Force spectroscopy has been used to measure the adhesion of Saos-2 cells to a glass surface at different phases of the cell cycle. The cells were synchronized in three phases of the cell cycle: G(1), S, and G(2)M. Cells in these phases were compared with unsynchronized and native mitotic cells. ...

Deinococcus species exhibit an extraordinary ability to withstand ionizing radiation (IR). Most of the studies on radiation resistance have been carried out with exponential phase cells. The studies on radiation resistance of Deinococcus radiodurans R1 with respect to different phases of growth showed that late stationary phase cells of D. ...

Food components modify the risk of cancer at a large number of sites but the mechanism of action is unknown. In the present investigation, we studied the effect of the peptide lactoferricin derived from bovine milk lactoferrin on human colon cancer CaCo-2 cells. The cells were either untreated or treated ...

To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the budding phase transition, 4,711 Saccharomyces cerevisiae haploid nonessential gene deletion mutants were screened with the image processing program CalMorph, and 35 mutants with a round bud and 173 mutants with an elongated bud were statistically identified. We classified round and elongated bud mutants ...

The contribution of two blue-green algae species, Anabaena flos-aquae and Microcystis aeruginosa, to the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) was investigated. The experiments examined the formation potential of these disinfection by-products (DBPs) from both algae cells and extracellular organic matter (EOM) during four algal growth phases. Algal ...

Azaspiracid-2 was isolated from a marine sponge Echinoclathria sp. collected off Amami-Oshima as the predominant cytotoxic constituent. A combination of HPLC using ODS, GS320, and Phenylhexyl stationary phases permitted the purification without using acid or inorganic additives in the mobile phase. Azaspiracid-2 exhibited potent cytotoxicity against P388 cells with an ...

The sense organs of the posterior lateral line system (neuromasts) are formed by a migrating primordium. In zebrafish, the primordium comprises approximately 100 cells at the onset of migration, and has deposited approximately 300 cells by the end of the process. Here, we report localized phases of mitotic activity and ...

Robust oscillatory behaviors are common features of circadian and cell cycle rhythms. These cyclic processes, however, behave distinctively in terms of their periods and phases in response to external influences such as light, temperature, nutrients, etc. Nevertheless, several links have been found between these two oscillators. Cell division cycles gated ...

AIMS: The aim of this study was to extract information on cell number and colony volume dynamics of Salmonella Typhimurium colonies. METHODS AND RESULTS: Both cell number and colony volume of Salmonella Typhimurium in gelatin were monitored during the exponential and the stationary phase with varying pH and water activity, ...

A key event in the oocyte-to-embryo transition is the start of the embryonic mitotic cell cycle. Prior to this start, the cell cycle in oocytes is generally arrested at a particular stage during meiosis, and the meiotic arrest is released by fertilization. However, it remains unclear how release from the ...

In this paper, a new approach for cell formation that integrates machine grouping and layout design, neglecting part-family formation, has been presented. The procedure includes four phases. In Phase 1, primary cells are formed by dividing operations into three ranges. Phase 2 involves redesigning of primary cells for minimisation of ...

Phase-locking (frequency entrainment) of an oscillator, in which a periodic extrinsic signal drives oscillations at a frequency different from the unperturbed frequency, is a useful property for study of oscillator stability and structure. The cell cycle is frequently described as a biochemical oscillator; however, because this oscillator is tied to ...

The simultaneous determination of the cell cycle phase of individual adherent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using a fluorescence microscope after staining with 4',6-diamidine-2'-phenylindole dihydrochloride and bromodeoxyuridine and the laser phase shift by phase-shifting laser microscopy (PLM) revealed that the laser phase shift of cells in the G(2)/M phase was markedly ...

For mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, the importance of the S and G(2) cell cycle checkpoints for genomic integrity is increased by the absence of the G(1) checkpoint. We have investigated ionizing radiation (IR)-mediated cell cycle checkpoints in undifferentiated and retinoic acid-differentiated human embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. Like mouse ES ...

Escherichia coli mazEF is a toxin-antitoxin gene module that mediates cell death during exponential-phase cellular growth through either reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent or ROS-independent pathways. Here, we found that the stationary-phase sigma factor sigma(S) was responsible for the resistance to mazEF-mediated cell death during stationary growth phase. Deletion of rpoS, ...

This paper describes a microfluidic device for the microencapsulation of cells in alginate beads to enhance cell viability. The alginate droplet including cells was gelified with calcified oleic acid, using two-phase microfluidics. The on-chip gelation had generated monodisperse spherical alginate beads, which could not be readily obtained via conventional external ...

Slow growth and relatively low cell densities of methanotrophs have limited their uses in industrial applications. In this study, a novel method for rapid cultivation of Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b was studied by adding a water-immiscible organic solvent in the medium. Paraffin oil was the most effective at enhancing cell growth ...

Microorganisms in nature form organized multicellular structures (colonies, biofilms) possessing properties absent in individual cells. These are often related to the better ability of communities to survive long-lasting starvation and stress and include mechanisms of adaptation and cell specialization. Thus, yeast colonies pass through distinct developmental phases characterized by changes ...

Recent progress in cancer biology research has shown that abnormal proliferation in tumor cells can be attributed to aberrations in cell cycle regulation, especially in G₁ phase. During the course of searching for microbial metabolites that affect cell cycle distribution, we have found that simaomicin α, a polycyclic xanthone antibiotic, ...

Changes in barotolerance, thermotolerance, and cellular morphology throughout the life cycle of Listeria monocytogenes were investigated. For part 1 of this analysis, L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 was grown to log, stationary, death, and long-term-survival phases at 35 degrees C in tryptic soy broth with yeast extract (TSBYE). Cells were diluted ...

Specific molecular events, characteristic of each cell-cycle phase may have direct effect to the functionality of nuclear receptors. Based on this understanding, the evaluation of lipophilic chemicals at the different cell-cycle phases is significant and should be considered. In order to achieve the aim of performing large-scale dose-response analysis on ...

Floral development of the synchronous dichogamous species Ziziphus mauritiana, as followed by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), was divided into 11 stages using a series of landmark events. Main cellular events happen synchronously in the female and the male structures, such as meiosis in micro- and macrosporocyte cells, tetrad ...

CL (cardiolipin) is a key phospholipid involved in ATP generation. Since progression through the cell cycle requires ATP we examined regulation of CL synthesis during S-phase in human cells and investigated whether CL or CL synthesis was required to support nucleotide synthesis in S-phase. HeLa cells were made quiescent by ...

A thick bloom of the marine prymnesiophycean, Phaeocystis globosa was observed in the central Arabian Sea during the summer monsoon period (July-August, 1996). The cells were mostly in colonial form, embedded in gelatinous matrics. The cell diameter was approximately 7 mu m and showed a distinct double feature form. The ...

Aim: 125I-iododeoxyuridine is a potential Auger radiation therapy agent. Its incorporation in DNA of proliferating cells is enhanced by fluorodeoxyuridine. Here, we evaluated therapeutic activities of 125I-iododeoxyuridine in an optimized fluorodeoxyuridine pre-treatment inducing S-phase synchronization. Methods: After S-phase synchronization by fluorodeoxyuridine, cells were treated with 125I-iododeoxyuridine. Apoptosis analysis and S-phase ...

BACKGROUND: Over the past decades, the increase in maximal cell numbers for the production of mammalian derived biologics has been in a large part due to the development of optimal feeding strategies. Engineering of the cell line is one of probable approaches for increasing cell numbers in bioreactor. RESULTS: We ...

Phase-contrast microscopy is a common approach for studying the dynamics of cell behaviors, such as cell migration. Cell segmentation is the basis of quantitative analysis of the immense cellular images. However, the complicated cell morphological appearance in phase-contrast microscopy images challenges the existing segmentation methods. This paper proposes a new ...

Current chemical biology methods for studying spatiotemporal correlation between biochemical networks and cell cycle phase progression in live-cells typically use fluorescence-based imaging of fusion proteins. Stable cell lines expressing fluorescently tagged protein GFP-PCNA produce rich, dynamically varying sub-cellular foci patterns characterizing the cell cycle phases, including the progress during the ...

Current chemical biology methods for studying spatiotemporal correlation between biochemical networks and cell cycle phase progression in live-cells typically use fluorescence-based imaging of fusion proteins. Stable cell lines expressing fluorescently tagged protein GFP-PCNA produce rich, dynamically varying sub-cellular foci patterns characterizing the cell cycle phases, including the progress during the ...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that menstruation is associated with a higher concentration of endometrial cells in peritoneal fluid(PF) and with increased white and red blood cell concentration in PF when compared to nonmenstrual phases of the cycle. METHODS: PF was obtained at laparoscopy ...

DNA mismatch repair (MMR) within human cells is hypothesized to occur primarily at the replication fork. However, experimental models measuring MMR activity at specific phases of the cell cycle and during genomic DNA synthesis are lacking. We have investigated MMR activity within the nuclear environment of HeLa cells after enriching ...

The APC(Cdh1) E3 ligase is active in the late M and G(1) phases. Geminin is a direct substrate of the APC(Cdh1) complex, and accumulates during the S, G(2), and M phases. By fusing the amino-terminal region of Geminin to fluorescent proteins, we have developed cell cycle markers that accumulate in ...

Biodesulfurization was monitored in a recombinant Pseudomonas putida CECT5279 strain. DszB desulfinase activity reached a sharp maximum at the early exponential phase, but it rapidly decreased at later growth phases. A model two-step resting-cell process combining sequentially P. putida cells from the late and early exponential growth phases was designed ...

For the species that have been most carefully studied, mortality rises with age and then plateaus or declines at advanced ages, except for yeast. Remarkably, mortality for yeast can rise, fall and rise again. In the present study we investigated (i) if this complicated shape could be modulated by environmental ...

The aim of this study is to determine whether Sertoli cells are involved in spermatogenic failure induced by carbendazim, a benzimidazole fungicide that is widely used in agriculture. Total 40 rats were treated with carbendazim by oral gavage at dosages of 0, 20, 100 and 200mg/kg for 60 days. The ...

In RecBCD(+) cells, a mutated single-strand DNA 3'-5' exonuclease ExoI (SbcB15) induced an increase in stationary-phase mutation. In sbcB15 cells, as in wild-type cells, these mutations partially required RecA, RecB, RecF, and expression of the LexA regulon. The absence of nuclease SbcCD in sbcB15 cells decreased stationary-phase mutation and induced ...

To elucidate the checkpoint mechanism responsible for slowing passage through S phase when fission yeast cells are treated with the DNA-damaging agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), we carried out two-dimensional gel analyses of replication intermediates in cells synchronized by cdc10 block (in G(1)) followed by release into synchronous S phase. The ...

In this issue of Developmental Cell, Chakraborty et al. report that efficient advancement through G1/S phase requires the downregulation of Nup96 levels during M phase. The authors show that oscillations in Nup96 levels plays a key role in maintaining normal cell proliferation, likely by regulating the export of specific mRNAs, ...

We develop a method of coherent phase microscopy (CPM) for direct visualization of nonfixed, nonstained mammalian cells (both cultured cells and freshly isolated tumor biopsies) followed by computer-assisted data analysis. The major purpose of CPM is to evaluate the refractive properties of optically dense intracellular structures such as the nucleus ...

Timely degradation of regulatory proteins by the ubiquitin proteolytic pathway (UPP) is an established paradigm of cell cycle regulation during the G2/M and G1/S transitions. Less is known about roles for the UPP during S phase. Here we present evidence that dynamic cell cycle-dependent changes in levels of UbcH7 regulate ...

Protein N(alpha)-terminal acetylation is a conserved and widespread protein modification in eukaryotes. Several studies have linked it to normal cell function and cancer development, but nevertheless, little is known about its biological function. In yeast, protein N(alpha)-terminal acetylation is performed by the N-acetyltransferase complexes NatA, NatB and NatC. In humans, ...

The simultaneous determination of the cell cycle phase of individual adherent Chinese hamster ovary cells using a fluorescence microscope after staining with 4',6-diamidine-2'-phenylindole dihydrochloride and bromodeoxyuridine and the laser phase shift by a phase-shifting laser microscopy revealed that the laser phase shift of cells in the G2/M phase was markedly ...

Upon their exit from mitosis, mammalian cells enter a G(1) phase during which they acutely sense all sorts of environmental stimuli. On the basis of these signals that they first need to decipher and integrate, they decide whether to undergo division, differentiation, senescence or apoptosis. We questioned whether, despite the ...

In many phytoplankton species, cell division (mitosis) usually occurs at defined times of day. This timing is also observed under constant conditions, indicating that it is regulated by a circadian clock rather than by a simple response to the light-dark cycle. For those algae with cell cycles longer than a ...

Control of the G1/S phase transition of the cell cycle contributes to the maintenance of homeostasis. It is well known that the disruption of the cell cycle is related to cell transformation and carcinogenesis. The G1/S phase transition involves a network of components that includes cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, and other ...

“Compensated” microcrystalline silicon is obtained by adding 8-20 ppm diborane in the plasma gas phase. p-i-n cells with such i-layers have increased infrared sensitivity when compared to a-Si:H p-i-n cells. The preparation of the world's first “mixed stacked” a-Si:H/μc-Si:H tandem cell with an initial efficiency of 9.1% is reported. The ...

Blood leukocytes can exhibit extensive morphological changes during their passage through small capillary vessels. The human monocytic THP-1 cell line was used to explore the metabolic dependence of these shape changes. Cells were aspirated into micropipettes for determination of the rate of protrusion formation. They were then released and the ...

An ensemble of stochastic genetic relaxation oscillators via phase-attractive or repulsive cell-to-cell communication are investigated. In the phase-attractive coupling case, it is found that cellular communication can enhance self-induced stochastic resonance as well as collective rhythms, and that different intensities of noise resulting from the fluctuation of intrinsic chemical reactions ...

Up to now cell-culture based vaccine production processes only reach low productivities. The reasons are: (i) slow cell growth and (ii) low cell concentrations. To address these shortcomings, a quantitative analysis of the process conditions, especially the cell growth and the metabolic capabilities of the host cell line is required. ...

We performed in situ measurements of mechanical properties of individual W303 wild-type yeast cells by using an integrated environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM)-nanomanipulator system. Compression experiments to penetrate the cell walls of single cells of different cell sizes (about 3-6 micro m diameter), environmental conditions (600 Pa and 3 mPa), ...