Relationships between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the thyroid gland have been studied extensively for a long time. The studies of this problem have focused mainly on: (a) the functional and immune thyroid gland abnormalities in patients with previous history of RA, and (b) joint changes in patients with previous autoimmune ...

OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence of morpho-volumetric and functional thyroid abnormalities in young patients with Williams syndrome (WS). STUDY DESIGN: Ninety-two patients with WS (49 boys and 43 girls, 0.2-17.2 years of age) underwent evaluation of thyroid function by means of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), fT3, and fT4 measurement. Thyroid ultrasonography ...

Activated CD4 T cells' express CD40 ligand (CD154) interacting with CD40 on the B cells surface, protecting them from Fas-mediated apoptosis and in this study, influence humoral response. The aim of the study was to assess soluble CD40 and CD154 in Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) in relation ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) and insulinoma antigen 2 autoantibodies (IA2A) among patients of African origin in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and to compare the occurrence of autoimmune mediated Type 1 diabetes with findings previously reported ...

BACKGROUND: Thyroid size is a very important criteria of MIVAT exclusion because the working space provided by the technique is limited. The aim of this work has been to verify the suitability of MIVAT and its applicability in clinical practice, not only in patients with a thyroid volume up to ...

CONTEXT: Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) resulting from destructive thyroiditis (type 2) is commonly treated with glucocorticoids, but time needed to restore euthyroidism may be unacceptable for patients with underlying cardiac disorders. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this prospective study was to identify factors affecting the response to glucocorticoids in a large cohort ...

OBJECTIVES: The impact of dental amalgam removal on the levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) antibodies was studied in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) with and without mercury allergy. METHODS: Thirty-nine patients with AT were tested by an optimized lymphocyte proliferation test MELISA for allergy (hypersensitivity) to inorganic ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the natural history of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) in children and identify factors predictive of thyroid dysfunction. STUDY DESIGN: We evaluated 160 children (43 males and 117 females, mean age 9.10 +/- 3.6 years, with HT and normal (group 0; 105 patients) or slightly elevated (group 1; 55 ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the usefulness of whole body scan (WBS) and serum thyroglobulin (Tg) measurement after thyroxine withdrawal during sequential follow-ups in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). DESIGN: Two hundred and sixty-five consecutive DTC patients were enrolled. They were previously treated with near-total thyroidectomy and I-131 remnant ablation, without ...

BACKGROUND: Rosiglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist that has been shown to induce differentiation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in a variety of human cancers including thyroid cancer. METHODS: Ten patients with differentiated thyroid cancer were enrolled in an open-label, phase II trial of oral rosiglitazone treatment ...

BACKGROUND: Surgical strategy in patients with thyroid cancer (TC) infiltrating the aerodigestive system is controversial. This study was undertaken to examine the long-term results of cervical evisceration (CE). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Since 1995, 14 consecutive patients with advanced TC underwent total laryngectomy (LE, n = 6) or esophagolaryngectomy (ELR, n ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis is a life-threatening condition. A prompt control of thyrotoxicosis is obtained by thyroidectomy. Preparation with iopanoic acid proved to be very effective in reducing cardiovascular complications. Nevertheless, general anesthesia and extensive surgery may affect negatively patients also after adequate preparation. Safety and efficacy of minimally ...

AIMS: (1) To investigate whether elevated serum anti-thyroglobulin antibody (ATG) reflects the recurrence of cancer in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) in whom thyroglobulin was undetectable after radioiodine ablation. (2) To assess the sensitivity of disease detection for (99m)Tc-MIBI whole-body scans (WBSs) in these patients and investigate the correlation ...

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to analyze the features of patients with goiter who underwent thyroidectomy via a cervical incision and a median sternotomy in Khartoum. METHODS: A total of 267 thyroidectomies were performed in Khartoum Teaching Hospital during the period from January 2002 to December 2003. There ...

It is currently not known which level of pentagastrin-stimulated calcitonin serum concentration indicates medullary thyroid carcinoma in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We examined CKD stage 3-5 patients who had total thyroidectomy because of a pentagastrin-stimulated calcitonin concentration greater than 100 pg/ml, and tested the diagnostic performance of basal ...

BACKGROUND: Incidental thyroid abnormalities are increasingly detected in patients undergoing PET scans. The aim of this study was to review our experience with the management of PET detected thyroid incidentalomas in a large single institution series. METHODS: All PET scans performed from May 2003 to July 2005 were reviewed and ...

Gastrin and pentagastrin stimulate thyroid C cells and elevate serum calcitonin levels. Gastrin levels may be elevated when histamine-2 receptor blockers (H2RB) and/or proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are used, or in patients with pernicious anemia (PA). This study was designed to investigate the long-term effects of elevated gastrin levels on ...

BACKGROUND: The interferon-gamma-inducible chemokine CXCL10 is highly expressed in infiltrating inflammatory cells, and in thyrocytes in patients with Graves' disease. The aim of this study was to measure serum levels of CXCL10 in relation to thyroid function and treatment. METHODS: Serum levels of CXCL10 were measured in 22 patients with ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the value of fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid as a tool for diagnosing amyloid goitre and assess how amyloidosis affects thyroid tissue and thyroid function. METHODS: Clinical and laboratory evaluation of 50 patients with secondary systemic amyloidosis was done, ...

Increasing evidence supports an extensive interrelationship between thyroid hormones and the cholinergic system, which is selectively and early affected in Alzheimer disease (AD). The aim of the present study was to explore thyroid function in patients with AD before and after acetylcholinesterase inhibition treatment to possibly identify variances in response. ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence and presentation of synchronous thyroid lesions in a patient population undergoing open partial laryngectomy (OPL), and to determine whether routine preoperative evaluation of the thyroid gland prior to OPL is useful to identify synchronous thyroid lesions in order to reduce the need for reoperation in ...

BACKGROUND: Two main forms of amiodarone- induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) exist: type 1 AIT is a condition of true hyperthyroidism developing in patients with pre-existing thyroid disorders, and usually requires thyroid ablative treatment. On the other hand, type 2 AIT is a form of destructive thyroiditis occurring in normal thyroids, the ...

INTRODUCTION: The globus sensation is a constant feeling of a lump in the throat and may be associated with thyroid enlargement. A two year prospective study was set up to ascertain the relationship between thyroid pathology and globus symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients undergoing thyroid surgery over a two ...

BACKGROUND: The association of sarcoidosis (S) and thyroid autoimmunity has been reported by several studies in a wide range of variability. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of clinical and subclinical thyroid disorders in patients with S vs gender-matched and age-matched control subjects. METHODS: Thyroid hormones ...

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of trapping-only nodules of the thyroid gland. The study was prospectively performed in patients bearing hot or warm thyroid nodules at pertechnetate scan in the presence of circulating thyrotropin (TSH) within the normal range. The study was restricted to these ...

BACKGROUND: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas account for less than 1% of all primary thyroid malignancies. They typically arise as neoplastic transformations within areas of autoimmune thyroiditis. Although they tend to have an indolent course, these lymphomas present a diagnostic challenge requiring a high level of suspicion in patients at ...

Down Syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 (T21) is the most frequent and the best known malformation syndrome associated with mental deficiency that appears in human,. Average incidence of this syndrome is about 1:700 newborns. Numerous researchers noted thyroid disorders in people with Down Syndrome but, clinical symptoms of thyroid dysfunction ...

AIM: To investigate an "optimal" therapeutic management of patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). METHODS: We evaluated a group of 403 consecutive patients affected by PTMC operated on by the same surgeon. Prognostic factors were evaluated by uni- and multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 8.5 years, ...

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2B is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and neuroma. Early signs of MEN 2B are usually neuroma, gastrointestinal problems, and medullary thyroid carcinoma. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema is rare as a presenting symptom. We report a 31-year-old male who was admitted ...

In recent years, it has been possible for patients with Down syndrome to live longer with advanced medical treatment and social support. As a result, the problems of these patients, such as thyroid diseases, leukemia, and Alzheimer disease, would be encountered more frequently. In this study, we aimed to perform ...

Although thyroid disorders related to the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are well known, there are discordant data on the function and morphology of the thyroid gland after renal transplantation (RT). The objective of this cross-sectional, case-control study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for disorders in the thyroid ...

OBJECTIVES: To study the treatment modalities and the outcome of treatments of children with thyrotoxicosis or Graves' disease. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective study of 56 patients diagnosed with thyrotoxicosis from January 1992 to December 2004 was conducted. There were 44 girls and 12 boys (female to male ratio 3.7:1). ...

OBJECTIVES: Thyroid storm is extremely rare. However, hyperthyroid patients with severe thyrotoxicosis are frequently not treated immediately with I-131 for fear of thyroid storm but are placed on thiouracil drugs for varying periods of time. We demonstrate herein that it is safe to treat these patients with 1-131, without pretreatment ...

To investigate the role of thyroid autoantibodies in the development of thyroid dysfunction among chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients receiving interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) plus ribavirin (RBV) combination therapy, 95 Taiwanese naïve patients with baseline euthyroidism were enrolled. They were treated with IFN-alpha2b, 6 million units thrice weekly, plus RBV 1,000-1,200 mg ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the spectrum and prevalence of the varied manifestations, associated conditions and laboratory abnormalities of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome in Israel and compare them between individuals of Sephardic and Ashkenazi descent and with data from the literature. METHODS: A retrospective study of a cohort of 201 consecutive ...

In this study, we assessed the incidence of Graves' disease (GD) following radioiodine therapy (RIT) in a large cohort of well characterized patients with autonomy in comparison to the clinical course of control patients with thyroidal autonomy not definitively treated with (131)I or surgery. 622 consecutive patients were treated with ...

PURPOSE: To determine the exophthalmos measurements in patients with Graves' disease (GD) and to compare with those of normal subjects among the Chinese of Taiwan. METHODS: Hertel's exophthalmometry were performed in 163 consecutive adult GD patients and 419 normal subjects. The values of exophthalmos, asymmetry, and the distance between lateral ...

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and autoimmune hypothyroidism in breast cancer (BC). These studies have been performed in BC patients generally 20-30 days after mastectomy. It is known that stress may have an influence on the immune system and a relation between stressful ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the alternations of thyroid hormone in traumatic patients with severe inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). METHODS: Fifty traumatic patients with severe SIRS were enrolled and divided into two groups according to whether they presented multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Thyroid hormone measurements were taken, including total triiodothyronine (TT3), total ...

The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate both thyroid function in children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and the necessity of lifetime thyroxine replacement therapy. A total of 47 patients with goiter and positive thyroid auto-antibodies participated in the study. Serum thyroxine and thyrotropin levels and titers of thyroid auto-antibodies ...

We determined the frequency of thyroid autoantibodies in fibromyalgia (FM) patients and the relationship between FM symptoms and these antibodies. Euthyroid 128 FM patients, 64 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and 64 healthy control subjects were included in the study. The sociodemographic features and the clinical features of FM patients were ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyse alterations of the tongue and the correlation between these lesions and different types of tumor. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 258 cases (131 females, 127 males) of neurofibromatosis type 1 were screened between 1994 and 2004 in our Dermatology Department. ...

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of incidental thyroid carcinoma (ITC) in patients operated on for a benign disease is frequent. This study aims to determine both its clinical effect and the possibility of identifying this class of patients preoperatively. METHODS: A total of 998 consecutive patients (697 women and 301 men; mean ...

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the phenotype of a large population of Italian patients with adult onset (> or =40 years) diabetes who were attending outpatient clinics and who were screened for glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibodies (GADA), protein tyrosine phosphatase IA-2 (IA-2A) and IA-2beta/phogrin (IA-2betaA). DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a ...

CONTEXT: The use of levothyroxine to reduce thyroid size in pediatric patients with goiter due to chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) remains controversial. In overtly hypothyroid patients, reductions in thyroid volume have been reported, whereas the effect in subclinically hypothyroid and euthyroid patients is less clear. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the ...

BACKGROUND: Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT), often termed Hashimoto encephalopathy, is a poorly understood and often misdiagnosed entity. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings in patients with SREAT to potentially improve recognition of this treatable entity. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of clinical features and diagnostic test ...

OBJECTIVE: The association of the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) system with thyroid carcinomas is not clear. We sought to relate HLA alleles to susceptibility to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and also to clinical and pathological characteristics of PTC patients. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: The distribution of HLA in 181 unrelated Caucasian ...

To determine the factors associated with 20 minute Tc-99m pertechnetate thyroid uptake, we examined all patients in whom thyrotoxicosis was diagnosed at Chiba-Hokusoh Hospital, Nippon Medical School from 2001 April through 2003 March. Patients with thyrotoxicosis diagnosed during this period were 57 with Graves' disease (76%), 11 with transient hyperthyroxinemia ...

We report four patients diagnosed with black discoloration of the thyroid gland at surgery and a fifth patient in which the "black thyroid" was an incidental finding at autopsy. The four patients diagnosed at surgery had prior fine-needle aspirations (FNA), which did not reveal any characteristic pigmentation. One patient presented ...

Recombinant human (rh) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) has changed the care of patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Traditionally, thyroid hormone withdrawal has been used to increase TSH concentrations for optimising trapping and retention of radioiodine for thyroid remnant ablation and for diagnostic procedures (measurement of thyroglobulin and whole body scan) ...