PURPOSE: Prolonged sitting time (ST) is associated with higher mortality. However, previous studies used only a single measure of ST at baseline, so they could not directly assess the impact of continued exposure to high ST, or of changes in ST, on mortality. We prospectively assessed the association of continued ...

PURPOSE: Paracetamol (acetaminophen, APAP) overdose is often fatal due to progressive and irreversible hepatic necrosis. The aim of this work was to design Andrographolide (AG) loaded nanoparticles to prevent similar hepatic necrosis. METHODS: Functionalized AG-loaded PLGA nanoparticles carrying different densities of heparin were prepared following a facile emulsion solvent evaporation ...

The adrenal steroid, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), is generally regarded as being a reliable endocrine marker of aging, because in humans and nonhuman primates its circulating concentrations are very high during young adulthood, and the concentrations then decline markedly during aging. Despite promising results from early studies, we were recently surprised ...

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) declines with age and low endogenous DHEAS concentrations have been associated with obesity. In addition, DHEAS has been studied for its role in mood and wellbeing. However, limited data are available on salivary DHEAS concentrations in African Americans. Thus, we examined age-related changes in morning salivary DHEAS ...

The nanostructure and nanomechanical properties of aggrecan monomers extracted and purified from human articular cartilage from donors of different ages (newborn, 29 and 38 year old) were directly visualized and quantified via atomic force microscopy(AFM)-based imaging and force spectroscopy. AFM imaging enabled direct comparison of full length monomers at different ...

Ageing poses one of the largest risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The increased propensity towards vascular pathology with advancing age maybe explained, in part, by a reduction in the ability of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to contribute to vascular repair and regeneration. While there is ...

The activities of steroid sulphatase (StS) and estrogen sulphotransferase (EST) were determined in the epididymis of 18 boars. The animals were divided into three groups (n=6) according to age (8, 12 and 16 months). The boars were anesthetized and castrated. The tissue samples of different epididymal parts (caput, corpus and ...

The Toba supereruption in Sumatra, ∼74 thousand years (ka) ago, was the largest terrestrial volcanic event of the Quaternary. Ash and sulfate aerosols were deposited in both hemispheres, forming a time-marker horizon that can be used to synchronize late Quaternary records globally. A precise numerical age for this event has ...

Background: Earlier studies have shown that individuals with thalidomide embryopathy can have skeletal deformities, ear and eye aberrations, and facial palsy. This study aimed to survey the frequency and characteristics of facial palsy in this group of individuals. Participants: Thirty-one individuals with thalidomide embryopathy (age range, 45-47 years) and 25 ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the macular thickness (MT), ganglion cell complex (GCC), and circum-papillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: A total of 169 subjects were enrolled: ...

The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive review on hormone-based pathophysiology of aging of the optic nerve and glaucoma, including a literature review and expert opinions. Glaucoma, a group of intraocular pressure-related optic neuropathies, is characterized by the slow progressive neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their ...

PURPOSE: To explore the relationship of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (ppRNFL) thinning in individuals exposed to the antiepileptic drug vigabatrin with respect to 2 separate variables: cumulative vigabatrin exposure and severity of vigabatrin-associated visual field loss (VAVFL). DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. PARTICIPANTS: Subjects were older than 18 years, 129 ...

Purpose:To determine normative diffusion values of the median nerve at several anatomic locations in healthy men and women of variable age and to compare these normative values with those in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.Materials and Methods:After ethics board approval and written informed consent were obtained, 45 healthy volunteers (30 ...

OBJECTIVE: We sought to standardize 3-dimensional anatomic positioning of the mandibular foramen (MnF) for inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia. STUDY DESIGN: Three-dimensional mandibular computerized tomography (CT) images were reconstructed from data for 49 patients aged 8-16 years (growth group) and 59 patients aged 18-25 years (adult group). To measure MnF ...

Aim: To determine whether there is a significant correlation between optic nerve head circulation determined by pulse wave analysis of laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG), and the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), left ventricular (LV) function, and age.Methods: Forty-nine men who visited the Vascular Function Section of Toho University Sakura Medical Center, ...

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating progressive lung disease with an average survival of only 3 to 5 years. The mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of IPF are poorly understood, and treatments available have only modest effect on disease progression. Interestingly, the incidence of IPF is approximately 60 ...

To assess age- and sex-specific myasthenia gravis (MG) occurrence and incidence in the different geographical regions in Norway and thereby to identify factors that may contribute to the development of MG. Multiple Poisson regression analysis was used to assess variation in incidence dependent on year, gender and onset age in ...

To determine the etiology of optic neuritis in patients of different ages in China. Records of optic neuritis patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, General PLA Hospital, Beijing, between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 132 patients were divided into ...

PURPOSE: To measure the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in normal schoolchildren with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and to evaluate the effects of age, spherical equivalent (SE) refraction, OCT signal strength, and cycloplegic treatment on RNFL thickness. METHODS: Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were performed at a school ...

To evaluate the association between age and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured by Cirrus high-definition (HD) spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in healthy Korean subjects. A total of 302 eyes from 155 healthy Korean subjects (age range, 20 to 79 years) underwent RNFL thickness measurements using ...

The glomeruli are the first synaptic relay on the olfactory pathway and play a basic role in smell perception. Glomerular degeneration occurs in humans with age and in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The glomeruli heavily express β-amyloid precursor protein (APP), β -secretase (BACE1) and γ-secretase complex. However, extracellular Aβ deposition occurs ...

Sexual dimorphism is responsible for a substantial part of human facial variability, the study of which is essential for many scientific fields ranging from evolution to special biomedical topics. Our aim was to analyse the relationship between size variability and shape facial variability of sexual traits in the young adult ...

The objective of this study was to define the behavioral, electrophysiological, and morphological characteristics of spontaneous autoimmune peripheral polyneuropathy (SAPP) in female B7-2 deficient non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. A cohort of 77 female B7-2 deficient and 31 wild-type control NOD mice were studied from 18 to 40 weeks of age. ...

: Conflicting data exist on the contributions of advancing age and childbirth on the structure and function of the anal sphincter. This study aimed to examine the relative contributions of age and childbirth in a large cohort of women referred for investigation of symptoms of colorectal dysfunction (fecal incontinence and ...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To assess the normative size of the cochlear nerve (CN) and facial nerve (FN) in normal-hearing ears and to determine whether nerve size varies with age. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. METHODS: We included 169 ears with normal hearing between 2005 and 2010. The height, width, and cross-sectional area (CSA) of ...

Post-injury nerve regeneration of the peripheral nervous system declines with age, but the mechanisms underlying the weakened axonal regeneration are not well understood. Increased synthesis and activity of the AP-1 transcription factor c-Jun have been implicated in efficient motor axonal regeneration. In the present study, we evaluated the hypothesis that ...

The peripheral taste system remains plastic during adulthood. Sectioning the chorda tympani (CT) nerve, which sends sensory information from the anterior tongue to the central nervous system, causes degeneration of distal fibers and target taste buds. However, taste function is restored after about 40 days in young adult rodents. We ...

Both the central and the peripheral nervous systems are prone to multiple age-dependent neurological deficits, often attributed to still unknown alterations in the function of myelinating glia. To uncover the biological processes affected in glial cells by aging, we analyzed gene expression of the Schwann cell-rich mouse sciatic nerve at ...

Skin is the most voluminous organ of the body. It assumes several important physiological functions and represents also a "social interface" between an individual and other members of society. This is the main reason its age-dependent modifications are in the forefront of dermatological research and of the "anti-aging" cosmetic industry. ...

We examined age-related changes in the human optic nerve (ON) from 10 postmortem donor eye samples (age: 21- to 94-year-old). In aged ON, many axons showed paucity of cytoskeleton, and possessed disorganized myelin that remained in the extracellular space. Lipid inclusions were detected in glia, as stained by oil red ...

Age-related hearing loss (presbyacusis) is the most common type of hearing impairment. One of the most consistent pathological changes seen in presbyacusis is the loss of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Defining the cellular and molecular basis of SGN degeneration in the human inner ear is critical to gaining a better ...

Introduction: Measuring the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer is a potential method of recognizing axon loss prior to the visual field abnormality. Objective: To study normal individuals to quantify peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in Asian Indian subjects. Materials and methods: This was a prospective study ...

OBJECTIVES: Age is the most prominent predisposition for development of osteoarthritis (OA). Age-related changes of articular cartilage are likely to play a role. Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) accumulate in cartilage matrix with increasing age and adversely affect the biomechanical properties of the cartilage matrix and influence chondrocyte activity. In clinical ...

Structural properties of SiO(x)C(y)-Ag nanocomposite thin films prepared by a dual process PVD-PECVD in the same reactor have been investigated. The experimental results have demonstrated the influence of a PECVD process carried out at room temperature for the growth of a dielectric matrix on the size and the distribution density ...

A recent surge in knee replacements is assumed to be due to aging and increased obesity of the U.S. population. To assess whether age, obesity, and change in radiographic knee osteoarthritis explain the trend in knee pain and osteoarthritis. Cross-sectional, using data from 6 NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination ...

Background: Age-related arterial alterations affecting cells, matrix and biomolecules are the main culprit for initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study is to gain further insights into the complex mechanism of elastic tissue ageing in human aortic blood vessels. Methods: One hundred and nineteen human aortic ...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of hemolysis and protease inhibitors on acylated ghrelin (AG) concentrations measured with a double antibody enzyme immunometric assay that uses an acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-Fab' conjugate. DESIGN AND METHODS: Samples were hemolysed or treated with PHMB (p-hydroxymercuribenzoate), PMSF (phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride) or AEBSF (4-(2-Aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride) to prevent AG ...

The human face provides a wealth of information pertaining to the internal state and life-stage history of an individual. Facial width-to-height ratio is a size-independent sexually dimorphic trait, and estimates of aggression made by untrained adults judging own-race faces were positively associated with both facial width-to-height ratio and actual aggressive ...

We performed genetic and immunohistochemical studies in a sister and brother with autosomal recessive neonatal inflammatory skin and bowel lesions. The girl died suddenly at 12 years of age from parvovirus B19-associated myocarditis; her brother had mild cardiomyopathy. We identified a loss-of-function mutation in ADAM17, which encodes a disintegrin and ...

Few studies have described the age-related changes in both peripheral and central systolic blood pressures (SBPs) in populations. We addressed this issue in 1066 women and 978 men, all untreated (mean age, 45.1 years; 27.2% hypertensive) and randomly selected from a Chinese population, of whom 369 and 330 underwent a ...

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity is implicated in the degradation of the extracellular matrix during cerebral ischemia. Although many studies have demonstrated spatiotemporal patterns of activation of gelatinases (MMP-9 and MMP-2) after ischemic stroke in young adult rodents, no data exist on MMP activity in old brains. In this study, we ...

It is well accepted that aging is one of the most prominent risk factors for the initiation and progression of osteoarthritis. One of the most pronounced age-related changes in chondrocytes is the exhibition of a senescent phenotype, which is the result of several factors including the accumulation of reactive oxygen ...

Different garlic products reduce the cerebral ischemic damage due to their antioxidant properties. In this work, we investigated the effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein levels and activity, and its role as a possible mechanism of neuroprotection in a cerebral ischemia model. Animals were subjected to ...

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare, progressive segmental premature aging disease that includes scleroderma-like skin, progressive joint contracture, and atherosclerosis. Affected individuals die prematurely of heart attacks or strokes. Extracellular matrix dysregulation is implicated as a factor in disease progression. We analyzed messenger RNA and protein levels for matrix ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inflammatory effects of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) through the receptor for AGE in meniscal cells from osteoarthritic knees, and examine effects of hyaluronan (HA) on AGE-induced inflammation. METHODS: Meniscal cells from human osteoarthritic knees were cultured with or without glycolaldehyde-AGE-bovine serum albumin and 800 kDa HA. The ...

To understand the neural generator of double-peak potentials and the change of latency and amplitude of double peaks with aging. In 50 healthy subjects made up of groups of 10 people per decade from the age of 20 to 60, orthodromic sensory nerve conduction studies were performed on the median ...

The present study investigates the histological alterations and expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in disc specimens of 43 patients who underwent surgery for lumbar disc herniation. The immunostaining for MMP-9 was evaluated semi-quantitatively. Histologic degeneration was scored between 0 and 12 depending on the degree of chondrocyte proliferation and ...

The cholinesterases, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase, are primary targets of organophosphates (OPs). Exposure to OPs can lead to serious cardiovascular complications, respiratory compromise, and death. Current therapy to combat OP poisoning involves an oxime reactivator (2-PAM, obidoxime, TMB4, or HI-6) combined with atropine and on occasion an anticonvulsant. Butyrylcholinesterase, administered ...

CCN-2, also known as connective tissue growth factor (CCN-2/CTGF) is a cysteine rich, extracellular matrix protein that acts as a pro-fibrotic cytokine in tissues in many diseases, including in diabetic nephropathy. We have published that soluble advanced glycation end products (AGEs), that are present in increased amounts in diabetes, induce ...

Human bone marrow stromal cells (hMSCs) have the potential to differentiate into osteoblasts; there are age-related decreases in their proliferation and differentiation to osteoblasts. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), when applied intermittently in vivo, has osteoanabolic effects in a variety of systems. In this study, we compared PTH signaling and osteoanabolic effects ...