Patients with human papillomavirus associated (HPV+) head and neck cancer (HNC) demonstrate significantly improved survival outcome compared to those with HPV-negative (HPV-) tumors. Published data examining this difference offers conflicting results to date. We systematically investigated the radiation sensitivity of all available validated HPV+ HNC cell lines and a series ...

No sweat, no gain: Flexible biofuel cells functionalized with lactate oxidase (LOx) and platinum as anode and cathode materials harvested biochemical energy from human perspiration. Substantial power was generated from human sweat in real-life scenarios.

The relative and analytical sensitivity of the APTIMA HPV test (AHPV, broad-spectrum, target amplification) and the PreTect HPV-Proofer (type-specific, target amplification) for the detection of HPV mRNA in various cell lines was compared. Equivalent relative sensitivity for the HPV 16-containing cell lines (2.5 cells/ml with both CaSki and SiHa) was ...

From the human papillomaviruses (HPVs) with malignant potential, HPV18 enters cells by an unknown endocytic mechanism. The key cellular requirements for HPV18 endocytosis were tested in comparison to HPV16 and 31. HPV18 (like 16 and 31) entry was independent of clathrin, caveolin, dynamin and lipid rafts but required actin polymerization ...

Proteomic analysis of human body fluids is highly challenging, therefore many researchers are redirecting efforts towards secretome profiling. The goal is to define potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the secretome that can be traced back in accessible human body fluids. However, currently there is a lack of secretome profiles ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: When treated by radiotherapy, patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) positive for HPV and p16(INK4a) possess a clearly favorable prognosis as compared to those with HPV-negative HNSCC. The aim of this work was to study whether the better outcomes might be caused ...

ObjectivesTo determine if the behavior of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is affected by human papillomavirus (HPV) status.Study DesignAn in vitro and in vivo analysis of HPV and CSCs.SettingUniversity laboratory.Subjects and MethodsWe isolated CSCs from HPV-positive and HPV-negative cell lines. Two HPV-negative cell lines underwent lentiviral transduction of E6/E7. Chemoresistence was ...

OBJECTIVES: Infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) is an important risk factor for development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Strikingly, HPV-positive HNSCCs have a more favorable prognosis than their HPV-negative counterparts. The current study was designed to explain this favorable prognosis of HPV-positive HNSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ...

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. However, the molecular development of UM is not fully understood and current therapeutic modalities result in poor outcomes. Increasingly, data have shown that human papillomaviruses (HPVs) contribute to the development of cervical cancer and other malignancies, and the ...

During the past 6 years, focused virus hunting has led to the discovery of nine new human polyomaviruses, including Merkel cell polyomavirus, which has been linked to Merkel cell carcinoma, a lethal skin cell cancer. The discovery of so many new and highly divergent human polyomaviruses raises key questions regarding ...

Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection represents an emerging risk factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In contrast to HPV-negative HNSCC, most cases of HPV-positive HNSCC encode wild-type p53, although the p53 protein in these cells is rapidly degraded via HPV E6-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. This ...

Primordial germ cell (PGC) development in the human fetus remains relatively uncharted. A new study suggests that epigenetic reprogramming and sex differentiation in human PGCs occur asynchronously over an extended time period. This finding raises questions and implications for in vitro PGC differentiation.

Carotenoids are efficient antioxidants that are of great importance for human health. Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotinoids present in high concentrations in the human retina which are involved in the photoprotection of the human eye. Lutein may also protect the skin from ultraviolet (UV)-induced damage. The present study investigated the ...

Comment on: Mirza S, et al. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:4266-74.

Aim: Loss of colon reservoir function after colectomy can adversely affect patient outcomes. In previous work, human fetal intestinal cells developed epithelium without mesenchyme following implantation in mice. However, for humans, postnatal tissue would be the preferred donor source. We generated tissue-engineered colon (TEC) from postnatal human organoid units. Materials ...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 E6 is a viral oncoprotein essential for host cell transformation. Due to its role in HPV-induced cancers of the genital, head and neck epithelia, reliable protein-level determination of E6 expression would be an invaluable diagnostic tool. Immunocytochemical detection and subcellular localization of HPV16 E6 has ...

INTRODUCTION: Host cell lines used for recombinant protein expression differ in their ability to perform post-translational modifications (PTMs). The currently available recombinant human FVIII (rhFVIII) products are produced in mammalian, non-human cell lines. For rhFVIII, glycosylation and sulfation are vital for functionality and von Willebrand factor (VWF)-binding affinity. Here we ...

Cervical cancer (CC) is caused by a persistent infection by certain human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes. Although Papanicolaou (Pap) Test is considered the most cost-effective test for reducing CC mortality a considerable number of high-grade precursor lesions of CC could pass unnoticed with the Pap. The addition of high-risk human papillomavirus ...

A new phenylpropanoid, (+)-methyl 3-acetoxy-3-(7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl) propanoate (1), was obtained from the 95% EtOH extract of entire plant of Peperomia tetraphylla. The structure was elucidated based on the spectral analysis (IR, 1-D and 2-D NMR and HRESIMS). The absolute configuration of 1 was determined as (3R) by referring to analogous compound's ...

Microcystins (MCs) are cyclic hepatotoxins produced by various species of cyanobacteria. Their structure includes two variable amino acids (AA) giving rise to more than 90 MC variants, however most of the studies to date have focused on the most toxic variant: microcystin LR (MC-LR). Ingestion is the major route of ...

The clinical use of doxorubicin (DOX), a potent antineoplastic agent, is limited by its serious side-effects, which include acute and chronic cumulative dose-related cardiotoxicity. Berberine (BER), a botanical alkaloid, has been reported to possess cardioprotective and antitumor effects. The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to detect the cell viability ...

This study investigated the immunodetection of CD57 inflammatory cells in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its association with clinicopathological parameters and overall survival. Data collected from the morphological analysis and immunohistochemical reaction testing of archived HNSCC specimens (n=70) were statistically analyzed by bivariate and multivariate ...

The treatment of choice for profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is direct electrical stimulation of spiral ganglion cells (SGC) via a cochlear implant (CI). The number and excitability of SGC seem to be critical for the success that can be achieved via CI treatment. However, SNHL is associated with degeneration ...

The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has multiple functions that promote cell survival, proliferation and migration in different cell types. The experimental over-expression of GDNF in mouse testis leads to infertility and promotes seminomatous germ cell tumours in older animals, which suggests that deregulation of the GDNF pathway may ...

The glial cells missing (gcm) regulatory gene of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus is first expressed in veg2 daughter cells as the genomic target of late cleavage stage Delta-Notch signaling from the skeletogenic mesoderm precursors. Gcm is required in veg2 progeny during late cleavages for the early phase of pigment ...

Mucosal epithelium M cells are dispersed across Peyer's patch follicle associated epithelium (PPFAE) with minimal clustering. Since Notch signaling can influence patterning in epithelia, we examined its influence on PPFAE M cell distribution. Conditional deletion of Notch1 in intestinal epithelium increased PPFAE M cells and also increased M cell clustering, ...

DDX3Y (DBY), located within AZoospermia Factor a (AZFa) region of the human Y chromosome (Yq11), encodes a conserved DEAD-box RNA helicase expressed only in germ cells and with a putative function at G1-S phase of the cell cycle. Deletion of AZFa results most often in germ cell aplasia, i.e. Sertoli-cell-only ...

Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) of young adult men, seminoma (SE) and nonseminoma (NS), develop from a precursor cell, carcinoma in situ (CIS), which resembles foetal gonocytes and retains embryonic pluripotency. We used microarrays to analyse microRNA (miRNA) expression in 12 human testis samples with CIS cells and compared it ...

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is associated with expansion of (CTG)(n) · (CAG)(n) trinucleotide repeats (TNRs) in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the DMPK gene. Replication origins are cis-acting elements that potentiate TNR instability; therefore, we mapped replication initiation sites and prereplication complex protein binding within the ~10-kb DMPK/SIX5 ...

PURPOSE: The therapeutic benefit of the CIK cells was unknown in the renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This prospectively randomized study was to evaluate the effects of autologous CIK cell immunotherapy in patients with metastatic clear cell RCC.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: From June 2005 to June 2008, 148 patients with metastatic clear cell ...

Objective: To determine the killing effects on extracorporeal HepG2 cells under different temperatures, pressures of permeability and lengths of treatment time. Method: According to different temperatures, pressures of permeability and lengths of treating time, extracorporeal HepG2 cells of human hepatoma cell-line were grouped to 80 groups. Cell index (CI) as ...

During the early development of the gastrointestinal tract, signaling through the receptor tyrosine kinase RET is required for initiation of lymphoid organ (Peyer's patch) formation and for intestinal innervation by enteric neurons. RET signaling occurs through glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family receptor α co-receptors present in the same ...

The pseudo-tumoral expansion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and targeting rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RAFLSs) may have therapeutic potentials in this disease. Andrographolide, a diterpenoid compound isolated from the herb Andrographis paniculata, has been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory activity. In the present study, we ...

We have addressed the importance of B cell tolerance to collagen type II, a matrix protein, which is a target in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its mouse models. We generated a germline-encoded anti-collagen type II (CII) IgH replacement anti-C1 B cell mouse strain (ACB) to investigate how B cell tolerance ...

Studies of gastrointestinal pathophysiology are not feasible by biopsies in human neonates. We examined the utility of live colonocytes in stool in studying cellular markers during early neonatal life. Expression of IgA, IgG, cluster of differentiation-45 cells (CD45), and toll-like receptors-2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4) were analyzed by flow ...

Ion flow from intact tissue into epithelial wound sites results in lateral electric currents that may represent a major driver of wound healing cell migration. Use of applied electric fields (EF) to promote wound healing is the basis of Medicare-approved electric stimulation therapy. This study investigated the roles for EFs ...

Background  The pathogenesis of vitiligo remains unclear. Most authorities favoured the autoimmune cause for the strong associations of vitiligo with multiple autoimmune diseases and the presence of autoantibodies in vitiligo patients. Narrow-band UVB (NBUVB) irradiation has been considered to be an effective treatment for vitiligo with simple treatment procedure and ...

An Escherichia coli cell transduces extracellular stimuli sensed by chemoreceptors to the state of an intracellular signal molecule, which regulates the switching of the rotational direction of the flagellar motors from counterclockwise (CCW) to clockwise (CW) and from CW back to CCW. Here, we performed high-speed imaging of flagellar motor ...

Human Fc receptors (FcγR) are membrane glycoproteins that are expressed on all immunologically active cells and have a well-defined role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses by binding to the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody. Among the several classes of Fc receptors, FcγRIIa is the most widely expressed, and it ...

Renin is cleaved from its precursor prorenin into mature renin. We investigated the impact of the renin proregion on the generation and secretion of enzymatically active renin. We compared the effects of the following sequences of human prorenin with those of wild type prorenin[1-383]: prosequence [1-43], hinge sequence [1-62], Des[1-43]prorenin ...

The binding of Neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) to the epidermal growth factor family of receptor tyrosine kinases (ErbB) mediates intercellular and intracellular communication and regulates a broad spectrum of biological processes, such as tumorigenesis and myelination. Recombinant Nrg1 has been shown to control prolactin (PRL) secretion from rat prolactinoma GH3 cells. However, ...

Apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) is degraded by endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) when lipid availability limits assembly of VLDLs. The ubiquitin ligase gp78 and the AAA-ATPase p97 have been implicated in the proteasomal degradation of apoB-100. To study the relationship between ERAD and VLDL assembly, we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) to ...

This report describes a new cell-surface display system, the Secretion and Capture Technology (SECANT™) platform, which relies on in vivo biotinylation of the protein of interest followed by its capture on the avidinated surface of the parent cell. Cell sorting techniques are then used to isolate clones that display target-binding ...

Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is highly expressed in Ewing's sarcoma (EWS). We previously showed that increased cellular CAV1 is associated with the regulation of the tumorigenicity, drug resistance and metastatic ability of EWS cells. Because several studies reported that melanoma and prostate cancer cells, which express relatively high CAV1 levels, secrete CAV1, ...

We have previously described a protein termed Shigella enterotoxin 2 (ShET-2), which induces rises in short-circuit current in rabbit ileum mounted in the Ussing chamber. Published reports have postulated that ShET-2 may be secreted by the Shigella type III secretion system (T3SS). In this study, we show that ShET-2 secretion ...

Electric pulses are known to affect the outer membrane and intracellular structures of tumour cells. By applying electrical pulses of 450 ns duration with electric field intensity of 8 kV/cm to HepG2 cells for 30 s, electric pulse-induced changes in the integrity of the plasma membrane, apoptosis, viability and mitochondrial ...

We introduce a simple micro-fluidic device containing an actuated flexible membrane, which allows the viscoelastic characterization of cells in small volumes of suspension by loading them in compression and observing the cell deformation in time. From this experiment, we can determine the characteristic time constant of recovery of the cell. ...

OBJECTIVE: IL-6 receptor inhibition by tocilizumab was recently licensed for the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IL-6 induces in vitro differentiation of B cells into antibody-forming cells, however the in vivo effects of IL-6 inhibition on the B cell compartment are currently not known. METHODS: Sixteen patients with active rheumatoid ...

In vivo, clotting Factor VIII (FVIII) circulates in plasma bound to von Willebrand factor (vWF), and the vWF:FVIII complex prevents binding of FVIII to phosphatidylserine (PS). Activation of FVIII by thrombin releases FVIII from vWF, and subsequently FVIII binds to PS exposed on activated platelets and forms the tenase complex ...

In teleosts, the kidney is the major immune organ. From the kidney of fugu (Takifugu rubripes), we isolated a unique leukocyte population. This population shows properties similar to those of mammalian plasmablasts. First, adherent cells expressing IgM protein on their surface were obtained from the fugu kidney. Flow cytometry (FCM) ...