Abnormalities in nutritional status of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients include too high body mass (overweight, obesity), too low body mass (underweight, starvation) or changes in body composition (malnutrition) without or with normal body weight. In vivo neutron activation analysis is considered the reference gold standard for the determination of protein ...

To evaluate the obstetric outcome of pregnant patients with small stature (<5th percentile) with regard to the mode of delivery, maternal injuries, and neonatal parameters. Retrospective cohort analysis of 13 years of deliveries. Two groups: group A, patients with a height below the 5th percentile, and group B, patients with ...

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) is unknown. Besides immunoregulatory, genetic and environmental aspects, a nutritional impact is also encountered. Whether taste perception exerts any influence on an increased consumption of carbohydrates is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate nutritional habits and taste perception in CD patients, either in active or ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine interventions used to manage malnutrition, and obesity, and to share experiences, concerns, and solutions to these problems for management of nutritional disorders in Saudi patients on maintenance hemodialysis. METHODS: The subjects included in this cross-sectional study were chronic hemodialysis patients in the Prince Salman Center for Kidney ...

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is common among peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Recently, the Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index (GNRI) was found to be a reliable tool for screening malnutrition in hemodialysis patients. However, the GNRI has not been validated in PD patients. METHODS: We studied 314 unselected, adult PD patients from a single ...

We assessed performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), measuring executive functions, in 30 patients showing different prophylactic effect of lithium (excellent lithium responders-ER, partial responders-PR and non-responders-NR), and in fifty persons of their offspring (12 of ER, 26 of PR, and 12 of NR). Age- and gender head-to-head ...

OBJECTIVE: Malnutrition is widely prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease. Our primary objective was to assess the utility of subjective global assessment (SGA) as an indicator of malnutrition in patients with diabetic nephropathy. DESIGN: This pilot study evaluated the extent of malnutrition, using a combination of SGA, anthropometric, and ...

Serum prealbumin level is useful for assessment of changes in nutritional status but it is markedly affected by the inflammation. In this study, we examined the efficacy of the corrected rapid turnover protein increment index (CRII) for prealbumin, which is calculated as [prealbumin level/C-reactive protein (CRP) level on the assessment ...

OBJECTIVE: Nutrition and growth are important outcome indicators in pediatric (Ped) hemodialysis (HD) patients. We hypothesized that there is a discrepancy among traditional measures of nutrition, and that adequate nutrition may not reliably predict growth. METHODS: We assessed longitudinal nutrition and growth parameters in 14 Ped HD patients over 1 ...

Intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) is used infrequently to correct hypoalbuminemia in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. We hypothesized that the severity of baseline hypoalbuminemia correlates with the success rate of IDPN therapy in MHD patients. In a prospective and contemporary cohort of 196 hypoalbuminemic MHD patients who received IDPN through Pentec ...

Assessment of the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP), together with the patient's nutritional status is crucial in the decision making process that determines the need for artificial nutrition. Both should be done on admission and at frequent intervals thereafter. The indication for nutritional support in AP is actual or anticipated ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Little is known about energy requirements in brain injured (TBI) patients, despite evidence suggesting adequate nutritional support can improve clinical outcomes. The study aim was to compare predicted energy requirements with measured resting energy expenditure (REE) values, in patients recovering from TBI. METHODS: Indirect calorimetry (IC) was ...

AIM: The Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS) has been proposed for the assessment of nutritional status in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. The MIS and the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) for serial monitoring of nutritional status in PD patients were compared. METHODS: The change in the MIS and SGA overall score of ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Hypertriglyceridemia is commonly observed in patients with enterocutaneous fistulas, compromising their health status. In this study potential causes for hypertriglyceridemia in patients with an enterocutaneous fistula are explored and treatment options discussed accordingly. METHODS: A database was created consisting of all consecutively treated patients with an enterocutaneous ...

The malnutrition common among patients with ALS can be attributed in some cases to increased resting energy expenditure (REE). However, the origins and evolution of this hypermetabolism have yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to monitor REE over time in patients with ALS and ...

OBJECTIVE: Weight gain is an established side effect of atypical antipsychotics in patients with severe mental illness (SMI). Previous studies have shown positive effects of nutritional interventions in weight loss. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a nutritional intervention on the body weight and body ...

INTRODUCTION: Crohn's disease (CD) may lead to protein and calorie malnutrition (PCM) secondary to impaired digestive and absorptive functions of the small intestine and sometimes to the influence of diet taboos. The earlier the PCM is diagnosed, the higher are the odds of reversal. The objective of this study was ...

AIM: Neuro-muscular adaptations to the loss or increase in body weight may induce postural alterations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of body weight alterations on postural stability in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia. METHODS: The study enrolled 15 women affected by anorexia nervosa (AN), ...

BACKGROUND: Body weight provides limited information about nutritional status of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to determine body composition (BC) changes, to find clinical predictors and endocrine correlates of total body protein (TBPr) depletion, and to compare results on fat mass (FM) obtained with anthropometry (skinfold ...

Abnormalities of nutrition status are a common problem in children on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and a source of significant morbidity and mortality. The state of decreased body protein mass and fuel reserves (body protein and fat mass) common in PD patients is now better known as protein-energy wasting (PEW). Protein-energy ...

BACKGROUND: Limited knowledge exists on vascular risk factors, body height and weight in patients with spontaneous cervical artery dissection (sCAD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this case-control study, major vascular risk factors, body weight, body height and body mass index (BMI) of 239 patients obtained from a prospective hospital-based sCAD registry ...

OBJECTIVES: Total blood homocysteine (Hcys) and folate levels have been investigated in association with cognitive dysfunction in healthy but not in multimorbid elderly patients. We hypothesized that total serum Hcys is an adequate marker to identify multimorbid elderly patients with cognitive dysfunction assessed by the Short Cognitive Performance Test (SKT) ...

OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether patients with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were prone to be diagnosed as malnourished by subjective global assessment (SGA) by simultaneously evaluating SGA and other indices of nutrition in a cross-sectional survey of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. PATIENTS AND METHOD: From June 2006 to June 2007, 214 PD ...

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients seem to maintain a better nutrition status than do hemodialysis patients, and some develop overweight. The clinical relevance of overweight in PD is uncertain. We assessed nutrition status and evaluated the prevalence of overweight in PD patients, and we explored the association of overweight with demographic, ...

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of protein intake of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) would facilitate optimal nutritional support. However, this has never been done based on urinary urea nitrogen (UUN). The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of the estimated protein intake (EPI) based on UUN in patients with ...

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) frequently experience loss of appetite (anorexia), which increases in severity during the disease progression. The optimal medical assessment of an anorectic patient depends on an appropriate knowledge of the associated signs and symptoms. Some of these signs are diagnostic of anorexia in CKD. The ...

Preclinical and clinical studies gave evidence that lithium could be useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In experimental investigations, lithium induces brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Recent studies have found a decrease of BDNF in the serum and brains of AD patients with potentially consecutive lack of neurotrophic support. ...

BACKGROUND: A poor nutritional state is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events in end-stage renal disease. It is unclear whether malnutrition itself can induce cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examined the impact of nutritional status on patients' arterial stiffness in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 121 ...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Several articles have described body composition in anorexia nervosa, whereas little is known about this issue in underweight ballet dancers and constitutionally lean females. The main aim of this study was to assess whether phase angle (a bioimpedance variable related to body cell mass) differs according to the type ...

BACKGROUND: Spirometry plays an essential role in the diagnosis and management of pulmonary diseases. The accurate interpretation of spirometric data depends on comparison to a reference population to identify abnormalities in ventilatory function. National guidelines recommended the use of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) III data set ...

There is limited information on the nutrition impact of antitumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment in adult Crohn's disease (CD). This study was performed to examine the effect of a 6-month course of infliximab on enterocyte function, nutrient status, metabolism, and body composition in these patients. Seven CD patients were assessed for ...

Nutritional support, addressing the specific needs of this patient group, is required to help improve prognosis, and reduce the consequences of cancer-associated nutritional decline. Early intervention with nutritional supplementation has been shown to halt malnutrition, and may improve outcome in some patients. In our study we tried to assess the ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Protein catabolism is common among critically ill patients, contributing to organ dysfunction, muscle weakness, prolonged mechanical ventilation and length of stay in the ICU, with adverse impact on patient prognosis and resource utilization. Neither adequate enteral nutrition nor parenteral nutrition stems this catabolism. Recombinant growth hormone supplementation ...

BACKGROUND: A previous study aimed at revealing the prevalence and determinants of lithium induced polyuria suggested an increased risk of polyuria (urine volume > or =3 L/24 h) in those using serotonergic antidepressants next to lithium. OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to re-evaluate this secondary finding in another ...

The objective of the study was to investigate the low back load during repositioning of patients in bed and to assess the influence of patient's weight and disability. Nine female health care workers (HCWs) carried out six patient-handling tasks with different patient weight (59 +/- 1, 83 +/- 2 and ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Muscle wasting is considered the best marker of protein-energy wasting in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We tested the usefulness of a simple observer subjective muscle atrophy (MA) grading in relation to morbidity and mortality in ESRD patients. METHODS: In two different ESRD cohorts (265 incident patients starting ...

Obesity is a chronic disease that is linked to the presence of numerous chronic illnesses, including venous disease. Venous disease can lead to chronic wounds, which may be exacerbated by vitamin, mineral, and macro-nutritional deficiencies. A cross-sectional observational design was used to examine the nutritional status of patients with chronic ...

OBJECTIVE: To identify current clinical practice regarding nutrition and its association with morbidity and mortality in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock in Germany. DESIGN: Nationwide prospective, observational, cross-sectional, 1-day point-prevalence study. SETTING: The study included 454 intensive care units from a representative sample of 310 hospitals stratified by ...

OBJECTIVE: To establish correlations between nutritional, functional and respiratory indices of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHOD: Twenty patients (13 appendicular-GA and 7 bulbar-GB) were included in the multidisciplinary study at the Neurological Clinic Ambulatory of the University of Campinas Hospital. RESULTS: Among the GA type significant correlation was ...

Autonomic nerve system is considered to be involved in bipolar affective disorder (BAD) or to be influenced by valproate monotherapy or valproate plus lithium combination. We planned to assess the effects of medication on atrial and ventricular conduction. The electrocardiography records were performed with eligible 15 patients with valproate, 20 ...

BACKGROUND: Second generation antipsychotics (SGA) induce substantial weight gain but the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon remain speculative. OBJECTIVE: To explore eating behaviors among SGA-treated patients and compare them with nonschizophrenic healthy sedentary individuals (controls). METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Appetite sensations were recorded before and after a standardized breakfast using visual ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Little is known about the fatty acid status of uterine cervical neoplasm patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the plasma phospholipid fatty acid (FA) profile along with nutrition status of cervical cancer patients. METHODS: A controlled cross-sectional study with uterine ...

Acute kidney injury in critically ill patients is often a complication of an underlying condition such as organ failure, sepsis, or drug therapy. In these patients, stress-induced hypercatabolism results in loss of body cell mass. Unless nutrition support is provided, malnutrition and negative nitrogen balance may ensue. Because of metabolic, ...

Background: Nutrition and hydration of the dialysis patients have major influences on the outcomes of chronic hemodialysis. Purpose: To characterize the states of nutrition and hydration in patients on chronic hemodialysis at Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) and to evaluate the usefulness of measurements by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for ...

Patients with severe neurological disorders often require enteral nutrition (EN). Since long-term EN can cause multiple complications, reinstating the oral intake of food is beneficial. Olfactory stimulation using black pepper oil (BPO), a strong appetite stimulant, was reported to facilitate swallowing in older people. Therefore, the effects of olfactory stimulation ...

There has been tremendous growth in the number of patients seeking body contouring procedures after massive weight loss. Most patients desire improvement of the abdominotorso region first. After massive weight loss, there is enormous variability of body proportions, and therefore there have been many surgical options proposed based on the ...

Malnutrition has increasingly been acknowledged as an important prognostic factor which can influence the clinical outcome of patients suffering from end-stage liver disease (ESLD). Despite the fact that malnutrition is not included in the Child-Pugh classification, its presence should alert clinicians to the same extent as do other complications, such ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term effects of neonatal short bowel syndrome on cognitive functions during development. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Nine patients diagnosed with short bowel syndrome during the neonatal period were enrolled in this study. Their medical records were reviewed; anthropometric measurements and blood ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the serum concentration of amino acids (AAs) and nutritional status in hemodialysis (HD) patients. METHODS: This study was performed in 22 HD patients dialyzed for 10 to 288 months, and in a control group of 20 healthy volunteers. ...

BACKGROUND: Protein/caloric malnutrition is a problem in chronically haemodialysed patients, and is an independent risk factor for increased mortality in these patients. OBJECTIVES: To assess the safety and efficiency of intradialytic parenteral nutritional (IDPN) as nutritional support in acutely ill haemodialysis patients. METHODS: Twenty-two haemodialysis patients received IDPN after either ...