BACKGROUND: Hyperalimentation for 4 weeks is associated with raised liver enzymes and liver fat content (LFC), which are two common features found in individuals with diabetes. AIM: We evaluated the effect of two mixed meal challenges on LFC, liver enzymes and serum bio-markers of liver injury and fibrosis in 16 healthy ...

BACKGROUND: Improved survival with chronic liver disease (CLD) and increased incidence in the older has led to a rapidly expanding population which faces similar "geriatric syndromes" as the general population. With risk factors such as autonomic dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and muscle abnormalities in CLD it is expected that falls and ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to investigate paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and aryl esterase (ARE) activities in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case-control study was done on 83 subjects with confirmed NAFLD (50 male, 33 female, age; 40.46±12.13 years) and 138 healthy individuals (75 ...

The objective of the present study was to investigate the levels of metals, namely cadmium, lead, and zinc, in Siberian gull (Larus heuglini) (n = 15), in order to: (1) examine the sex and gender related variation in trace metal accumulation, and (2) to determine the significant between metal concentrations in the ...

BACKGROUND&AIMS: Von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF-Ag) is elevated in patients with liver cirrhosis but the clinical significance is unclear. We hypothesized that vWF-Ag levels may correlate with portal pressure measured by hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and predict clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH, HVPG ≥10mmHg, decompensation and mortality. METHODS: Portal ...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection increases with advancing age, but elderly hepatitis C virus patients remain an understudied population. AIM: To define the virological, epidemiological and clinical profiles of Italian outpatients aged 65 years and over infected by hepatitis C virus. METHODS: We evaluated 1544 anti-hepatitis C ...

We tested the hypothesis that structural changes in the genome parallel age- and organ-specific phenotypes in conjunction with the differential transposition activities of retroelements. The genomes of the liver from C57BL/6J mice were larger than other organs, coinciding with an increase in genomic copies of certain retroelements. In addition, there ...

AIM: Telomeres, a validated biomarker of ageing, comprise multiple nucleotide repeats capping chromosomes that shorten with each cell cycle until a critical length is achieved, precipitating cell senescence. Only two previous studies studied the effect of aging in "normal" liver tissue, but were compromised by small sample size, limited age ...

Advanced age donors have inferior outcomes of liver transplantation for Hepatitis C (HCV). Aged donors grafts may be transplanted into young or low model for end stage liver disease (MELD) patients in order to offset the effect of donor age. However, it is not well understood how to utilize liver ...

This paper reports on the development of UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 (UGT1A9) in neonatal and pediatric liver. The substrate 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) with specific inhibition by niflumic acid was used to define specific UGT1A9 activity. Subsequently, in silico pharmacokinetic (PK) and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was used to determine UGT1A9 maturation and ...

Aging is a physiological process characterized with progressive functional decline in various organs over time. In order to reveal possible molecular mechanisms of altered xenobiotic disposition and toxicity in the elderly, age-dependent mRNA profiles of 101 xenobiotic processing genes (XPGs) were characterized in livers of male and female mice from ...

We aimed to assess the mechanisms responsible for hyperphagia and metabolic alterations caused by maternal moderate caloric restriction during gestation. Male and female offspring of control and 20% caloric-restricted rats (CR) were studied. They were fed a normal-fat diet until 4 months of age and then moved to a high-fat ...

Biological aging alters the metabolism and volume of adipose tissue depots. Recent evidence suggests that circadian mechanisms play a role in promoting adipogenesis, obesity, and lipodystrophy. The current study compared cohorts of younger (5-9 months) and older (24-28 months) C57BL/6 mice as a function of biological age and circadian time. Advanced age ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to characterize the relationship between the broad spectrum of hypothyroidism and NAFLD. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 4,648 health check-up subjects (2,324 cases with hypothyroidism versus age- and sex-matched controls) was conducted. The subjects were categorized as having either subclinical [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) ...

We used UPLC-Q-TOF MS to analyze hepatic metabolites of rats aged 6, 12, 18, and 24 months; the MS data were processed by partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to investigate the discrimination among sample groups. Rats were significantly separated with increasing age, except those aged between 6 and 12 months. ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Alcohol makes an important contribution to premature mortality in many countries in Eastern Europe, including Estonia. However, the full extent of its impact, and the mechanisms underlying it, are challenging issues to research. We describe the design and initial findings of a study aimed at investigating the association ...

SUMMARYKorea has recently experienced an increasing number of acute hepatitis A cases. We investigated the dynamics of hepatitis A and changes in the mean age of patients in a hospital in Seoul, Korea. Mean age increased consistently from 19 years in 1996 to 30 years in 2009 (P<0·0001). Between two ...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing. This study aimed to assess the recent prevalence of NAFLD and to predict the prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with liver fibrosis using established scoring systems in the general population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 8352 ...

This study assessed the association between vitamin D sufficiency (serum 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL) and alcohol consumption using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2009. The following characteristics were obtained in 7,010 Korean participants ≥19-years-of-age: serum 25(OH)D level, alcohol consumption (drinking frequency, drinking number of ...

Long-term temporal trends (1991-2008) and spatial differences of perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) were investigated in harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) liver samples of juvenile females from the Baltic and North Sea. Additionally, spatial differences between the populations in the Baltic Sea and Atlantic Ocean (i.e. Iceland and Norway) and the influence of ...

In our previous proteomic study in rat liver damaged by carbon tetrachloride, soluble catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) increased as a phosphorylated form and decreased as a dephosphorylated form. This finding raised the possibility that the COMT protein is associated with liver function. Thus, we hypothesized that (1) the COMT gene contributes to ...

to raise public awareness of the importance of early detection of airway obstruction (AO) and to enable many people who had not been tested previously to have their lung function measured, the European Lung Foundation (ELF) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) organized the Spirometry Tent during the annual ERS ...

Aging is associated with suboptimal CD8 T cell responses to viral infections. It is not clear whether these poor responses are due to environmental influences or quantitative and qualitative changes in the pool of responding CD8 T cells. Our studies demonstrated several deleterious age-related changes in the pool of Ag-specific ...

BACKGROUND: Racial disparity has been investigated in a number of cancers; however, there remains a comparative paucity of data in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined time-, age-, and gender-specific incidence, disease characteristics, and survival across and within races for adolescent/adult HL (age 10-79 years) diagnosed during 1992-2007 ...

Aging is a physiological process with a progressive decline of adaptation and functional capacity of the body. Bile acids (BAs) have been recognized as signaling molecules regulating the homeostasis of glucose, lipid, and energy. The current study characterizes the age-related changes of individual BA concentrations by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass ...

The exact pathophysiology of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is not known. Previous studies suggest that dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) can cause oxidative stress in liver. We aim to study the effects of dietary AGEs on liver health and their possible role in the pathogenesis of NASH. Two groups of ...

Background: Males have a higher prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than females in general, but the reasons for the sex disparity are still obscure. DNA copy number alteration (CNA) is a major feature of solid tumors including HCC, but whether CNA plays a role in sex-related differences in HCC development ...

Liver diseases and its complications is common health problem worldwide. The emergence of metabolic disorders as a cause after exclusion of viral hepatitis nowadays is important. This is retrospective study on 200 patient's age range from 6months to 18 years old (50 females and 150 males). The patients divided into ...

Objective: To assess the potential risk of hearing loss to young listeners, due to the use of personal listening devices (PLDs). Design: The study included two parts: (1) A self-report questionnaire on music listening habits, and (2) Physical measurements of preferred listening levels, in quiet and in everyday background noise. ...

Information about residents of institutional and noninstitutional group quarters (GQ), particularly those with disabilities, has been limited by gaps in survey data, and statistics based on data that exclude some or all GQ residents are biased as estimates of total population statistics. We used the 2006 and 2007 American Community ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of first season ballet classes in the community on the thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), hip external rotation (ER) and joint flexibility in young girls. DESIGN: Longitudinal single blinded cohort control study. SETTING: Institutional. PARTICIPANTS: 30 girls aged 6-9, recruited from the same primary ...

Oestrogen plays important roles not only in the regulation of reproductive function but also in other functions such as cognition, emotion and cardiovascular regulation. Oestrogen acts mainly via its receptor (ER), ER-α and ER-β, in target tissues including the brain. During ageing, oestrogenic actions are altered in both females and ...

INTRODUCTION: Many studies suggest the importance of the sagittal sacropelvic balance and morphology in spinal and hip disorders. This study describes the normal age- and sex-related changes in sacropelvic morphology and balance in a prospective cohort of asymptomatic adults without spinal disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort of 709 ...

Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells expressing a semi-invariant Vα14 TCR recognize self and foreign lipid Ags when presented by the nonclassical MHCI homolog CD1d. Whereas the majority of known iNKT cell Ags are characterized by the presence of a single α-linked sugar, mammalian self Ags are β-linked glycosphingolipids, posing the interesting ...

BACKGROUND: Obesity and associated metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk are correlated with reduced circulating adiponectin (APN) levels. Metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk is also increased after menopause and may be linked to disturbances in estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in adipose. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized thatage-associated estrogen (E(2))-deficiency alters the ERα/β ratio ...

The CD4+ T helper/inducer and the CD8+ T suppressor/cytotoxic are major lymphocyte subsets that play a key role in cell-mediated immunity. Aging-related changes of immune function have been demonstrated. The purpose of this study is to analyze the dynamics of variation of these specific lymphocyte subsets in the elderly. In ...

In the past few decades it has become clear that estrogen signaling plays a much larger role in modulating the cognitive centers of the brain than previously thought possible. We have developed a nonhuman primate (NHP) model to investigate the relationships between estradiol (E) and cognitive aging. Our studies of ...

Between the third millennium BP and the fifth century AD, there are numerous necropolises that house urns in the Iberian Peninsula. One example is the "Pi de la Lliura" (Vidreres, Girona). However, there is a dearth of research concerning these structures. The "Pi de la Lliura" housed 43 structures, which ...

One hundred and five (72 males; 33 females) consecutive patients who met the inclusion criteria were studied. The mean age of the patients was 49.06 +/- 11.27 years (range 23-73 years). Ninety patients were adult cirrhotics (age > or = 35 yrs) and the remaining 15 patients were young (age ...

Few empirical studies have been devoted to exploring behaviors occurring immediately following sexual intercourse. Therefore, this study conducts an exploratory investigation of various post-coital behaviors that the authors propose may reflect the divergent adaptive reproductive strategies of each sex as understood from an evolutionary perspective. An online questionnaire was administered ...

Changes in an individual's immune status are considered major contributing factors towards the morbidity of cancer and mortality of aging. To evaluate age-related changes in the immune status of dogs, the immunophenotypes (CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD21) of peripheral blood lymphocytes were measured in 160 healthy dogs aged from 1 ...

PURPOSE: There is significant inter-patient variability in the pharmacokinetics of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD). Identification of factors affecting the pharmacokinetics of PLD would enable personalization of therapy. We previously reported that age, gender, body composition, and monocytes affect the clearance of other liposomal agents. Therefore, we evaluated how these factors ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the changes in Myocardial Performance Index (MPI), Aortic Isthmus (AoI) and Ductus Venosus (DV) in term small-for-gestational age (SGA) fetuses with normal umbilical artery Doppler. METHODS: MPI, AoI and DV pulsatility indices (PI) were measured within one week of delivery in a cohort of 178 term singleton ...

The aim of this study was to review the use of clozapine in a Sydney area old age psychiatry service. Data were extracted from case files of all people who were treated in a health area's old age psychiatry units with clozapine during a 15-year period. Additional details were obtained ...

A database describing the range of normal rotator cuff strength values in uninjured high school pitchers has not been established. Chronologic factors that contribute to adaptations in strength also have not been established. To establish a normative profile of rotator cuff strength in uninjured high school baseball pitchers and to ...

Aging is characterized by a general decline in cellular function, which ultimately will affect whole body homeostasis. Although DNA damage and oxidative stress all contribute to aging, metabolic dysfunction is a common hallmark of aging at least in invertebrates. Since a comprehensive overview of metabolic changes in otherwise healthy aging ...

Age-related cognitive dysfunction, including impairment of hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory, affects approximately half of the aged population. Induction of a variety of neuroinflammatory measures has been reported with brain aging but the relationship between neuroinflammation and cognitive decline with non-neurodegenerative, normative aging remains largely unexplored. This study sought to ...

We investigated the hunting strategies of wild common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) to determine whether the strategies differed among animals of different age classes and/or prey type. The study was conducted in a fragment of Atlantic Rain Forest, situated 40 km from Recife (PE/Brazil). Twenty-seven individuals from four social groups were ...

Sedentary behavior is related to obesity, but measures of sedentary behaviors are lacking for adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) among overweight adults. Participants were 49 adults for the 2 week test-retest reliability study (67% female, 53% ...

This study used a three-wave longitudinal design to investigate developmental cascades among social competence and externalizing and internalizing behavioral adjustment in a normative sample of 117 children seen at 4, 10, and 14 years. Children, mothers, and teachers provided data. A series of nested path analysis models was used to ...