cone-electroretinograms (ERGs) from 15 patients affected with ML and 14 patients ...

PURPOSE: Variation in stereoacuity was examined in a large group of observers with Snellen acuity of 20/30 or less. METHODS: Threshold retinal disparity for 2.78 degrees x 2.28 degrees rectangular test stimuli was determined as a function of the retinal disparity (varied from 55 arcmin uncrossed to 55 arcmin crossed) ...

The visual perception of size in different regions of external space was studied in Parkinson's disease (PD). A group of patients with worse left-sided symptoms (LPD) was compared with a group with worse right-sided symptoms (RPD) and with a group of age-matched controls on judgements of the relative height or ...

Visuomotor adaptation to a gradual or sudden screen cursor rotation was investigated in healthy young and elderly subjects. Both age groups were equally divided into two subgroups; one subgroup was exposed to 11.25 degrees step increments of visual feedback rotation, every 45 trials (up to a total of 90 degrees), ...

In this study, we sought to better define the limit of spatial resolution at the fingertips of elderly participants (n = 30, age 60-95 years) using an extended set of JVP grating domes, incorporating four new grating dimensions (2.5-, 3.5-, 4.0- and 4.5-mm width). A secondary aim was to examine ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the longitudinal change in visual acuity (VA) in the oldest members of the elderly population, to estimate future numbers of people with visual impairments, and to estimate needs for and the effects of visual rehabilitation. METHODS: In the Gerontological and Geriatric Population Studies in Gothenburg, Sweden (H ...

We used a visual evoked-potential measure to study the development of two components of pattern vision, vernier acuity and grating acuity, in humans from early infancy through adolescence. These two visual functions develop at similar rates and have nearly the same absolute values between 1 month and 6 years of ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) on mobility performance and to identify the vision determinants of mobility in subjects with ARMD. METHODS: Walking speed and the number of obstacle contacts made on a 79-m indoor mobility course were measured in 21 subjects with ARMD and 11 ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Past studies have explored some of the associations between particular motor and sensory characteristics and specific categories of non-neurological infantile nystagmus. The purpose of this case study is to extend this body of work significantly by describing the trends and associations found in a database of 224 subjects who ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the differences in demographic variables, glaucoma risk factors, and visual acuity by type of screening site. METHODS: We conducted glaucoma screenings throughout the city of Baltimore. A questionnaire collected information about age, race, and risk factors: having a relative with glaucoma, having diabetes, having a past eye ...

Basic color categories are thought to share a common pattern across linguistic groups, yet the focal colors defining those categories can vary substantially within any single group. We asked whether focal colors can also differ systematically across different groups of individuals living in potentially different color environments, by measuring focal ...

OBJECTIVE: Our vestibular function is gradually deteriorating during aging, although, its behavioral consequences are not easily recognized due to a substitution process by other sensory modalities as visual or proprioceptive inputs. METHODS: To reveal such a hidden substitution process by visual signals, the measurement of the static as well as ...

AIM: To analyse the clinical characteristics of patients on the Bradford Low Vision Register with regards to the type (partially sighted or blind), sex, race, causes and age at registration. METHODS: All the data were obtained from the Morley Street Resource Centre, which keeps records of all registrations in the ...

PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence of pterygium and its influence on visual acuity in aged population of Doumen County, southern China. METHODS: A population-based survey was conducted in Doumen County, the rural area of southern China. Twenty-seven sample units were selected by random sampling. The prevalence and severity of pterygium ...

AIMS: To estimate the magnitude and the causes of blindness through a community based nationwide survey in Oman. This was conducted in 1996-7. METHODS: A stratified cluster random sampling procedure was used to select 12 400 people. The WHO/PBD standardised survey methodology was used, with suitable adaptation. The major causes ...

PURPOSE: To measure the rate of progression of retinal degeneration in patients with retinitis pigmentosa due to dominant rhodopsin mutations and to determine whether the rate of progression correlates with the location of the altered amino acid in the rhodopsin molecule. METHODS: Change in ocular function was observed for an ...

The measure of visual reaction time has been used to evaluate the processing speed of Central Nervous System and the co-ordination between the sensory and motor systems. As the reaction time is influenced by different factors, the impact of psychological stress, gender effect and the colour of objects in modulating ...

AIMS: To measure the prevalence of visual impairment in a large representative sample of people aged 75 years and over participating in the MRC trial of assessment and management of older people in the community. METHODS: 53 practices in the MRC general practice research framework. Data were obtained from 14 ...

AIM: To summarise available data on the prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness in the Americas and the Caribbean. METHODS: The published literature was searched in Medline and LILACS using the following key words: blindness, visual impairment, prevalence. Articles were reviewed, and the references of the articles were ...

The salience of bilateral symmetry varies as a function of the orientation of the symmetry axis. Vertical symmetry is most salient, followed by horizontal and then oblique orientations. We tested symmetry detection in different age groups to determine whether performance of this intermediate-level visual task is affected by normal, nonpathological ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the causes of blindness and visual impairment in a population-based sample of Hispanics. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: A random sample of 4774 Hispanic residents of Santa Cruz and Pima Counties in Southern Arizona aged 40 years and older who participated in Proyecto VER (Vision Evaluation and ...

BACKGROUND: An anomaly in the retinal adaptation processes to the decreased light exposure in winter has been suggested as a contributing factor in winter depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate seasonal variations in rod sensitivity in normal subjects and in subjects with seasonal mood variations. METHODS: Nine ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess factors associated with falls in the past month, including visual acuity and other vision-related variables. METHODS: A household census was used to recruit permanent residents aged 40 years and older for baseline examinations of the Melbourne Visual Impairment Project conducted from 1992-94. At the five-year follow-up examinations, ...

PURPOSE: To determine how the duration of early strabismus influences the severity of loss of disparity sensitivity in V1 neurons and the effects of extensive poststrabismus visual experience on the maintenance of functional binocular connections. METHODS: Concomitant strabismus was optically simulated in 10 rhesus monkeys using a prism-rearing procedure. The ...