OBJECTIVE: In patients with hypothyroid goitrous Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the recovery from hypothyroidism seems to be due to a spontaneous decrease of antibodies (Ab) to the TSH-receptor (R). In contrast, in patients with Graves' disease made euthyroid by antithyroid drug therapy, the suppression of TSH secretion by thyroid hormone during antithyroid ...

An increase of muscle enzymes in hypothyroidism has sometimes been correlated with a polymyositis-like syndrome and hypothyroid patients have been misdiagnosed and mismanaged as suffering from polymyositis. Actually, muscle symptoms, such as aches and pain, stiffness, weakness and cramps or, more rarely, hypertrophy, are observed in hypothyroidism and increased serum ...

OBJECTIVES: The efficacy of octreotide was studied in a group of patients with biochemical evidence of insulinoma. DESIGN: A phase-II study. SETTING: A university department of internal medicine. SUBJECTS: Seven patients with biochemical evidence of insulinoma and without metastatic lesions. INTERVENTION: Daily treatment with octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, mainly within ...

PURPOSE: To develop a strategy to identify cases of endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism and free triiodothyronine (free T3) thyrotoxicosis in otherwise healthy ambulatory patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a retrospective study we reviewed the records of ambulatory patients who had thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels determined between October 1, 1991 and ...

The thyroid function was evaluated before and after 6 months of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) treatment (1,500-9,000 U/week) in 22 hemodialysis patients with hematocrit levels < 25%. Based upon the changes in hematocrit following rhEPO treatment, the patients were divided into two groups: 11 patients with an increase of the ...

Pretibial myxedema is an uncommon manifestation of Graves disease, and little information is available regarding its natural course and its relation to other manifestations of Graves disease. We reviewed 150 consecutive cases with the diagnosis of pretibial myxedema over a 20-year period in a referral center. Only 1 patient in ...

The prevalence of abnormal serum total thyroxine (T) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were determined in 1,584 consecutive patients attending the outpatients unit of the Department of Psychiatry, Ahmadu Bello University Hospital, Kaduna. The serum thyroid hormone levels were determined by the enzyme linked immuno-absorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Primary hypothyroidism occurred ...

The prevalence of thyroid function tests' abnormalities in 170 patients with various connective tissue diseases (CTD) was examined and compared to a group of 100 age- and sex-matched controls. The overall prevalence of diagnosed thyroid disease was 3.5%. Categorizing the patients into 5 "functional groups" by the concurrent thyroid function ...

We evaluated the ability of new thyrotropin (TSH) assays to separate hyperthyroid (n = 50) patients from clinically euthyroid subjects with low TSH values (nodular goiter, n = 20, and nonthyroidal illness, n = 22). Only patients whose serum TSH was < 0.1 mIU/L by immunoradiometric assay were included. We ...

In a retrospective study of 27 cases of iodine deficiency and/or latent primary hypothyroidism and in 16 cases of thyroid adenoma with hyperthyreosis the routine radioiodine uptake test was combined with a protirelin (TRH) test. After TRH infusion, [PB*I] and TSH increased significantly in all of these 27 patients who ...

We report a 20 month old female patient with diploid-triploid mixoploidy (46,XX/69,XXX) syndrome with hypothyroidism and precocious puberty. The triploid cell line was only expressed in the fibroblast culture and comprised the majority (95%) of the cells. Chromosome analysis of the fetal blood sample and peripheral blood sample were normal. ...

Pulsatile and nocturnal TSH secretion was investigated in 16 healthy controls (group A) and 21 patients with nonthyroidal illness (NTI; group B). Ten patients had normal plasma T3 and T4 values (group B1), and 11 patients had decreased plasma T3 with normal or low plasma T4 (group B2). Mean 24-h ...

To determine the histological characteristics of hyperthyroid Graves' disease with undetectable TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), we examined the thyroid histological findings of patients with hyperthyroidism who were referred for subtotal thyroidectomy and who lacked circulatory TRAb. Four patients had undetectable TRAb (6.4 +/- 4.2%) before treatment (group A). Their pathological ...

Based on Akiskal's criteria of subaffective dysthymia (SDT) and character-spectrum disorder (CSD) as the two, etiologically distinct forms of early-onset primary dysthymia, the authors investigated the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in 18 patients with SDT and in 30 patients with CSD. TRH-TSH test was also investigated in smaller subsamples of ...

PURPOSE: Hypothyroid patients have been reported to have a blunted ventilatory response to carbon dioxide stimulation. However, previous data did not clarify the localization of abnormalities responsible for that disorder. The present investigation was aimed at evaluating to what extent central (neural) and/or peripheral (muscular) factors are involved in the ...

PURPOSE: We investigated whether the association of interleukin-2 (IL-2) with hypothyroidism is related to the presence of thyroid autoantibodies, dose of IL-2, and clinical effectiveness of treatment, and reviewed the literature. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixteen cancer patients were treated with high-dose recombinant, continuous infusion IL-2 (18 x 10(6) IU/m2/d) and ...

OBJECTIVE: Determination of whether nonthyroidal factors affect the diagnostic value of free thyroxine estimation in geriatric patients. DESIGN: Survey. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 381 non-selected, chronic, hospitalized geriatric patients over 60 years of age (I = relatively good health; II = relatively poor health; III = bad health; subgroups ...

Subclinical hypothyroidism is defined by elevated concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH) and normal levels of serum thyroxine in the absence of overt symptoms. Autoimmune thyroid disease is the most frequent cause. Prevalence is between 2.5% and 10%, depending on the patient population. The disorder may not be as asymptomatic as previously ...

Ophthalmopathy develops in about 30% of patients who have Graves' disease. The pathogenesis, like that of the hyperthyroidism, is probably autoimmune in nature. The eye manifestations are diverse and include lid lag, soft tissue swelling, proptosis, corneal damage, diplopia, and optic neuropathy. The natural history is benign in 90% of ...

All borderline patients admitted at a day hospital during a 6-year period were followed up with a postal questionnaire after 3-10 years. Patients who had chosen to leave the treatment within 4 months were analyzed as a separate group, and these drop-outs and the remaining patients were compared with a ...

Variations in circulating TSH-R Ab were correlated to the thyroid function outcome in a group of 43 patients who received subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. There were 36 females and 7 males, ranging in age from 18 to 63 years (mean +/- SD = 41.3 +/- 9.5 years). All patients ...

A total of 304 patients aged 65 years or over were prospectively studied over a four-month period to assess whether clinical findings or routine screening were more helpful in diagnosing biochemical hypothyroidism. The most useful symptom relevant to a possible diagnosis of hypothyroidism in the elderly was found to be ...

The objective was to assess the success rate in patients receiving surgery or radioactive iodine for primary hyperthyroidism and the incidence of subsequent hypothyroidism. A long term follow up of patients on L-thyroxine has also been performed from a cohort of patients on the Tayside Thyroid Register. The case series ...

Lithium carbonate, widely used in the treatment of bipolar patients, is well known to induce thyroid alterations. In this longitudinal study the thyroid function was investigated during lithium treatment over a period of 12 months in 12 euthymic bipolar patients with a normal thyroid function and absence of thyroid antibodies. ...

In general practice, psychiatrists are confronted with the difficulty of structuring a rational design for the early detection of hypothyroidism. To determine the period during which a patient receiving lithium is most at risk of developing hypothyroidism, a retrospective study was conducted on the records of 154 patients at two ...

Since in the literature basophilia is frequently related to myxedema, we evaluated basophilic leukocytes in patients with hypothyroidism, applying routine techniques used in clinical laboratories. The study included normal persons, untreated patients with hypothyroidism, and euthyroid subjects with hyperlipidemia. The number of circulating basophils was determined by differential counts of ...

Three patients were described with undesirable early complications of low dose radioiodine treatment for hyperthyroidism. The first patient with Graves' disease developed an extreme and permanent hypothyroidism within only few months after receiving this therapy. The second patient with a hyperactive nodular goiter and mild hyperthyroidism had an immediate important ...

Lithium clearance was studied to investigate proximal tubular function in patients with hyperthyroidism (n = 10) and control subjects (n = 7). Patients with hyperthyroidism showed significantly reduced fractional excretion of lithium (FELi) compared with control subjects (15.0 +/- 1.5%, n = 10, vs. 23.7 +/- 0.6%, n = 7, ...

The study group consisted of 135 hyperthyroid patients--128 with Graves' disease and 7 with toxic multinodular goiter. A single dose of radioiodine was given in 110 cases (81.48%), two doses in 22 patients (16.3%) and three doses in 3 patients (2.22%); mean total dose was 6.8 mCi (range = 3-24 ...

Stable intrathyroidal iodine pool (ITI) is known to affect both diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism. Very few laboratories have facilities to measure ITI. In our department x-ray fluorescence was routinely used for more than 15 years. We report here that it is possible to predict the ITI by means of ...

In a patient chronically treated with amiodarone, subclinical iodine-induced hypothyroidism occurred as a result of excess iodine released from the amiodarone molecule. The patient was maintained on amiodarone and developed thyrotoxicosis as a result of a destructive process into the thyroid follicles. Amiodarone was withdrawn and methylprednisolone and methimazole treatment ...

Fifty Chinese psychiatric patients on chronic lithium treatment and the same number of sex- and age-matched control outpatients were assessed by a thyroidologist and underwent laboratory investigations. Lithium patients had a higher rate of goitres (50% vs 10%, P < 0.0001) and a higher mean TSH level (P < 0.005) ...

Graves' disease is an autoimmune thyroid disease characterized by a genetic predisposition, an increased incidence in young women, the presence of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins, and an uncertain etiology. The onset occasionally follows a frightening episode in the patient's life or separation from a loved one. On physical examination, the patient has ...

Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (PAS) has been well characterised and the accepted criteria for diagnosis are the presence of at least two of the three major components: hypoparathyroidism (HPT), candidiasis, and adrenal insufficiency (AI). HPT may, however, be the only manifestation of the syndrome. Iranian Jews, having a high rate of ...

A 41-year-old woman is described, first hospitalized in the neurosurgical department for a transient ischemic attack with left hemiparesis followed after 6 hours by tonic-clonic seizures starting from the left hemiface and quickly generalized. Brain computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging were normal. Clinically the patient presented tremor, ...

Six hundred one patients with histologically proven "chronic thyroiditis" were assessed for the correlation of thyroid function to histologic findings. The histology of chronic thyroiditis was classified into four groups (oxyphilic, mixed, focal, and hyperplastic), and the thyroid function of patients was divided into hyperthyroid, euthyroid, latent hypothyroid, and overt ...

Twenty-nine patients (22 female) aged 2 to 17 years were followed with serial measurements of serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyrotropin during medical therapy for Graves disease. Fourteen patients had 17 instances of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid suppression with inappropriately low thyrotropin levels. Five patients had six episodes of low thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels ...

To evaluate the 24-h pattern of serum thyrotropin (TSH) in critically ill patients, we measured serum concentrations of TSH in blood samples collected every 2 h for 24 h from nine patients (six with malignancy, two with liver cirrhosis, one with chronic renal failure), who had subnormal levels of both ...

To determine the factors causing thyroid dysfunction after surgery for Graves' disease, we studied 321 patients who underwent subtotal thyroidectomy during the 7-year period from 1981 to 1987. Thyroid functional status was evaluated biochemically and the patients were divided into four categories: recurrent hyperthyroidism, euthyroidism, latent hypothyroidism, and hypothyroidism. The ...

Patients with chronic non-thyroid illness (NTI) generally show biochemical features of hypothyroidism despite their being clinically euthyroid. Using assays that employ the antibody coated tubes technique, we measured thyroid hormone levels in 52 patients with chronic renal failure. 30 of the patients were on conservative management while 22 were on ...

Thyroid dysfunction has been reported in patients with malignant disease treated with recombinant alpha interferon. Two cases of hypothyroidism in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with recombinant alpha interferon are reported. In one patient, interferon induced hypothyroidism in the absence of pre-existing thyroid dysfunction and in the other it ...

PURPOSE: Subclinical hypothyroidism is found in about 7.5% of females and in about 3% of males. It appears to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis and for coronary heart disease and can affect various other target organs. The morbidity and clinical significance of subclinical hypothyroidism are controversial. Therefore, we evaluated ...

Thyroid disease in the elderly can be easily overlooked. Symptoms too often are explained away as normal processes of aging. Development of unstable illness, especially cardiac disease, is a frequent mode of presentation. One symptom or one clinical feature of thyroid disease in the elderly may be overwhelming in its ...

The 5HT-induced shape change (5HT-SC) of blood platelets, which had been suggested to reflect the 5HT2 receptor-mediated function of the central nervous system (CNS), was examined in patients with depression before or after antidepressant therapy. The degree of 5HT-SC did not differ between patients before treatment (n = 17) and ...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the functional and/or pathological significance of the hemispherical lateralization of TRH using radioimmunoassay to determine the TRH concentration of nuclei and areas within the hypothalamus of suicide patients, with matching measurement being carried out on control subjects. In suicide patients, we ...

Twenty four patients (14 girls and 10 boys aged six months to 23 years) with congenital hypothyroidism were studied. The diagnoses of all subjects were made 15 days to one year after birth. After being diagnosed, each child was started immediately on replacement hormonotherapy. Parameters of their physical and mental ...

Patients with severe non-thyroidal illness (NTI) often evidence concomitant anomalies in thyroid function (TF). In order to shed light on the implications of these anomalies and/or changes and disease course, we monitored TF changes in a selected cohort of 45 patients with serious NTI (21 with liver cirrhosis, 15 with ...

A 50-year-old man is described who had a 15-year history of Raynaud's phenomenon with severe and frequent vasospastic attacks in his fingers and toes during the past years. Exacerbation of his digital symptoms, which started about 4 years ago, was accompanied by signs of thyroid deficiency, such as tiredness, memory ...

Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to investigate the muscle bioenergetics in different hypothyroid states. Using the thenar muscle group as reference, 2 patients with chronic and severe hormonal deficiency, 3 patients with subacute hypothyroidism, and 8 patients with moderate thyroid insufficiency with isolated high blood TSH levels were ...

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between thyroid function and the biological activities of thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb) and thyroid stimulation blocking antibodies (TSBAb) in patients with post-partum hypothyroidism. DESIGN: A prospective study. PATIENTS: We studied 25 patients with post-partum hypothyroidism who visited our thyroid clinic during the period from 1985 ...