Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are believed to be involved in the pathologic processes behind Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we aimed to examine the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in individuals with AD dementia and cognitively healthy elderly individuals, and to investigate their ...

Oligomers of the amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) play an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that AD patients have a central nervous system environment that promotes Abeta oligomerization. We investigated the effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 33 patients with AD and 33 age-matched, non-demented controls on oligomerization of ...

BACKGROUND: The problem of adequate diagnosis of hydrocephalus followed by administration of an effective treatment has not yet been properly solved. Specifically, this pertains to the decision about the surgical insertion of a flow diverting device. AIMS: A lumbar infusion test was used to examine the compensatory parameters of intracranial ...

Non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an important subject threatening public health. There is not a marker for early detection of this cancer type in practice yet. When studies on this subject were searched, cytokines show promise in diagnosis and guiding treatment. The reason for selecting serum M-CSF and ...

Ferrous iron, released from iron deposits in the motor cortex and other brain regions of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, participates in the Fenton reaction in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) alongside H(2)O(2), which is continuously released by neuronal cells. In vivo, the production of notoriously reactive hydroxyl radicals via this reaction ...

Neurochemical Dementia Diagnostics (NDD), i.e., analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of amyloid-beta peptides and tau/phospho-tau proteins plays important role in the diagnosis of neurodegeneration and dementias. Several studies show alterations of these biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, only a few reports address alterations of other CSF biomarkers ...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau ratio decrease (33kDa/55kDa forms) and mid-saggital midbrain-to-pons (MP) atrophy have been suggested as diagnostic markers for progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The usefulness of their combined evaluation has never been tested. We evaluated the CSF tau ratio and the MP atrophy as a combined marker for early ...

Gait apraxia is most commonly a part of the Hakimov triad (gait apraxia, urinary incontinence, dementia) in normotensive hydrocephalus (NPH), although it may be a symptom of some other conditions. In our case the patient was a long term Parkinson's disease sufferer who developed normotensive hydrocephalus and consequently gait apraxia. ...

PCR in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has become the sole method used for the diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). Nevertheless, PCR results may sometimes be false negative, and in this situation other techniques may be useful. 3 patients hospitalised for meningoencephalitis with fever showed a negative result for herpes ...

In this study, we assessed whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the biomarker α-synuclein have a diagnostic value in differential diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We also analyzed associations between CSF biomarkers and cognitive performance in DLB and in AD. We included 35 DLB ...

Procalcitonin concentrations are considered as a component of the inflammatory response and as an acute-phase marker, after shock or tissue injury (i.e. burn, trauma, surgery) or infections and sepsis. No data are so far available on the dynamics of procalcitonin levels in patients with cardiogenic shock following ST-elevation myocardial infarction, ...

BACKGROUND: The metabolism of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and beta-amyloid (Abeta) is widely studied in Alzheimer's disease, where Abeta deposition and plaque development are essential components of the pathogenesis. However, the physiological role of amyloid in the adult nervous system remains largely unknown. We have previously found altered cerebral amyloid ...

BACKGROUND: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a heterogeneous condition, and the prognosis differs within the group. Recent findings suggest that hippocampal volumetry and CSF biomarkers can be used to predict which MCI patients have an underlying neurodegenerative disorder. OBJECTIVE: To examine the combined predictive value of hippocampal volume and CSF ...

The clinical diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) can be supported by several biochemical markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) such as 14-3-3 proteins and tau protein. Unfortunately, none of the currently known markers are suited for screening or seems to be directly related to the pathophysiological process. A marker fulfilling these ...

Recent genetic and pathological studies have suggested that a lipoprotein receptor, LR11, is intricately implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). We have recently established a novel sandwich ELISA, which enabled the sensitive quantification of a soluble LR11 (sLR11). By this ELISA, we attempted to determine the difference in ...

BACKGROUND: There is evidence that immunological factors may be involved in pathogenic mechanisms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-12 are proinflammatory cytokines produced by activated blood and glial cells. They promote T cell differentiation and proliferation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We measured by ELISA serum and cerebrospinal fluid ...

In this study we investigated the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of neurofilament light (NFL) and heavy chain (NFHp35), total tau (t-tau), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) to detect disease specific profiles in sporadic Creutzfeldt Jakob disease (sCJD) patients and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. CSF levels of NFL, NFHp35, t-tau, ...

BACKGROUND: Prognosis assessment of patients with infectious and neoplastic disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) may still pose a challenge. In this retrospective cross-sectional study the prognostic value of basic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters in patients with bacterial meningitis, viral meningoencephalitis and leptomeningeal metastases were evaluated. METHODS: White blood ...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) including chronic small vessel disease of the brain (SVD) are the most frequent causes of dementia. AD is associated with metabolism of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and low levels of amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) X-42 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CVD and SVD are ...

Pathophysiological mechanisms involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are complex and none has identified reliable markers useful in routine patient evaluation. The aim of this study was to analyze the CSF of patients with ALS by (1)H NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy in order to identify biomarkers in the early ...

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an uncommon cerebrovascular condition with unknown etiology characterized by slowly progressive stenosis or occlusion of the bilateral internal carotid arteries associated with an abnormal vascular network. MMD is a major cause of stroke, specifically in the younger population. Diagnosis is based on only radiological features as ...

In 70-80% of cases, neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is associated with highly specific serum auto-antibodies to aquaporin-4 (termed AQP4-Ab or NMO-IgG). Recent evidence strongly suggests that AQP4-Ab are directly involved in the immunopathogenesis of NMO. To assess the frequency, syndrome specificity, diagnostic relevance, and origin of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AQP4-Ab in ...

In disease-endemic areas, severe cysticercal meningitis (SCM) is characterized by intense inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and negative bacterial and fungal cultures. There have been no systematic studies of SCM. We characterized patients with SCM and compare them with neurocysticercosis (NC) patients with mild CSF abnormalities by conducting a nine-year retrospective ...

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of clonal disorders of the bone marrow characterized by peripheral cytopenias. Standard treatment in low- and intermediate-I-risk MDS is supportive therapy consisting of regular transfusions and growth factors, that is, erythropoietin (Epo) and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Because flow cytometric analysis of MDS bone marrow ...

INTRODUCTION: The symptomatic central nervous system involvement is often seen in patients with miliary tuberculosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we evaluated 60 consecutive miliary tuberculosis patients, who presented with some neurological manifestations. Evaluation included neurological examination, a battery of blood tests, HIV serology, sputum examination, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ...

Neurodegenerative diseases characterized by cytoskeletal deformation and neurofibrillary tangles are associated with altered levels of tau and related proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Neuronal or glial fibrillary tangles have been shown in 20% of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) patients. We therefore investigated CSF samples from 60 newly diagnosed SSPE and ...

In clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), the detection of oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is critical for space dissemination validation when magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnostic criteria are not fulfilled. However, lumbar puncture for CSF collection is considered relatively invasive. Previous studies have demonstrated applicability of OCB detection in ...

In this case-control study, ELISA and Western blot with whole bacterial protein lysate were performed on serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 15 controls and 15 patients. According to Griffin subtypes, 10 of our patients were in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) group, 3 in acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) ...

BACKGROUND: Progressive neurodegeneration may result in potentially severe cognitive and motor dysfunctions as a complication of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), a suggested IL-17A-associated inflammatory condition. To detect this complication (CNS-LCH) early and to evaluate the potential efficacy of therapeutic interventions, biomarkers detecting and measuring ongoing neurodegeneration would be valuable. We ...

Neurochemical Dementia Diagnostics (NDD), i.e., analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of amyloid-beta peptides and tau/phospho-tau proteins plays important role in the diagnosis of neurodegeneration and dementias. Several studies show alterations of these biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, only a few reports address alterations of other CSF biomarkers ...

Erythropoietin (EPO) acts as a neuroprotective factor and is upregulated after neuronal injury. It has been reported that in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, the EPO concentration is decreased. In this study, EPO levels in serum and CSF of 30 patients with ALS and in 15 ...

Recent studies have suggested an important role of the B cell chemoattractant CXCL13 in acute neuroborreliosis (NB). Our aim was to confirm the diagnostic role of CXCL13 and to evaluate its relevance as a therapy response and disease activity marker in NB. CXCL13 was measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and ...

For patients with brain tumors identification of diagnostic and prognostic markers in easy accessible biological material, such as plasma or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), would greatly facilitate patient management. MIC-1/GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15) is a secreted protein of the TGF-beta superfamily and emerged as a candidate marker exhibiting increasing mRNA ...

Early diagnosis in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of great importance since only a sufficient treatment in early stages of this disease helps to keep patients in an autonomous state for as long as possible. Until now, there is no single diagnostic biomarker for AD derived from material routinely ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Ventricular dilation and sulcal enlargement are common sequelae after aSAH. Our aim was to quantify the late ventricular dilation and volumes of the CSF spaces after aSAH and to determine if they correlate with neurologic and cognitive impairments frequently detected in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 3D ...

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition which affects predominantly overweight women and is characterized by raised intracranial pressure without any identifiable pathology in the brain and with normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition. The cause of IIH is unclear and as such it remains a diagnosis of exclusion. Although the ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate chitotriosidase (CTTS) activity in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in relation to disease course and CSF markers for immune activation or inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 80 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), 24 with secondary progressive MS (SPMS), 20 with primary ...

Adjunctive treatment to improve outcome from bacterial meningitis has centered on dexamethasone. Among Vietnamese patients with bacterial meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure and CSF:plasma glucose ratios were significantly improved and levels of CSF cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 and were all statistically significantly lower after treatment in patients ...

Hypotension is commonly associated with epidural use in postoperative patients and is usually treated with fluid or vasopressor therapy. The former can result in fluid overload, associated with significant morbidity. This study aimed to identify factors increasing the likelihood of fluid overload in elective patients. A prospective audit of fluid ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the unusual course of postdural puncture headache (PDPH) after pump implantation for intrathecal baclofen (ITB) administration in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)-related dystonia. DESIGN: Case series based on data collected from 1996 to 2005. Setting. Movement disorders clinic, university hospital. PATIENTS: A total of 54 ...

INTRODUCTION: We attempted to detect alterations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). METHODS: We obtained sagittal volume images of the entire head by three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and compared the regional distribution of CSF in 12 patients ...

BACKGROUND: To improve ante mortem diagnostic accuracy of Alzheimer disease (AD), measurement of the biomarkers amyloid-beta(1-42) (Abeta42), total tau (Tau), and tau phosphorylated at threonine(181) (pTau) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been proposed. We have used these markers and evaluated their performance. METHODS: From January 2001 to January 2007, we ...

OBJECT: Therapy of posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) by using ventriculo-peritoneal drainage bears considerable rate of complications and remains a challenge in premature newborns. The role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in these patients is unclear, through obstruction is proven in some patients with PHH. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) release ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine glutamate and aspartate levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS) grouped according to El Escorial diagnostic criteria, and to perform an in vitro assessment of the neurotoxicity of the CSF in murine cortical neurons. METHODS: SALS patients were sorted according ...

Calprotectin is produced by activated monocytes and microglia, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels could be a marker of neuroinflammation. Calprotectin was detectable in CSF from 13.8% of normal controls, compared to 90.5% of patients with neurological infections (p<0.001). In CSF from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and clinically isolated demyelinating ...

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate whether interleukin 6 (IL-6) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the early phase of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning can be a predictive marker of delayed encephalopathy (DE). METHODS: Nine patients with CO poisoning were included in the study. Cerebrospinal fluid was sampled within 24 ...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes an increase in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are associated with neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, hemorrhage, and cell death. We hypothesized that patients with TBI have an increase in MMPs in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. Patients with TBI and a ventricular catheter were entered ...

We hypothesize that a smaller posterior fossa (PF) CSF space may be a risk factor for hemifacial spasm (HFS). We conducted a case-control 3-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) volumetric study in patients with HFS and determined the clinical predictive factors of PF CSF volume. Patients with clinically diagnosed HFS and controls ...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline associated with a deficit in cholinergic function. Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and/or butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), such as donepezil, galantamine or rivastigmine, are widely prescribed as symptomatic treatments for AD. These agents exhibit a wide variation in their pharmacological properties. ...

PURPOSE: Homing of malignant lymphocytes to the central nervous system (CNS) may play a role in the pathogenesis of CNS lymphoma. In this study, we evaluated the chemokines CXCL12 and CXCL13 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of patients with CNS lymphoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Samples from 30 patients with ...