Sensitive non-heme iron histochemistry--namely, the perfusion-Perls method and perfusion-Turnbull method--was applied to study the distribution and age-related accumulation of non-heme ferric iron and ferrous iron in mouse ovary. Light and electron microscopic studies revealed that non-heme ferric iron is distributed predominantly in stromal tissue, especially in macrophages. By contrast, the ...

Silver nanoparticles (nano-Ag) have been widely used in various commercial products including textiles, electronic appliances and biomedical products. However, there remains insufficient information on the potential risk of nano-Ag to human health and environment. In the current study, we have investigated the role of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor ...

Ageing induces seed deterioration expressed as the loss of seed vigour and/or viability. Priming treatment, which consists in soaking of seeds in a solution of low water potential, has been shown to reinvigorate aged seeds. We investigate the importance of catalase in oxidation protection during accelerated ageing and repair during ...

Abstract Conclusion. Our data suggest that the changes in expression of antioxidant enzymes may cause age-related hearing loss (AHL). Objectives. AHL is an aging process of the inner ear, and oxidant stressors are considered to be one of the leading causes. We investigated the hearing level and expression profile of ...

Background and Aims: The aging process of the tissues is usually accompanied by increased rate of apoptosis. Although melatonin has been reported to delay aging process by scavenging free radicals, its role on aging of gastric mucosa is not known. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ...

OBJECTIVE: MUC1 is primarily involved in the protection of epithelial surfaces. Decreases in oral mucosal defence can be a predisposing factor for the development of oral mucosal diseases in the elderly. The aim of this study was to compare MUC1 expression level in oral mucosal epithelial cells of the elderly ...

Adolescence is a time of very rapid change not only in physical but also psychological development. During the teenage years there is a reported rise in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate age- and sex-specific National Health Service (NHS) hospital inpatient admission rates ...

Insufficient use is made of available information about workplace and commuting accidents covered by social insurance workers compensation funds in France. We sought to determine whether these data could be used to calculate national indicators for surveillance of fatal occupational injuries for 2002-2004. We calculated the number of deaths, mortality ...

When an unidentified body is found, it is essential to establish the personal identity of the body in addition to investigating the cause of death. Identification is one of the most important functions of forensic dentistry. Fingerprint, dental, and DNA analysis can be used to accurately identify a body. However, ...

National malaria death rates are difficult to assess because reliably diagnosed malaria is likely to be cured, and deaths in the community from undiagnosed malaria could be misattributed in retrospective enquiries to other febrile causes of death, or vice-versa. We aimed to estimate plausible ranges of malaria mortality in India, ...

Introduction. To promote oral health among the elderly, we need to know their prosthetic status and prosthetic need. Hence, a survey of prosthetic status and need of elderly inmates of old age homes in Mangalore was done. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was undertaken, and 133 subjects aged 60 ...

To investigate the prevalence of alcohol in unnatural deaths in the West of Ireland between 2003 and 2007. The reports of 1669 postmortem examinations carried out at Galway University Hospitals were reviewed; 379 non-homicidal unnatural deaths were eligible for the study. Alcohol levels were measured in blood and/or urine in ...

To collect information on the cause of death and longevity of dogs owned by members of the numerically largest breed clubs of 169 UK Kennel Club-recognised breeds. A cross-sectional study was carried out. Approximately 58,363 questionnaires were sent out to breed club members in 2004 (nine clubs failed to report ...

We analyze deaths among prime-aged men and women during a 13-year period in a high AIDS mortality setting and examine the distribution of deaths by the economic status of these individuals at baseline using the 1991-2004 Kagera Health and Development Survey (KHDS). We investigate whether the distribution of subsequent prime-age ...

To determine the outcome of dilated cardiomyopathy presenting in childhood and the features that might be useful for prognostic stratification. Retrospective study of 41 consecutive children affected by dilated cardiomyopathy - aged 0-14 years; median 33.4 plus or minus 49.25 - between 1993 and 2008. We reviewed the medical history ...

In anthropological analyses of past populations, it is very important to be able to accurately reconstruct the palaeodemographic profile in order to interpret infant mortality as an indicator of the environmental, social and cultural conditions. There are various methods to evaluate the age of immature individuals but some of these ...

BACKGROUND: Muscular dystrophies (MDs), characterized by progressive muscle wasting, are associated with 1 in 2,500 deaths in the United States. Although treatments slow the progression, these disorders lead to early death, usually due to cardiac or respiratory failure. METHODS: We analyzed death record data from 18,315 MD-associated deaths that occurred ...

To assess the usefulness of ordinal scoring of the visual assessment of coronary artery calcification (CAC) on low-dose computed tomographic (CT) scans of the chest in the prediction of cardiovascular death. All participants consented to low-dose CT screening according to an institutional review board-approved protocol. The amount of CAC was ...

To determine whether racial disparities exist with regard to the age at which patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) experience cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD-associated death. Using the 2003-2006 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we calculated the age difference between patients with SLE and their race- and sex-matched controls at the time ...

We examined changes in relative disparities between racial/ethnic populations for the five leading causes of death in the United States from 1990 to 2006. The study was based on age-adjusted death rates for four racial/ethnic populations from 1990-1998 and 1999-2006. We compared the percent change in death rates over time ...

This research tests the accuracy of age-at-death estimation from the sternal end of the fourth rib. Age was estimated using the Işcan and Loth casts and written descriptions. The correlation results indicate that there are significant differences in the observed versus actual ages (r = 0.75329, p < 0.001) and ...

Drowning must be recognized as a major global public health problem with significant opportunities for prevention. To examine the incidence and characteristics of drowning in recreational water settings, we analyzed 2002 to 2006 data from the Legal Medicine Organization of Mazandaran province, north of Iran, through a retrospective study. During ...

In temperate countries, death rates increase in winter, but influenza epidemics often cause greater increases. The death rate time series that occurs without epidemic influenza can be called a seasonal baseline. Differentiating observed death rates from the seasonally oscillating baseline provides estimated influenza-associated death rates. During 2003-2009 in New South ...

During the years 2006-2007, the Archeological Superintendent of Veneto (Italy) promoted a research project on mass graves located on Nuovo Lazzaretto in Venice, where the corpses of plague deaths were buried during the 16th and 17th centuries. The burials were of different stages and are believed to be the remains ...

Deaths from diseases of the circulatory system and the seasonality of deaths from these causes fell sharply between 1995 and 2005 among older age groups in Ireland. We examine whether a structural break occurred in deaths from circulatory causes in Ireland between 1995 and 2005 and test whether this can ...

The purpose of this analysis was to characterize the natural history of weight change in the years prior to death among older persons and to examine how this pattern varies according to longevity and cause of death. Weight trajectories were analyzed by using data from 800 male decedents from the ...

Using data from the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics and Census Bureau, I estimate death rates of working-age prisoners and nonprisoners by sex and race. Incarceration was more detrimental to females in comparison to their male counterparts in the period covered by this study. White male prisoners had higher death ...

Objective: To investigate trends in mortality and mean age at death from lung cancer (MADLC) compared to mean age at death from all causes (MAD) over the period 1975 - 2007 in Austria. Results are assessed with respect to secular trends in smoking habits. Methods: MAD and MADLC were computed ...

Summary Objective To evaluate seasonal patterns of cardiovascular death in adults, which are possibly influenced by hot and dry climate, in a rural setting of Burkina Faso. Methods Cause of death was ascertained by verbal autopsy. Age-specific death rates (cardiovascular death and all-cause) by month of death were calculated. Seasonal ...

Introduction: Patients with schizophrenia have higher rates of mortality than the general population. Lower concentrations of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monoamine metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) have been associated with suicidal, aggressive and impulsive behavior. Mortality has been suggested as a measure of impulsivity and a relationship ...

Despite the recognition of nontyphoidal Salmonella as an important foodborne infection, few data exist on salmonellosis as a cause of death in the United States. To provide a quantitative assessment of the burden of Salmonella-related mortality in the United States, we examined national multiple-cause-of-death data for the years 1990-2006. Crude ...

BACKGROUND: Albuminuria is associated with an increased risk of death independent of level of renal function. Whether this association is similar for adults of all ages is not known. METHODS: We examined the association between the albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) and all-cause mortality after stratification by estimated glomerular filtration ...

Tissue fibrosis is most often referred to in its pathological context and is a major cause of progressive organ failure and death. Here, we consider fibrosis as an evolutionarily conserved, adaptive tissue response to injury. The role of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) as a novel pro-fibrogenic mediator is highlighted. The ...

A cross sectional population based epidemiological survey of 899 adults aged between 15 and 59 was undertaken in two urban areas of demographic surveillance sites in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, using the Clinical Interview Schedule Revised. Significantly higher rates were found among those who had experienced more than three severe ...

The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of fatal drowning in Guangdong Province during the period 2004-2005. Twelve areas were randomly chosen by stratified cluster sampling, and a retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2006 to collect death cases during the 2004-2005 period. Causes of death relating ...

In sudden unexplained death (SUD) in the young (age 1-50 years), cardiologic and genetic examination in surviving relatives may unmask the cause of death in a significant proportion. The causes of aborted cardiac arrest (ACA) in this age group likely are similar to those in sudden cardiac death. However, there ...

AIMS: The aim of the study was to assess whether alcohol-related mortality data in the UK should be extended to include contributory as well as underlying cause of death. METHODS: A total of 101,320 deaths registered in Northern Ireland between 2001 and 2007 were analysed to determine the quantity and ...

Homicides of dependent elderly and nonelderly adults by their caregivers violate trust and have long-term consequences for families. A better understanding of the characteristics of homicide by caregivers may provide insights that can inform prevention efforts. Data collected in the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) between 2003 and 2007 ...

This article examines the trend over time in the measures of "typical" longevity experienced by members of a population: life expectancy at birth, and the median and modal ages at death. The article also analyzes trends in record values observed for all three measures. The record life expectancy at birth ...

Age-at-death estimation of an individual skeleton is important to forensic and biological anthropologists for identification and demographic analysis, but it has been shown that the current aging methods are often unreliable because of skeletal variation and taphonomic factors. Multifactorial methods have been shown to produce better results when determining age-at-death ...

Background Age-specific death from cardiovascular disease among Australian Aboriginals is estimated to be four to seven times that of general population, and the major cause of premature death. There is little reliable information on the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD). This study compares CHD event rates in urban-dwelling Aboriginal ...

Robert Koch's discovery of the anthrax bacillus in 1876 launched the field of medical bacteriology. A 'golden age' of scientific discovery ensued. A century after Koch's death, we remember his life and work.

Based on an actual case, where we were able to ascertain the year of birth of three dead babies found in a deep-freezer to within 1-2 years (1986, 1988 and 2004, respectively), we review the current state of forensic age determination/year of birth determination. The age of an individual (year ...

Age estimation in the subadult skeleton can be rather precise when the epiphyses and dentition are present, but incomplete or commingled remains still present a challenge. Histomorphometric age-at-death estimation methods developed for use on adults are based on the age-associated accumulation of osteons. In the growing skeleton, there is a ...

In 2008 two male sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) stranded along the northern California coast with large amounts of fishing net scraps, rope, and other plastic debris in their stomachs. One animal had a ruptured stomach, the other was emaciated, and gastric impaction was suspected as the cause of both deaths. ...

Despite a dramatic increase in the worldwide prevalence of overweight and obese people in recent years, the implication of this epidemic on forensic practice has barely been studied. Over a one-year period, all autopsy cases performed on adult victims in the province of Quebec (Canada) were retrospectively reviewed (582 cases). ...

To estimate the impact on life expectancy after elimination of the main groups of causes of death in the Brazilian Northeast in 2000. Data on deaths recorded for the states of Northeastern Brazil in 2000 were extracted from the Mortality Information System. The coverage of death records of children under ...

Lamendin and colleagues (1992) proposed to assess age-at-death from root translucency and periodontosis. Several teeth from the same individual were included in their study. In our work, we evaluate the reliability of their formulas without introducing this bias. Our sample was constituted of 214 individuals (114 males and 100 women) ...

OBJECTIVES: Although colonoscopy use has increased in the United States and Canada since the early 1990s, it is unclear whether this has been associated with benefit at the population level. Our objective was to evaluate the association between regional colonoscopy rates and death from colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: We conducted ...

BACKGROUND: Studies of the Spanish Influenza pandemic (1918-1920) provide interesting information that may improve our preparation for present and future influenza pandemic threats. METHODS: We studied archives from France, Italy, Spain and Portugal, obtaining high-quality data that allowed us to calculate mortality rates associated with the Spanish flu and to ...