This study examined the effects of weight loss and nutritional status on the cognitive performance of patients with anorexia nervosa. The intellectual, memory, attentional, verbal fluency and visuospatial abilities of 34 females with anorexia were compared to that of 31 normal weight-for-height females. Group differences in anxiety and depression were ...

The metabolic derangements of the injured or stressed patient are governed by multiple factors that partially include the severity of insult, preexisting illnesses, available energy reserves, and appropriateness of intervention. The normal response to injury is further characterized by the release of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory mediators that exert potent effects ...

Lithium administration was used in a patient with a clozapine-induced neutropenia and in another with complete agranulocytosis to assess whether lithium could stimulate neutrophil production. In both cases, following lithium administration, the neutrophil count was increased to the normal range within 6 days. In the patient who had presented a ...

OBJECTIVE: Few studies have investigated perceptions of operant conditioning programs by anorexic patients. This study examined patients' perceptions of the Bed Rest (BR) component which is employed in some operant conditioning programs. METHODS: A sample of 48 anorexic inpatients was administered a survey to elicit their attitudes towards BR. RESULTS: ...

In this study we hypothesized that there is a correlation between serum leptin levels and body mass indices within patients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa during a twelve weeks' course of in-patient treatment. We evaluated leptin levels weekly in female in-patients with anorexia (n = 17) or bulimia nervosa ...

Malnutrition is common and often undiagnosed in affected patients, especially those in the hospital, and is associated with impaired organ function, increased morbidity, and prolongation of hospital stay. It should be recognized and treated appropriately, because artificial nutritional support in malnourished patients leads to improvement in nutritional status and clinical ...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine whether nutritional state was related to infectious complications in adult patients with acute leukemia. METHODS: During first-remission induction therapy (mean, 71 days), the duration of neutropenia, various infections, and fevers were related to changes in body weight and serum albumin concentrations ...

No systematic studies have been carried out on the association of nutritional status with the severity of mucosal villous atrophy in newly diagnosed celiac disease patients. We examined the nutritional status of 40 adult patients with newly diagnosed celiac disease classified according to the grade of villous atrophy: partial, subtotal, ...

Lithium kinetics were studied in four manic-depressive women treated with calcitonin for post-menopausal osteoporosis. During calcitonin therapy all patients showed a significant decrease of lithium blood levels, and an increase in lithium renal clearance was observed in two out of two patients. According to these data, lithium therapy needs to ...

Because lithium is difficult to use, divalproex may be an effective alternative for elderly manic patients. In this study, the authors retrospectively assessed outcome of 21 patients, age 60 to 82 years, hospitalized for a manic episode and treated with divalproex. The mean final divalproex dose was 1,405 mg/day, and ...

Early enteral nutrition improves the outcome of severely injured patients. To provide enteral nutrition, various methods are available. In a restrospective study we analysed the outcome of 24 severely traumatized patients (mean ISS = 44), in whom a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) was used for enteral nutrition. All patients had ...

OBJECTIVE: In this prospective study, information was collected on all bipolar I patients who started lithium prophylaxis at a lithium clinic during more than 15 years. METHOD: Patients were evaluated bimonthly with standardized instruments for as long as they took lithium. Treatment surveillance conformed to internationally accepted guidelines. Five years ...

BACKGROUND: Hypophosphatemia is common in acutely ill patients and possibly may occur in the acute-phase response syndrome (APR), secondary to hyperglycemia and shifts of extracellular phosphorus into cells. AIM: To compare the frequency of hypophosphatemia in patients with or without APR. METHODS: All plasma phosphorus results (n = 822) corresponding ...

In this study the use of home parenteral and enteral nutrition (HPEN) therapy in geriatric patients and the effect of aging on the clinical outcome of HPEN therapy was assessed between 1985 and 1992. Data were obtained from Medicare (part B) parenteral and enteral nutrition workload statistics, Blue Cross and ...

We measured the level of resting energy expenditure (BEE) and its evolution in patients with multiple organ failure (MOF). We studied 30 patients requiring mechanical ventilation and sedation. REE was measured by means of a closed circuit method on days 1-5, 7, 10 and 14 after initiating the protocol. REE ...

The efficacy of lithium carbonate in the first reported case of a female with mild mental disability who engaged in public and compulsive masturbation is described. The patient was born in 1975, and was 19 years old at first admission. A diagnosis of schizophrenia was initially suspected, therefore the patient ...

The effect of nutrition therapies on wound healing is discussed. The article assumes that, in addition to biologic therapies, psychosocial factors influence wound healing. Psychosocial factors include the patient's personality, ways of coping, and family and cultural make-up. Clinicians should consider the patient's psychosocial history when planning and implementing biologic ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of cardiac output measurements obtained by lithium dilution and thermodilution. DESIGN: Case series, observational study. SETTING: High-dependency postoperative unit and intensive care unit of a teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Forty patients were studied. Thirty-four patients had undergoing heart surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass within the previous 2 ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the rates of exclusion and inclusion in various research studies for a series of 51 treatment-seeking patients. METHOD: The inclusion and exclusion criteria employed in a sample of 41 studies were applied to a series of 51 treatment-seeking bulimia nervosa patients. RESULTS: Of the sample of 51, ...

The prevalence of malnutrition and its predictive value for the incidence of complications were determined in 155 patients hospitalized for internal or gastrointestinal diseases. At admission, 45% of the patients were malnourished according to the Subjective Global Assessment (physical examination plus questionnaire), 57% according to the Nutritional Risk Index [(1.5 ...

The article briefly analyzes the concept of a person, arguing that personhood does not coincide with the actual enjoyment of certain intellectual capacities, but is coextensive with the embodiment of a human individual. Since in PVS patients we can observe a human individual functioning as a whole, we must conclude ...

1. Brain phosphorus metabolism was examined using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 4 patients with anorexia nervosa. 2. In 4 patients examined before treatment, phosphodiester (PDE) peak area was significantly higher than that in 13 normal females. 3. In 6 data points in 4 patients, lower levels of PME were ...

Twenty-two patients affected by bipolar or schizoaffective disorder, in whom carbamazepine was added to lithium after recurrence when on maintenance with lithium alone, were followed up prospectively for 2 to 13 years. The number of episodes, hospitalizations, and cumulative affective morbidity was markedly reduced after carbamazepine augmentation. Seventeen patients presented ...

Hepatoblastoma, a malignant hepatic tumor in children, is thought to be an embryonal tumor resulting from developmental disturbances during organogenesis. Although factors that might be involved in the tumorigenesis have been suggested, an association between hepatoblastoma and the patient's birth weight has not been reported. We have accessed the data ...

BACKGROUND: Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) run a high risk of becoming chronically ill and of dying. In the acute phase of their illness they present with numerous physical and laboratory abnormalities. However, little is known about the long-term prognostic value of these findings or about the medical morbidity in ...

Most of the traditional parameters for nutrition assessment have important limitations in patients with chronic liver disease. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has been found to be regulated by nutrition and proposed as a nutritional marker. Its nutritional significance in patients with liver cirrhosis, however, has not been investigated. Serum ...

The beta 2-Mg (beta 2-microglobulin) and GAG (glycosaminogyclan) excretions in 107 patients with bipolar disorder who had been on lithium treatment for 1-15 years were compared with 29 matched psychiatric control patients. 24-h urine volume, urine beta 2-Mg, GAG values were significantly higher, and maximal urinary osmolality was significantly lower ...

We report on a patient who developed severe lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) and neurotoxicity, despite recommended serum lithium levels. Hydrochlorothiazide and indomethacin appeared effective antipolyuric drugs, which led to a normalization of serum osmolality. After re-initiating lithium therapy, with lithium levels around 0.3 mmol/l, recurrence of NDI or neurotoxicity ...

We examined the hypothesis that weight loss in heart failure patients is associated with elevated daily energy expenditure. Twelve cachectic patients [age = 73 +/- 6 yr; weight loss = 15 +/- 6 kg; body mass index (BMI) = 21 +/- 5 kg/m2], 13 noncachectic patients (age = 67 +/- ...

We report two new cases of hyperparathyroidism during lithium therapy. The patients were a 50-year-old male and a 48-year-old female under lithium for bipolar disease. Both developed osteoporosis without fractures and laboratory test abnormalities consistent with moderate hyperparathyroidism. Although only 30 or so cases of lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism have been reported, ...

Some patients of biliary atresia (BA) suffer from chronic hepatic dysfunction and/or persistent jaundice. The adverse effects of chronic liver disease on nutrition and growth should be considered on BA patients. We studied 45 BA patients ranging in age from 0.5 to 38 years and divided them into 2 groups. ...

OBJECTIVE: Abnormalities of eating behavior are definitional components of eating disorders (ED), but are seldom observed directly. This study assessed abnormalities of eating behavior in ED patients before treatment and documented changes after multidisciplinary treatment. METHOD: Thirty-three ED patients (13 ANR, 10 ANB, 10 BN) and 10 controls selected a ...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate sexual function and behaviour in male patients who take lithium. Participants included 35 bipolar and schizoaffective men, aged 43.3 +/- 9.6 years, who were in euthymic state and were receiving lithium as the sole medical treatment. Eleven patients (31.4%) reported sexual ...

Excess mortality has repeatedly been found in patients with recurrent affective disorders. In previous studies our group has shown that during long-term lithium treatment the mortality of such patients is not significantly higher than that of the general population. In the present study, we extended our investigation to 273 patients ...

The recent availability of portable ion selective electrodes (ISE) for clinical applications has enabled lithium estimations to be performed instantly and at close proximity to patients. The significance of this is, not in the accuracy of the determination, but in the speed of the feedback provided to doctor and patient, ...

BACKGROUND: Hypophosphatemia has been reported after refeeding of malnourished patients. Nutritional support is often delayed in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) as a consequence of enteral intolerance and bowel hypomotility. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence, risk factors, and clinical impact of refeeding hypophosphatemia in a heterogeneous group of ...

Failure to downregulate resting energy expenditure (REE) as an adaption to anorexia or malabsorption is often stated as the major cause of weight loss in individuals with AIDS. In a prospective study, REE was compared with weight changes in HIV-infected patients. The impact of altered body composition on REE was ...

The objective of the study was to identify, in detail, the characteristics of stealing behavior and eventual associated psychopathology in a large group of eating-disordered patients. A sample of 155 females meeting DSM-III-R criteria for anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa BN completed the Stealing Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) and other ...

Hitherto, there has been no systematic evaluation of the nutritional status of HD patients in Thailand. 27 patients awaiting renal transplantation, 19 M 8 F, age 47.2 +/- 8.6 y (mean +/- SD), underwent HD at Ramathibodi Hospital. Dietary assessment revealed the average daily intake of men and women to ...

OBJECTIVES: Obesity is thought to be one of the conditions in which the impedance cardiographic method is less reliable for estimating stroke volume (SV). This led to the introduction of a weight correction factor, sigma, into the equation according to Sramek and Bernstein. However, no scientific evidence has been published ...

Recent cases in our Eating Disorders Clinic suggest that patients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa seeking surgical fat removal may be exhibiting a variant of the purging behavior seen in bulimic patients. These same patients exhibit historical or concurrent abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics or self-induced vomiting in a pathologic attempt ...

Choline-containing compounds (Cho) were examined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in the left subcortical region, including basal ganglia, in 19 euthymic patients with bipolar disorder and 19 age-matched normal controls. Ten of the patients were treated with lithium; the remaining 9 were not treated with lithium for at least ...

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with a reduced metabolically active fat-free mass (FFM) and basal metabolic rate (BMR). Excessive refeeding results in major fat deposition which is not well tolerated by patients. Prediction of BMR is, therefore, a clinical issue during refeeding, but measurement by indirect calorimetry is time-consuming and ...

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has become an important tool in the management of acutely ill patients and in patients unable to tolerate oral nutrition. Although the benefits of this treatment are obvious, there are various hepatobiliary complications associated with use of TPN. We review the spectrum of liver and biliary ...

BACKGROUND: A consensus as to whether hypertonic dextrose should be given to patients with chronic liver diseases such as cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis after major hepatectomy has not been reached, mostly because metabolism in the remnant liver switches from utilization of blood glucose to utilization predominantly of fatty acid as ...

The requirements for essential fatty acids in patients on home parenteral nutrition are not well described. We therefore studied the needs of 12 patients receiving parenteral nutrition for at least 4 mo (range: 4 mo-17.3 yr; mean 7.0 +/- 5.2 yr). Prior to the study, each patient had been receiving ...

A total of 97 patients with eating disorders who visited the Department of Neuro-Psychiatry, Yamagata University Hospital, between 1978 and 1992 were studied. According to the diagnostic criteria of DSM-III-R, there were 48 cases of anorexia nervosa (AN). 38 cases of bulimia nervosa (BN) and 11 cases with both AN ...

BACKGROUND/AIM: This is a study of patients with asymptomatic celiac disease. The aims of this study were: 1) To evaluate the nutritional status of asymptomatic patients with newly diagnosed celiac disease, and 2) to compare these findings with those of untreated/symptomatic and treated patients. MATERIAL: We examined 41 patients with ...

BACKGROUND: Controversy remains over the magnitude and reversibility of reduced renal function in long-term lithium patients. METHODS: Thirteen patients with 18 years (range 15-24) on lithium discontinued the treatment, and were re-examined twice after 5 and 9 weeks (4-16) off lithium. They were compared to a non-lithium psychiatric control group, ...

Although lymphoid malignancies have been widely studied at the molecular level, no group has reported on the simultaneous investigation of t(14;18) chromosomal translocation, B-cell clonality and bcl2 gene expression. We have performed PCR analysis of t(14;18) translocation and B-cell clonality as well as semi-quantitation of bcl2 expression by Western blotting ...