To evaluate the lifetime hazards of exposure to ionizing radiation, 1,680 beagles received whole-body exposures to 60Co gamma rays or sham exposures during development. Eight groups of 120 dogs each received mean doses of 16-18 or 81-88 cGy at 8, 28 or 55 days of gestation, or at 2 days ...

The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine measurements of adrenal glands from longitudinal sonograms, in a large population of dogs and to correlate these measurements to age, sex and descriptors of body size. Dogs were selected from the clinic population presented for routine abdominal ultrasonography between September, 1991 ...

PTC taste sensitivity distribution, determined using the Harris and Kalmus method, and analysis of thyroid activity using FT4 and TSH hormone assays were studied in a sample of 108 high-altitude subjects (3200 m) and in 90 lowlanders (900 m) from two different regions of Kirghizstan (Central Asia). All subjects were ...

The models developed in our laboratory demonstrate that ageing initiates and progresses in the pineal gland. However, the ageing postponing effects of pineal grafting into older recipients cannot be explained by a simple maintenance and/or normalization of the night melatonin synthesis and release. We propose here that the pineal gland ...

Specifications about the size of healthy salivary glands are not available to date. Therefore, we determined the size of the submandibular and the parotid glands by ultrasonography in 50 subjects (25 men, 25 women, mean age 45 y, range 20-68) with no history of disease affecting the salivary glands. The ...

Inspection and palpation are the traditional methods used to determine thyroid volume in areas of moderate-to-severe iodine deficiency. However, in areas of mild endemicity, and generally whenever goitres are small, ultrasonography is a safe, noninvasive technique that provides a more precise and objective method for determining thyroid volume. Ultrasonography should ...

Specifications about the sizes of normal salivary glands are not available. We used ultrasonography to determine the sizes of the submandibular and parotid glands in 50 subjects, who were not suffering from diseases of the salivary glands. Volunteers were distributed equally concerning sex and age. Body weight did not differ ...

In the present study, the weight, height, bone age and growth indices of 24 children with homozygote sickle cell anemia were measured and the relationship of these parameters to thyroid function was evaluated and compared with 14 healthy controls in the same age group. The patients consisted of two groups ...

OBJECTIVE: There are few published data on thyroid size and body size variables in children. We aimed to develop an index for normal thyroid size in schoolchildren using ultrasonography and to evaluate the accuracy of clinical examination in the diagnosis of goitre. DESIGN: A study to screen and diagnose goitre. ...

PURPOSE: The subject of this study was to define age-related and gender-dependent changes in MR features of the lacrimal gland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: MR images were retrospectively analyzed in 104 normal subjects aged 2-79 years to measure thickness and area of the lacrimal gland, its MR signal intensity ratio, and ...

A girl 5 years 11 months of age, belonging to an extensive kindred with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type IIA (MEN IIA), was found to have multifocal medullary thyroid carcinoma with metastasis in one paraglandular lymph node after positive findings on a calcium-pentagastrin stimulation test. Her sister, 3 years 8 months ...

A supportive or causal role for human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) in lymphoproliferative disorders is still controversial. Different results were obtained in both tissue-based and serological investigations. We investigated 243 lymph node and salivary gland tissue biopsies for the presence of viral DNA by using a newly developed, highly sensitive nested ...

OBJECTIVE: Physiological changes in the pituitary gland with age have not been fully evaluated. The aim of this study was to clarify the morphological characteristics of the pituitary gland by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in elderly subjects and to relate them to pituitary hormone secretion. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: We investigated the ...

The sexual dimorphism of the mouse submandibular glands was studied by stereological methods. Albino mice of both sexes aged 140 days were used. Their average weight was 34.7 g por males and 26.0 g for females. The following morphometric dimensions were evaluated for the acini, intercalated ducts, convoluted granular tubules, ...

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the dominant immunoglobulin isotype on all mucosal surfaces where it acts as a first line of defense against microbial invasion. Recent investigations suggest that secretory IgA (sIgA) concentrations vary over the day due to a range of variables including dietary factors, daily mood, and exercise. In ...

The altered laboratory thyroid parameters indicating hypothyroidism were evaluated in a series of 3015 subjects over 65 years of age by determining total T3, total T4 and TSH. In addition, clinical signs of hypothyroidism were recorded in a subsample of 300 randomly selected elderly. Our results showed a high prevalence ...

It is often assumed that salivary secretion reduces with age. About 25% of the elderly suffer from oral dryness and related complaints. Nevertheless, data on stimulated salivary flow rate in healthy elderly revealed no significant age-related decrease other than a slight decrease of the secretion from the (sero)mucous glands under ...

Thyroid dysfunction has been reported to occur in 10% of the elderly population in Caucasians. As the nature and prevalence vary tremendously between ethnic groups, and no data are available for Chinese, a primary thyrotropin (TSH) screening program using a supersensitive TSH assay was performed on 1880 ambulatory elderly southern ...

Kininogenase activity in both male and female submandibular gland (SMG) began to increase at 4 weeks of age and reached a peak at 6 weeks of age, and then showed a stable level of activity until 10 weeks of age. The release of kininogenase was stimulated via activation of alpha-adrenoceptors ...

The most common laboratory alterations of thyroid function indicating hyperthyroidism were evaluated in a series of 3015 subjects over 65 years of age by determining total T3, total T4 and TSH. Ultrasound and scintigraphy of the thyroid were performed where necessary. Our results showed a high prevalence of laboratory alterations ...

Some alterations in hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis occur during aging. In this study we evaluated the changes induced by aging in pituitary and thyroid iodothyronine-deiodinase (DI) activities, and in serum T4, T3 and TSH. Groups of 6-18 female Dutch-Miranda rats aged 3-5 months (young adults) were studied in parallel with similar groups ...

For determining treatment options of tonsillar diseases, the authors compared immunohistochemical differences for IgA immunocytes and measured the changes in concentrations of the serum immunoglobulin A and salivary secretory immunoglobulin A before and after tonsillectomy according to age in 126 cases (60 control cases, 66 tonsillectomy cases). The serum IgA ...

We studied the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid function in two groups of healthy elderly subjects: group A (n = 23, age range 65-80 years), and group B (n = 11, age range 81-92 years), and in 32 controls, aged 20-60. A TRH test for TSH and prolactin was performed in all subjects, while ...

Fractures of deep-frozen and freeze-dried pineal glands were analysed for elemental composition by means of X-ray microanalysis with a scanning electron microscope. The results from young adults (3 months old) were compared with those from aged animals (24 months old); significant increases in S, Ca, Al, Si, and Fe were ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine in school-age children with congenital hypothyroidism: (i) frequency of a high thyroxine/high thyrotropin profile; (ii) relations between different levels of thyroxine and thyrotropin and attentional function, and (iii) persistence of effects. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of an inception cohort. SETTING: Clinical psychology laboratory in tertiary pediatric hospital. SUBJECTS: ...

To identify possible differences between empty sella in children and adults we studied 43 subjects (age 13.6 +/- 5.4 years, range 4.1-27 years) with hypothalamic-pituitary disorders and empty sella at magnetic resonance imaging. Pituitary function, presence of non-endocrine symptoms, perinatal history, sellar volume, pituitary height, midline or intrasellar anatomical abnormalities ...

Some have suggested that gingival and periodontal health is related to salivary gland function; however, there are few data to support this hypothesis. The purpose of this study was to determine if correlations existed between major salivary gland flow rates and gingival and periodontal conditions in people of different ages. ...

BACKGROUND: Early studies suggested that salivary gland dysfunction was a normal sequela of aging. Recent research on healthy, different-aged adults has led to a revision of these former conclusions. Parotid gland function appears to be age-stable, yet there is no consensus on submandibular/sublingual output. To date, there have only been ...

Unstimulated secretions from labial (upper and lower), buccal, lingual and palatal minor glands were measured with a Periotron 6000 model 2 (Proflow) in 99 non-medicated, healthy individuals aged from 17 to 81 yr (49 males and 50 females). The palatal minor glands had the lowest flow rates, buccal and anterior ...

Alterations in peripheral nerves are well documented in overt myxedema but not in subclinical hypothyroidism. We performed electrophysiologic studies to investigate such abnormalities in patients with normal serum total T4 and hyperresponsiveness of TSH to TRH, either with normal or high levels of basal circulating TSH. Subjects were divided in ...

A method for estimating the age at death using the image processing of soft X-ray pictures of the thyroid cartilages of Japanese females was examined. The soft X-ray pictures showed increasing ossification with age. One index for image processing was introduced. It is ossification rate (OSFR). Corresponding to this index, ...

PURPOSE: To investigate changes in the size, shape, and signal intensity of the pituitary gland during the first 2 years of life. METHODS: One hundred consecutive MR studies, spin-echo T1- and T2-weighted sequences, of children 0 to 2 years of age were analyzed. Signal intensity and shape of the gland ...

The purpose of this pilot study was to compare the reliability of three collection methods (draining, chewing of gum base, and the Saxon test) for whole saliva using a sample of middle-aged and older ambulatory adults (n = 18) with proven salivary gland hypofunction. The results demonstrated high reliability (r ...

This study involved 48 subjects of both sexes with ages ranging from 22 years to 90 years. Computerised tomography was used to scan the right and left parotid gland. Gland mean density was calculated in Hounsfield units and regression graphs drawn. A significant fall in gland density was noted with ...

Morphology and function of the left ventricle were evaluated by echo and Doppler examination in 16 females affected by Hashimoto's thyroiditis, aged 13.3 (4.5) years (range 7.9-24.6). They were on L-thyroxine (L-T4) treatment for a period of 2.8 (2.8) years (range 0.8-7.6) with a mean daily dose of 77 (18) ...

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (subclinical or undiagnosed hypothyroidism) in a representative sample of a community-living elderly population and to examine the relationships with cognitive functions and depressive symptoms. An epidemiological study was made of a cohort of 2792 ...

During childhood, serum melatonin concentrations drop by approximately 80%, but the 24-h melatonin excretion is stable. Arrest of pineal growth after the end of infancy has been proposed as one possible mechanism underlying that phenomenon. To test this hypothesis, we reviewed 332 magnetic resonance imaging brain studies, classified as normal, ...

The aim of the study was to compare salivary variables in a group of vegetarians with a group of omnivores. Twenty-nine vegetarians, 19 women and 10 men, mean age 35 yr, and 28 omnivores, 20 women and 8 men, mean age 35 yr, were compared in terms of salivary secretion ...

The prevalence of hypothyroidism has been reported to increase with age and to attain up to 10% in older women. We wanted to verify whether routine screening for thyroid disease could be justified in a specific sub-population of aging women, those consulting for the first time at a menopausal clinic. ...

Saliva is essential to maintain and preserve oral health. Previous studies of primarily white populations demonstrated that salivary gland flow rates are age-stable in healthy adults, but there are little data on African Americans of different ages. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a relationship ...

The present study was done to establish the role of thyroid gland in causing growth retardation in regularly transfused thalassemic children. Growth, skeletal maturation and thyroid functions were assessed in 25 patients of thalassemia major in the age range of 5-17 years (mean age 10.3 +/ 3.6 years). Thirteen patients ...

Age-related thyroid changes, such as those in weight, histology, morphometry, and hormonal concentrations were evaluated in 460 male and 460 female F344 rats from 9 to 109 weeks of age. The absolute weight of the thyroid increased with age in both sexes, but the relative weight was unaffected by age. ...

As T3 thyrotoxicosis may be difficult to be assessed in the low T3 syndrome and in advanced age, the matrix influence on different T3 parameters was evaluated in identical serum specimens of euthyroid non critically ill patients aged up to 95. The values obtained by the conventional TT3 RIA and ...

1. Different preparations of humic acids, a pyrogallol oxydation product (PYROP) and resorcinol were administered to male and female rats with the drinking water for 8 to 14 weeks. 2. By histometrical evaluation of the thyroid glands, an increase of the mean epithelial cell height of follicular epithelial cells was ...

Ageing is associated with the appearance of several serum autoantibodies, including thyroid autoantibodies. The biological and clinical significance of this phenomenon is still unknown, since, with the exception of primary myxedema, the prevalence of clinically overt thyroid autoimmune diseases is not increased in the elderly. The peculiar link between autoimmune ...

The prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies, i.e. thyroglobulin antibodies and antibodies to thyroid peroxidase, was analyzed in 89 girls, aged 3-16 years (mean age 10 years), with Turner's syndrome. The analyses were performed before the start of growth-promoting treatment and during a follow-up period of 1-5 years. The patients were divided ...

Thyroid status and neurologic, psychometric and auditory functions were evaluated in presumably normal schoolchildren aged 6 to 16 years from three areas of iodine deficiency in Iran. The subjects from each area were identified as members of groups A, B or C. In group A there were retarded growth, high ...

BACKGROUND: Previous morphological studies have shown that both the human parotid and submandibular glands display age-related reductions in the proportion of fluid secreting acinar cells. In contrast, short-term functional studies of fluid secretion do not show such a consistent disparity among different-aged persons. This study compared the ability of a ...

Lipofuscin accumulation and other histological changes in thyroid tissue, previously reported to be age-related, were studied in 31 horses aged up to 35 years. The number of lipofuscin granules relative to thyrocytes increased from birth to 5 years of age. There was a wide individual variation in the number of ...

BACKGROUND: Nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) are loops of ribosomal DNA that occur in nucleoli and that transcribe to ribosomal RNA. NORs have been identified by means of the Ag-NOR technique in routinely processed tissues, and were found to be of discriminative value between some types of benign and malignant lesions. ...