To determine the most common location of parathyroid adenomas. Data from 147 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism in Montreal at a McGill University teaching hospital between January 2001 and January 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with histopathologic confirmation of parathyroid hyperplasia were excluded from the study (n = ...

To evaluate vitamin D status in patients with basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) who practice photoprotection because of their genetic predisposition to skin cancer and to determine risk factors for deficiency. Retrospective cohort study. Academic medical centers. Forty-one ambulatory patients with BCNS who participated in a 2-year chemoprevention clinical trial. ...

OBJECTIVE: Many patients with primary hyperparathyroidism either decline or are not candidates for surgical parathyroidectomy. There are drawbacks to medical therapy as well as percutaneous ethanol injection as alternative therapies for primary hyperparathyroidism. Therefore, in this pilot study, our aim was to test the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a ...

Hypercalcemia occurs in 10-20% of patients with hyperthyroidism, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. To evaluate changes in parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTH-rP) concentration in hyperthyroid patients compared with healthy controls. We studied PTH-rP, parathormone (PTH) and ionized calcium levels in 153 hyperthyroid patients, and 89 control subjects. These variables were ...

Obesity is associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism in the general population. It is unknown whether body mass index (BMI) affects parathyroid hormone (PTH) level and its association with mortality in dialysis patients. From a prospective cohort study of incident dialysis patients in the Netherlands (NECOSAD), we selected all patients with recorded ...

Abnormal vitamin D levels are common in bariatric surgery patients. The incidence of deficiencies and the response to therapy is not accurately delineated. The purpose of this study was to define the vitamin D status of patients who undergo either a malabsorptive (gastric bypass) or restrictive (adjustable gastric band) bariatric ...

To determine the efficacy and safety of cinacalcet, a calcimimetic drug that suppress parathyroid hormone (PTH) production, we studied its effect on 20 patients (13 males) on maintenance hemodialysis (HD), 80% of them have persistent high PTH levels (i.e. more than 80 pmol/L), the remaining patients had PTH levels more ...

Neuropsychiatric and hematological manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency are well known. The present report highlights the biochemical basis for the impaired synthesis of DNA and neurological disorders associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. We present a case of an old patient who developed acute ataxia, dizziness and imbalance 2 days after ...

To determine patient and treatment characteristics associated with vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in an UK inner city HIV-1-positive adult cohort. Two hundred twenty-seven HIV-positive patients attending prospectively for routine blood tests in winter had serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations and other routine chemistry measured. Those with and ...

Vitamin D deficiency has received increased academic interest because of its association with many common disease processes. The goal of our study was to document the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. A retrospective chart review of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (ng/ml) levels at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center was conducted ...

We aimed to investigate effects of vitamins C and E (VCE) supplementation with exercise (EX) on antioxidant vitamin and lipid peroxidation (LP) levels in blood of patients with fibromyalgia (FM). A controlled study was performed on blood samples from 32 female FM patients and 30 age-matched controls. The patients were ...

BACKGROUND: Seasonal and racial differences in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels have been studied extensively in the general population but not in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). METHODS: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, the best available index of vitamin D nutrition, was measured at the end of summer (September) in 142 ...

A healthy 5-year-old Caucasian girl presented to the pediatric dermatology clinic for poor hair growth. The patient's father described slow hair growth and finely textured hair since birth. The patient had her first haircut 1 month before presentation. The family denied bald areas on the scalp, significant hair shedding, and ...

A case of pseudovitamin D deficiency (Vitamin D dependent rickets type I) is presented, who initially responded to physiological doses of calcitriol but developed nephrolithiasis and hypercalciuria around puberty. Hypercalciuria was corrected after stopping calcitriol. Pseudo vitamin D deficiency rickets also called vitamin D dependent rickets type I (VDDR 1) ...

Biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) is a form of bariatric surgery that produces substantial and sustained weight loss, improved co-morbidities, and a higher quality of life. However, it does have associated sequelae such as vitamin D deficiency. With limited published data, a comprehensive review of vitamin D levels in BPD patients was ...

BACKGROUND: Investigate whether changes in vitamin D levels affected erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) requirements in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with anemia. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of nondialysis-dependent patients with CKD of all stages. Patients were anemic and on ESA with at least 2 documented 25-hydroxylated vitamin D (D25) ...

Deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) is a stimulus for the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). During surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism, 25OHD deficiency may artificially elevate PTH, decreasing the sensitivity of intraoperative PTH (ioPTH) measurements. Of 351 patients with known 25OHD status who underwent curative surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism, 198 ...

BACKGROUND: Parathyroid carcinoma (PCa) is a rare disease that can be difficult to differentiate initially from severe benign parathyroid adenoma. PCa oversecrete the amino form of PTH, which is recognized by third-generation but not by second-generation PTH immunoassays. In normal individuals, the third-generation to second-generation PTH ratio should be less ...

BACKGROUND: Familial hyperparathyroidism, especially Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1, is more likely to present with primary hyperparathyroidism (1 degrees HPT) at a young age, mandating bilateral exploration of the parathyroid glands. However, the majority of young patients will not be gene carriers or have a family history. Recent evidence suggests ...

BACKGROUND: Focused parathyroidectomy (FP) is offered to 60% to 70% of patients presenting to our unit with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). A recent report identified bilateral internal jugular venous sampling (BIJVS) as a useful tool for localization of parathyroid adenomas in patients with scan-negative PHPT. The purpose of this study was ...

This study examined the changes of activities of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (VKDCF) under various pathological conditions and explored the relationship between acquired deficiency of VKDCFs and hemorrhage. Clinical data of 35 patients who were diagnosed as having acquired deficiency of VKDCF were retrospectively analyzed. Coagulation factors involved in the ...

The aim of the present study was to examine the utility of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (ioPTH) monitoring in patients with secondary (2) and tertiary (3) hyperparathyroidism (HPT). We identified 105 patients with 2HPT (n = 33) and 3HPT (n = 72) who underwent ioPTH monitoring during parathyroidectomy. Data are reported ...

Clinical management of mineral bone disorder in patients with kidney failure is guided by biochemical targets, in particular parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration. The biologic variation of PTH and other bone mineral markers was measured in hemodialysis patients to better define their role in management. Intact PTH, biointact (whole-molecule) PTH, calcium, ...

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by an increased skin cancer risk due to defective repair of ultraviolet (UV)-radiation induced DNA damage. Therefore patients with XP are required to apply stringent sun-protection. Since the skin needs UV-B irradiation for de novo vitamin D synthesis, it has ...

Vitamin D displays many extraosseous immunomodulatory effects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the level of vitamin D in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to analyze the associations between the concentration of the vitamin and clinical manifestations. In March-April 2009, 65 consecutive SSc patients underwent evaluation of ...

PURPOSE: Multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (MTKIs) are the standard in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). In spite their clinical activity, interaction with physiological functions has been shown. Here, we report on alterations of the bone mineral metabolism in patients with mRCC treated with MTKIs. METHODS: Fifty-nine patients ...

The roles of vitamin D, mediated through its conversion to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (calcitriol), have been expanded recently through new knowledge about the range of tissues capable of activating it and the breadth of the genes under its regulatory control. This basic science together with the fact that numerous studies across ...

INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D3 has diverse biological effects extending beyond the maintenance of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and ensuring the proper functioning of the body. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the levels of vitamin D3 and its association with nutritional status, immunological activity, and selected markers of cardiovascular disease in patients on ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of patient and adenoma characteristics on (99m)Tc-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile (MIBI) scan performance in individuals diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP). METHODS: Records of patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for PHP over 6 years at a single center were reviewed. RESULTS: The overall ...

BACKGROUND: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) deficiency or hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy is not an uncommon postoperative complication. Patients who have PTH deficiency will develop profound hypocalcemia if not properly treated with oral calcium supplementation and activated vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or calcitriol). However, there is little published on the long-term outcomes of ...

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency (VDDI) is common in CKD patients and may be associated with abnormal mineral metabolism. It is not clear whether the K/DOQI recommended doses of ergocalciferol are adequate for correction of VDDI and hyperparathyroidism. METHODS: Retrospective study of 88 patients with CKD Stages 1 - 5 and ...

BACKGROUND: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has a variable clinical presentation and symptomatic PHPT is still the predominant form of the disease in India. Data from western India is lacking. AIM: To present the clinical profile of PHPT from western India. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary ...

Low vitamin D levels have been found in patients with autoimmune diseases, including type I diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The main source of vitamin D is exposure to sunlight, but the same solar radiation is known to exacerbate lupus erythematosus. We investigated the prevalence of ...

Although many studies have recently addressed the mineral and bone disorder of chronic kidney disease (CKD-MBD), only limited information is available for elderly dialysis patients. We prospectively collected serum phosphorus, calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25(OH) vitamin D, albumin, C-reactive protein, protein intake and CKD-MBD treatments in 9169 maintenance haemodialysis patients ...

In Taiwan, urolithiasis remains a common manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). We designed this study to estimate the prevalence of PHPT in asymptomatic adults and to assess the complications already present when the disease was diagnosed. In the first phase of the study, we retrospectively reviewed 50 patients diagnosed with ...

Previous reports have demonstrated a significant incidence of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency after bariatric surgery. The purpose of the present study was to determine the incidence of vitamin A deficiency after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and to correlate the laboratory findings with ocular symptoms potentially related to vitamin A deficiency. All patients ...

Hypophosphataemic rickets/osteomalacia (HRO) is an uncommon metabolic bone disorder which affects all ages and either sex. It is characterized by low concentration of serum phosphate levels leading to impairment of mineralization of bone matrix with variable aetiology. We present clinical profile and treatment outcome of 17 patients of HRO. Seventeen ...

Measurement of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) level following total thyroidectomy (TTx) may allow prediction of postoperative hypocalcemia. We present an algorithmic method of managing hypocalcemia pre-emptively, based on the PTH level 1 h after operation. We examined 423 consecutive patients undergoing TTx at a single institution. A subset of patients ...

There is increasing evidence for health benefits accomplished by activated vitamin D through interaction with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) that go beyond calcium and bone homeostasis and regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. Treatment with vitamin D receptor agonists (VDRAs) is associated with reduced mortality in (pre)dialysis patients. Interestingly, ...

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of current treatment recommendations for vitamin D insufficiency in children with CF is unknown. Therefore, we assessed the effectiveness of vitamin D(2) 50,000 IU once daily for 28 days for vitamin D insufficiency. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of pediatric CF patients from 2006-2008. Vitamin D(2) 50,000 IU ...

BACKGROUND: Hypocalcemia after severe shock or sepsis stimulates release of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which abates with recovery. Sustained sepsis with multiple organ failure (MOF), however, may cause a resurgent release of PTH and life-threatening hypercalcemia. METHODS: Thirty critically ill patients with prolonged sepsis developed combined hypercalcemia with elevated serum PTH ...

BACKGROUND: Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) can be complicated by reactive macrophage activation syndrome (rMAS). The objective of this study was to evaluate vitamin B(12) values in AOSD with and without rMAS. METHODS: All patients' files with AOSD in one center were retrospectively reviewed. Hemophagocytosis was defined as phagocytosis of various ...

Lanthanum carbonate is a non-calcium-based phosphate binder for hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The efficacy and safety of lanthanum carbonate (LaC) on hyperphosphatemia in patients has been well documented in clinical trials in Western countries and recent relatively short-term clinical trials in Japan. Evidence supporting its safety ...

We report an unusual case of hypocalcemia and respiratory distress related to acid-suppressive therapy. The patient was a 50-year-old woman with bilateral laryngeal paralysis and hypoparythyroidism resulting from a thyroidectomy performed more than 30 years previously. She required large doses of calcium supplementation to maintain a normal calcium level. Her ...

Liver has an important role in metabolism of vitamin D. This study aimed to evaluate the patterns of vitamin D-parathyroid hormone (PTH) disturbance and correlate it in patients with non-cholestatic chronic liver disease (CLD). A total of 40 healthy controls and 90 consecutive patients with evidence of non-cholestatic CLD due ...

Accelerated cardiovascular calcification often occurs in patients with cardiovascular disease who are on hemodialysis. We performed a meta-analysis to compare the effects of sevelamer hydrochloride and calcium-based phosphate binders on coronary artery calcification, C-reactive protein, alkaline phosphatase and intact parathyroid hormone in patients undergoing hemodialysis. We used the key words ...

Background. Management of multiple-endocrine neoplasia type 1- (MEN1-) associated hyperparathyroidism is associated with high recurrence rates and high surgical morbidity due to multiple neck explorations. Cinacalcet, a calcimimetic agent licensed for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid carcinoma, may provide a medical alternative for the management of these complex ...

Patients with growth hormone releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR) mutations exhibit pronounced dwarfism and are phenotypically and biochemically indistinguishable from other forms of isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD). We presented here two siblings with clinical findings of IGHD due to a nonsense mutation in the GHRHR gene who reached their target ...

In the long term, secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) causes severe osseous and non-osseous problems in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Active vitamin D metabolites, i.e. calcitriol and alfacalcidol, have been utilized for sHPT treatment for more than 20 years. Yet, data on predialysis CKD patients are rather sparse. We monitored ...

A previous study showed that combination of zinc and vitamin A reduced sputum conversion time in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients. We studied the efficacy of which single micronutrient contributed more to the sputum conversion time. In a double-blind randomized community trial, newly sputum smear positive pulmonary TB patients were assigned ...