Oximetry of the human T-Lymphoblastoid (CEM) cells was measured using (19)F magnetic resonance imaging ((19)F MRI). The cells were treated with the analogues of vitamin E, alpha-, gamma-, delta-tocopherols and corresponding tocotrienols, ex vivo in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture. The study showed that (19)F MRI allows to measure the effect ...

The green alga Scenedesmus was investigated for its ability to remove nitrogen from anaerobic digestion effluent possessing high ammonium content and alkalinity in addition to its growth characteristics. Nitrate and ammonium were indistinguishable as a nitrogen source when the ammonium concentration was at normal cultivation levels. Ammonium up to 100ppm ...

Arsenic is a well-established human carcinogen; however molecular mechanisms to arsenic-induced carcinogenesis are complex and elusive. The present study identifies a potential biomarker of arsenic exposure, and redefines arsenic-induced signaling in stimulation of cell proliferation. The effect of arsenic exposure on gene expression was evaluated in PBMC of arsenic-exposed individuals ...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), induced by a photosensitizer (PS) encapsulated in a nanostructure, has emerged as an appropriate treatment to cure a multitude of oncological and non-oncological diseases. Pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester (PPME) is a second-generation PS tested in PDT, and is a potential candidate for future clinical applications. The present study, ...

Cell migration is a hallmark of cancer cell metastasis and is highly correlated with hypoxia in tumors. The Boyden chamber is a porous membrane-based migration platform that has seen a great deal of use for both in vitro migration and invasion assays due to its adaptability to common culture vessels ...

The oxidative stress responses of single MG63 osteosarcoma cells submitted to a brief mechanical stress have been investigated by amperometry at platinized carbon fiber electrodes for monitoring and characterizing the nature and the amounts of the various reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) released. It was thus shown ...

Unlike normal cells, tumor cells survive in a specific redox environment where the elevated reactive oxygen species contribute to enhance cell proliferation and to suppress apoptosis. Alpha-lipoic acid, a naturally occurring reactive oxygen species scavenger, has been shown to possess anticancer activity, due to its ability to suppress proliferation and ...

We have studied the effect of enhanced oxygen delivery by perfluorocarbons on the differentiation of C2C12 cells. The extent of differentiation was assessed by means of phase contrast/fluorescence microscopy, active tension measurement and the glucose consumption/lactate production rates. We found that enhanced oxygen delivery is suitable for full differentiation of ...

Bcl-2 interacting cell death suppressor (Bis), also known as Bag3, has been implicated in anti-stress and anti-apoptotic pathways. In a previous study, we observed a significant induction of Bis in reactive astrocytes of the rat hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia. To investigate the significance of this induction in ischemic injury, ...

Kidney medulla cells are exposed to a wide range of changes in the ionic and osmotic composition of their environment as a consequence of the urine concentrating mechanism. During antidiuresis NaCl and urea concentrations increase and an efficient urinary concentrating mechanism is accompanied by medullar hypoxia. Medullar hypotonicity increases reactive ...

Myoglobin, a mobile carrier of oxygen, is without a doubt an important player central to the physiological function of heart and skeletal muscle. Recently, researchers have surmounted technical challenges to measure Mb diffusion in the living cell. Their observations have stimulated a discussion about the relative contribution made by Mb-facilitated ...

The totality of functional cardiomyocytes and an intact cardiac progenitor cell pool are key players in the myocardial cell homeostasis. Perturbation of either one may compromise the structural and functional integrity of the heart and lead to heart failure. Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are important regulators of cardiomyocyte viability and ...

Rationale: The heterotypic interactions of endothelial cells and mural cells (smooth muscle cells or pericytes) are crucial for assembly, maturation, and subsequent function of blood vessels. Yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying their association have not been fully defined. Objective: Our previous in vitro studies indicated that Notch3, which is expressed ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Light in the visible and near infrared region stimulates various cellular processes, and thus has been used for therapeutic purposes. One of the proposed mechanisms is based on cellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to illumination. In the present study, we followed visible light ...

Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone), a natural anthraquinone derivative found in several herbal medicines, is highly active in suppressing the proliferation of various tumor cells such as breast, hepatocellular, and lung cancer cells under in vitro conditions. The mechanism of emodin-induced apoptosis in esophagus carcinoma cells, EC-109, is not completely understood. In this ...

Reactive oxygen species are generated within peroxisomes during peroxisomal metabolism. However, due to technological difficulties, the intraperoxisomal redox state remain elusive, and the effect of peroxisome deficiency on the intracellular redox state is controversial. A newly developed, genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probe, Redoxfluor, senses the physiological redox ...

Biocompatibility of dentin bonding agents (DBAs) and resin composite is important to preserve the pulp vitality after operative restoration. Bisphenol-glycidyl-methacrylate (BisGMA) is one common monomer adding into DBAs and resin. In this study, we found that exposure of human dental pulp cells to BisGMA (>0.1 mm) led to cytotoxicity, G2/M ...

Dimethylaminoparthenolide (DMAPT) is a water soluble parthenolide analogue with preclinical activity in hematologic malignancies. Using NSCLC cell lines (A549, H522) and an immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS2B) and TCC cell lines (UMUC-3, HT-1197, HT-1376) and a bladder papilloma (RT-4), we aimed to characterize DMAPT's anti-cancer activity in tobacco ...

Quenched-phosphorescence oxygen (O(2)) sensing technique allows non-invasive, real-time monitoring of both intra- and extracellular O(2) concentration in respiring samples. Using this technique we investigated O(2) gradients in populations of neurosecretory PC12 cells cultured in 96-well plates and exposed to graded hypoxia at rest and upon metabolic stimulation. Under high atmospheric ...

Batch fermentative production of welan gum by Alcaligenes sp. CGMCC2428 was investigated under various oxygen supply conditions using regulating agitation speed. Based on a three kinetic parameters analysis that includes specific cell growth rate (mu), specific glucose consumption rate (q (s)), and specific welan formation rate (q (p)), a two-stage ...

Background: Smoking is associated with increased risk for oral health and dental problems. The aim of this study is to address the hypothesis that nicotine impairs wound healing by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibiting cell migration and that antioxidants (AOs) may counteract nicotine effects. Methods: Primary human gingival ...

Severe hypoxia has been demonstrated to induce a replication arrest which is associated with decreased levels of nucleotides. Chk1 is rapidly phosphorylated in response to severe hypoxia and in turn deactivates TLK1 through phosphorylation. Loss of Chk1 has been shown to sensitize cells to hypoxia/reoxygenation. After short (acute) exposure to ...

Large-scale tissue engineering is limited by nutrient perfusion and mass transport limitations, especially oxygen diffusion, which restrict construct development to smaller than clinically relevant dimensions and limit the ability for in vivo integration. The goal of this work was to develop a modular approach to tissue engineering, where scaffold and ...

Overexpression of c-Myc represents the most frequently deregulated genetic event in cancer, and therefore c-Myc may represent a good molecular target for cancer therapy. The human lung carcinoma cell line, NCI-H1299, shows resistance to conventional cancer treatments, such as ionizing radiation (IR) and cisplatin, while the lung carcinoma cell line, ...

N-nitroso compounds (NOCs) may be implicated in human colon carcinogenesis, but the toxicological mechanisms involved have not been elucidated. Because it was previously demonstrated that nitrosamines and nitrosamides, representing two classes of NOC, induce distinct gene expression effects in colon cells that are particularly related to oxidative stress, we hypothesized ...

Background and Objective: Hirsutanol A is a novel sesquiterpene compound purified from fungus chondrostereum sp in Sarcophyton tortuosum. Its pharmacologic effect has not been reported yet. This study aimed to investigate cytotoxic effect of Hirsutanol A on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and its mechanism. Methods: Hep3B cells were treated with ...

Previously, we demonstrated that cytochrome P450 2B1 (CYP2B1) can generate reactive oxygen species in puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced nephrotic syndrome, an animal model of minimal-change disease in humans. In this study we found that overexpression of CYP2B1 in rat glomerular epithelial cells in vitro significantly increased PAN-induced reactive oxygen species generation, ...

On June 2008, the first human tissue-engineered trachea replacement was performed using decellularized (de-antigenised) cadaveric donor trachea, seeded with recipient epithelial cells on the internal surface of the graft and mesenchymal stem-cell-derived chondrocytes on the external. During the follow-up, cytological analysis at 4 postoperative days showed a migration of the ...

Scope: Epidemiological studies suggest that coffee can reduce the risk of degenerative diseases such as diabetes type 2, cardiovascular disease and cancer. These beneficial effects have partly been attributed to the antioxidant activity of coffee. We determined composition and antioxidant potential of differentially roasted coffee extracts and investigated the impact ...

Hypoxia plays an important role in the development of solid tumors and is associated with their therapeutic resistance. There exist three major forms of hypoxia: acute, chronic and intermittent hypoxia. Previous studies have shown that cancer cells could behave in the form of adaptation to hypoxia in tumor growth, which ...

D-penicillamine is an aminothiol that is cytotoxic to cancer cells and generates dose dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) via copper catalyzed oxidation. However, the delivery of D-pen to cancer cells remains a challenge due to its high hydrophilicity, highly reactive thiol group and impermeability to the cell membrane. To overcome ...

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to examine the mutual relationship between 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and superoxide anion generation by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells in patients with sarcoidosis. DESIGN: About 29 patients with sarcoidosis, 34 healthy never smokers (control group for EBC) and 15 healthy never smokers ...

Neural stem (NS) cells can provide a source of material with potential applications for neural drug testing, developmental studies, or novel treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, the ex vivo expansion of a model system of mouse embryonic stem (mES) cell-derived NS cells was characterized and optimized, cells being cultivated under ...

In the absence of in vivo measurements, the oxygen concentration within articular cartilage is calculated from the balance between cellular oxygen consumption and mass transfer. Current estimates of the oxygen tension within articular cartilage are based on oxygen consumption data from full-depth tissue samples. However, superficial and deep cell subpopulations ...

The photodynamic effect of upconversion nanoparticles loaded with a photosensitizer was studied on murine bladder cancer cells (MB49). Mesoporous silica was coated onto sodium yttrium fluoride upconversion nanocrystals to form a core-shell structure and then loaded with the photosensitizer zinc (II)-phthalocyanine into the porous silica. The nanoparticles displayed a uniform ...

The kidney is a major site of systemic oxygen sensing, regulating blood erythrocyte and hence oxygen content by hypoxia-inducible erythropoietin (Epo) expression. A constant ratio between blood perfusion and oxygen consumption, a stable corticomedullary oxygen gradient, and a relatively low tissue Po(2) are the prerequisites for the function of renal ...

PURPOSE: Neovascularization occurs in response to tissue ischemia and growth factor stimulation. In ischemic retinopathies, however, new vessels fail to restore the hypoxic tissue; instead, they infiltrate the transparent vitreous. In a model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), TNFalpha and iNOS, upregulated in response to tissue ischemia, are cytotoxic and inhibit ...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed upon incomplete reduction of molecular oxygen (O(2)) as an inevitable consequence of mitochondrial metabolism. Because ROS can damage biomolecules, cells contain elaborate antioxidant defense systems to prevent oxidative stress. In addition to their damaging effect, ROS can also operate as intracellular signaling molecules. Given ...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play critical roles in vascular pathophysiology and in hematological malignancies. VEGF is supposed to utilize ROS as messenger intermediates downstream of the VEGF receptor-2. NAD(P)H oxidase (Nox) family is a major source of cellular ROS and is implicated in increased ...

AIM: To investigate whether dicoumarol, a potent inhibitor of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), potentiates gemcitabine to induce cytotoxicity in cholangiocarcinoma cells (CCA) and the role of reactive oxygen generation in sensitizing the cells. METHODS: Four human cell lines with different NQO1 activity were used; the human CCA cell lines, KKU-100, ...

Vertebrate cardiorespiratory homeostasis is inextricably dependent upon specialized cells that provide feedback on oxygen status in the tissues, blood, and on occasion, environment. These "oxygen sensing" cells include chemoreceptors and oxygen-sensitive chromaffin cells that initiate cardiorespiratory reflexes, vascular smooth muscle cells that adjust perfusion to metabolism or ventilation, and other ...

Quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides (QdNOs) derivatives, the potent synthetic antibacterial group used in food-producing animals, are assumed to have pro-oxidant properties. However, how oxidative stress mediated their adrenal toxicity is far from clear. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of three QdNOs, i.e. olaquindox (OLA), mequindox (MEQ), and ...

Chronic ethanol consumption is a known risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The use of plant-derived antioxidants is gaining increasing clinical prominence as a potential therapy to ameliorate the effects of ethanol on hepatic disease development and progression. This study demonstrates silibinin, a biologically active flavanoid derived from milk ...

Survival strategies adopted by tumor cells in response to a hypoxic stress include activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and autophagy. However, the importance and the function of each molecular response is not well defined. In the present study, we investigated invasiveness, migration, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity, and cell survival ...

This study reports that photosensitizers encapsulated in supramolecular protein cages can be internalized by tumor cells and can deliver singlet oxygen intracellularly for photodynamic therapy (PDT). As an alternative to other polymeric and/or inorganic nanocarriers and nanoconjugates, which may also deliver photosensitizers to the inside of the target cells, protein ...

Here we provide evidence for a dependence between the increased production of reactive oxygen species and the activation of Ty1 retrotransposition. We have found that the strong activator of Ty1 mobility, methylmethane sulphonate, can not induce Ty1 retrotransposition in cells with compromised mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (rho(-); sco1Delta), which is the ...

Comb building in mixed-species colonies of Apis cerana and Apis mellifera was studied. Two types of cell-size foundation were made from the waxes of these species and inserted into mixed colonies headed either by an A. cerana or an A. mellifera queen. The colonies did not discriminate between the waxes ...

Photodynamic therapy is a treatment that combines the use of three non-toxic components, viz. photosensitiser, light and oxygen to cause localised oxidative photodamage. In the present study, the antifungal effect of the photosensitiser, BAM-SiPc, an unsymmetrical bisamino phthalocyanine, was investigated. BAM-SiPc was effective in photo-inactivating Candida albicans in a dose-dependent ...

The current study was designed to investigate possible protective effect of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) in nitrite- and nitrosamine-treated human hepatoma cells (HepG2) with the evaluation by cytotoxic effects and genotoxic effects determined by the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). Allyl isothiocyanate treatment enhanced cell viability and reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species ...

Wound healing requires re-epithelialization from the wound margin through keratinocyte proliferation and migration, and some growth factors are known to influence this process. In the present study, we found that the co-treatment with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and TGF-beta1 resulted in enhanced migration of HaCaT cells compared with either growth ...