BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Juvenile angiofibromas are hypervascular tumors that may benefit from preoperative devascularization to reduce intraoperative blood loss. Our purpose was to evaluate the extent of angiographic devascularization and intraoperative blood loss by using only Onyx for percutaneous juvenile angiofibroma tumor embolization.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We reviewed the clinical records and preoperative ...

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare vascular tumor and has a high mortality in newborns when associated with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (KMS). In two newborns with KHE and severe KMS refractory to medical treatment, emergency embolization led to clinical improvement in the acute neonatal setting by reducing tumor volume, increasing the ...

Embolization is a well established technique that facilitates the subsequent surgical removal of vascularized tumors such as juvenile angiofibroma. Preoperative transarterial embolization has proven beneficial for decreasing intraoperative blood loss. However, the procedure is often incomplete owing to extensive vascular structure. Direct intratumoral embolization may help overcome this limitation. We ...

Embolization of bone and soft tissue tumors has a broad range of indications, from curative treatment to palliation. The main purpose of embolization is to occlude as much of the tumor blood supply as possible. The outcome ranges from complete tumor devascularization and necrosis to degrees of ischemia and hypovascularity. ...

The goal of this study was to develop novel embolic nanoparticles for targeted tumor therapy with dual targeting: magnetic field-guided and peptide-directed targeting. The embolic nanoparticles SP5.2/tTF-OCMCs-SPIO-NPs were prepared by surface-modifying of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO-NPs) with o-carboxymethylchitosans (OCMCs) and SP5.2/tTF (SP5.2: a peptide binding to VEGFR-1; tTF: truncated ...

Background. We report on 19 cases of giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) affecting the spine or sacrum and evaluate the outcome of different treatment modalities. Methods. Nineteen patients with GCT of the spine (n = 6) or sacrum (n = 13) have been included in this study. The mean ...

Cardiac myxomas are benign tumors composed of sparse stellate cells in an extensive mucoid stroma. The surface of these tumors is often friable and gelatinous. Their intracardiac location makes embolization a constant threat. We report a patient who had diffuse systemic embolization of a left atrial myxoma coincident with a ...

TO COMPARE THE ANTITUMOR EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF TRANSCATHETER ARTERIAL CHEMOEMBOLIZATION (TACE) BY EPIRUBICIN SUSPENSION (EPIRUBICIN SUSPENSION: epirubicin-iodized oil mixture without solution) to that by epirubicin emulsion (epirubicin emulsion: epirubicin-iodized oil mixture with solution), the efficacy of treatment by administration of either an epirubicin suspension or emulsion was examined in ...

The most common primary brain tumor in adults is glioblastoma. These tumors are highly invasive and aggressive with a mean survival time of 15-18 months from diagnosis to death. Current treatment modalities are unable to significantly prolong survival in patients diagnosed with glioblastoma. As such, glioma is an attractive target ...

Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) induces tumors in the distal airways of sheep and goats, while the closely related enzootic nasal tumor virus type 1 (ENTV-1) and ENTV-2 induce tumors in the nasal epithelium of sheep and goats, respectively. When expressed using a strong Rous sarcoma virus promoter, the envelope proteins ...

The present study demonstrates the targeting of ultrasound contrast agents to human xenograft tumors by exploiting the overexpression of the glycolipid Gb3 in neovasculature. To this end, microbubbles were functionalized with a natural Gb3 ligand, the B subunit of the Shiga toxin (STxB). The targeting of Gb3-expressing tumor cells by ...

The prognosis of patients with malignant pheochromocytoma is poor, but the predictive factors are not well understood. We aimed to identify the clinical characteristics predictive of malignancy after initial surgical removal in patients with pheochromocytoma. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 152 patients diagnosed with pheochromocytoma, including 5 (3.3%) with ...

Bioassay-guided fractionation of a solid tumor selective extract of the leaves and twigs of Antheroporum pierrei acquired from the U.S. National Cancer Institute extract repository afforded four new pyranoisoflavones, pierreiones A-D (1-4), together with rotenone (5), 12a-hydroxyrotenone (6), and tephrosin (7). The structures of all new compounds were determined on ...

Cancers are often accompanied by inflammation, which can promote tumor growth, invasion, and metastases. We show that the tumor microenvironment induces the development of a Gr-1(+) conventional dendritic cell (cDC) subpopulation that is functionally defective. Gr-1(+)cDCs differentiated from recruited immediate precursors of cDCs, a process supported by the inflammatory cytokine ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Following resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, tumor size has been considered a key prognostic feature; however, this remains controversial. We sought to examine the association of size with outcomes following resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Between 1970 and 2010, 1,697 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma at the Johns Hopkins ...

Epidermolytic acanthoma is a rare benign tumor that is characterized by epidermolytic hyperkeratosis on histopathology. Epidermolytic acanthoma usually presents in adulthood as an asymptomatic tumor less than 1 cm in diameter with a verrucous surface. Whereas the lesions can present in either an isolated solitary, localized, or disseminated form, there ...

We present possibilities and trends of ELF bioelectromagnetic effects in the mT amplitude range on cancer cells and on mice bearing tumors. In contrast to invasive electrochemotherapy and electrogenetherapy, using mostly needle electrodes and single high-amplitude electropulses for treatment, extremely low-frequency (ELF) pulsating electromagnetic fields (PEMF) and sinusoidal electromagnetic fields ...

Seven new triterpenoids (1-7) and 36 known compounds were isolated from the root bark of Maytenus retusa. Their structures were determined by 1D and 2D spectroscopic studies. Several compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against the human tumor cell lines HL-60 and MCF-7. Some of them were cytotoxic, with IC(50) ...

Designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) hold great promise as a new class of binding molecules to overcome the limitations of antibodies for biomedical applications. Here, we assessed the potential of an epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-specific DARPin (Ec4) for tumor targeting as a fusion toxin with Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. ...

Polysaccharide krestin (PSK) is a mushroom extract that has been long used in Asia and recently in Western countries as a treatment for cancer due to its presumed immune potentiating effects. Although there have been reports of clinical responses after patients have ingested PSK, the mechanism of action of the ...

The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been rising by 2.3 to 4.3% every year over the past three decades. Previously, RCC has been known as the internist's tumor; however, it is now being called the radiologist's tumor because 2÷3 are now detected incidentally on abdominal imaging. We compared ...

T-box-containing protein expressed in T cells (T-bet) is a master transcription factor for the development of interferon (IFN) gamma-producing T helper 1 (Th1) cells and also functions in other immune cells including natural killer (NK), cytotoxic T lymphocytes and dendritic cells. T-bet-deficient mice increased susceptibility to viral infection and tumor ...

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) accumulate in tumor-bearing hosts and are associated with immune suppression. To date, there have only been few studies that evaluate the direct effect of chemotherapeutic agents on MDSCs. Agents that inhibit MDSCs may be useful in the treatment of patients with various cancers. We investigated the ...

Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) comprise a phenotypically heterogeneous population of cells, which can be found in tumor-bearing mice and in patients with cancer. MDSCs play a central role in the induction of peripheral tolerance. Together with regulatory T cells (Tregs) they promote an immunosuppressive environment in tumor-bearing hosts. The ...

Cohabitation for 14 days with an Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice was shown, among others, to increase locomotor activity, and hypothalamic noradrenaline levels and turnover, to decrease the innate immune responses and animal resistance to tumor growth. The present experiment was designed to access the relevance of tactile, olfactory, and visual communication ...

Acute tumor lysis syndrome (ATLS) is a potentially lethal condition precipitated by the massive release of intracellular components such as nucleic acids, potassium, and phosphorus, following a rapid and widespread lysis of tumor cells. Herein, the authors describe the high incidence and characteristic histopathologic lesions of acute ATLS in p53-deficient ...

AIM OF THE STUDY: To further screen out the anti-tumor active compound of polysaccharides isolated from Solanum nigrum Linne (SNL-P), which had shown to have anti-cervical cancer and modulating properties, and evaluate the thymus protective effects of this active compound. MATERIAL AND METHODS: SNL-P was separated and purified by column ...

BACKGROUND: The phenomenon of hormesis is characterized by a biphasic dose-response, exhibiting opposite effects in the low- and high-dose zones. In this study, we explored the possibility that the hormesis concept may describe the interactions between two tumors implanted in a single mouse, such that the resulting tumors are of ...

Although radiotherapy is commonly used for a variety of cancers, radiotherapy alone does not achieve a satisfactory therapeutic outcome. In this study, we examined the possibility that HemoHIM can enhance the anticancer effects of ionizing radiation (IR) in melanoma-bearing mice. The HemoHIM was prepared by adding the ethanol-insoluble fraction to ...

A carboxymethylated-sulfated derivative of (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan (PCS3-II) extracted from Poria cocos was synthesized and coded as CS-PCS3-II. Results of infrared (IR) and Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((13)C NMR) indicated that CS-PCS3-II contained carboxymethyl and sulfate groups with a degree of substitution (DS) of 1.05 and 0.36 respectively. By using size ...

A unique hydrolysis method using a two-layer solution, consisting of diluted hydrochloric acid and toluene was developed to isolate whole arabinose mycolates from the cell wall skeleton of Mycobacterium bovis BCG Tokyo 172 (SMP-105) in order to reveal its pivotal role in enhancing immune responses against tumors.

The highest barriers for non-viral vectors to an efficient in vivo gene transfection would be (1) non-specific interaction with biological molecules, and (2) large size of the DNA complex particles. Protective coating of the DNA/polyethyleneimine (PEI) complexes by hyaluronic acid (HA) effectively diminished the adverse interactions with biological molecules. Here ...

We reported previously that vaccination of reconstituted, lymphopenic mice resulted in a higher frequency of tumor-specific effector T cells with therapeutic activity than vaccination of normal mice. Here, we show that lymphopenic mice reconstituted with spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice (TBM), a situation that resembles the clinical condition, failed to ...

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) have shown potential clinical utility. However, previous assessments of MSC behavior in recipients have relied on visual detection in host tissue following sacrifice, failing to monitor in vivo MSC dispersion in a single animal and limiting the number of variables that can be observed concurrently. ...

CD40 ligand (CD40L) is one of the most potent stimulators of Th1-type immunity through its maturation of dendritic cells that, in turn, stimulate effector cells such as T cells and NK cells. Lately, CD40-mediated cell growth inhibition and apoptosis have been in focus for the development of novel cancer treatment ...

Nanogels of pullulan grafted with L-lactic acid oligomer (LLA-o) were prepared to allow a lipophilic anti-tumor drug, carmofur, to solubilize in water. The number of LLA-o grafted was increased with an increase in the amount of LLA-o added in preparation. The LLA-o-grafted pullulan showed critical aggregation concentrations and had 20-100 ...

Female mice transgenic for the rat proto-oncogene c-erb-B2, under control of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter (neuN), spontaneously develop metastatic mammary carcinomas. The development of these mammary tumors is associated with increased number of GR-1(+)CD11b(+) myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the peripheral blood (PB), spleen and tumor. ...

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) contribute to immune dysfunctions induced by tumors both in experimental models and patients. In mice, MDSC are phenotypically heterogeneous cells that vary in their surface markers, likely depending on soluble factors produced by different tumors. We recently described a subset of inflammatory monocytes with immunosuppressive properties ...

Continuous efforts are dedicated to develop immunotherapeutic approaches to neuroblastoma (NB), a tumor that relapses at high rates following high-dose conventional cytotoxic therapy and autologous bone marrow cell (BMC) reconstitution. This study presents a series of transplant experiments aiming to evaluate the efficacy of allogeneic BMC transplantation. Neuro-2a cells were ...

During mammary tumorigenesis, there is a profound thymic involution associated with severe depletion of the most abundant subset of thymocytes, CD4(+)CD8(+) immature cells, and an early arrest in at least two steps of T cell differentiation. Thymic atrophy that is normally related with aging has been observed in other model ...

Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) accumulate in 4T1 mammary carcinoma bearing mice and present a barrier to the success of adoptive immunotherapy (AIT) by suppressing T cell immunity. In this study, we investigated the inhibition of MDSCs by gemcitabine (GEM), a chemotherapy agent that may have favorable immunologic effects. BALB/c ...

BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (TIDCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) as markers of immune response has been reported for many cancers. OBJECTIVE: To measure tumor infiltration by CD83(+) dendritic cells (DCs) and CD68(+) macrophages in non-muscle-invasive urothelial cancer (NMIUC) prior to bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy and to ...

PURPOSE: The present study investigates and compares the dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of edelfosine in healthy, immunodeficient, and tumor-bearing immunosuppressed mouse animal models, as well as edelfosine uptake and apoptotic activity in the Z-138 mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cell line. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Biodistribution study of edelfosine was done in ...

Intravascular delivery (1.5 x 10(9) particles and higher) of recombinant adenovirus (rAd) induces myeloid cell mediated, self-limiting hemodynamic responses in normal mice. However, we observed anaphylactoid-type reactions and exacerbated hemodynamic events following rAd injection in mice bearing malignant 4T1 mammary carcinoma. Because 4T1 tumors induce significant CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) myeloid cell expansion ...

In the present study using a transplantable murine T cell lymphoma designated as Dalton's lymphoma, we investigated the role of oxygen, glucose and other environmental factors in evolution of altered survival responses in tumor cells during the late tumor-bearing stages. Tumor progression was observed to be associated with an improvement ...

The present study evaluated the dose-related effects of CVT-E002, a proprietary extract of Panax quinquefolius (CV Technologies Inc., Edmonton, AB), in the treatment of a tumor of viral origin, that is, erythroleukemia, in mice. Three treatments including ingestion of 2, 40, and 120 mg/d were compared. The study revealed that ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of cationic liposome-mediated CD40 ligand (CD40L) gene therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: 1x10(6) of parental H22 cells or H22 cells transfected with the expression vector containing murine CD40L cDNA encoding the entire coding region (pcDNA3.1(+)-mCD40L) were inoculated subcutaneously into the left flanks of syngenic BALB/C ...

Subcutaneous Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice were treated with in situ inoculation of a beta-glucan-rich extract of Agaricus brasiliensis (ATF), which reduced tumor growth. Histopathological analysis showed that the tumor masses of control mice (Ehr) presented giant tumor cells and many mitotic figures whereas the tumor tissue obtained from ATF-treated animals (Ehr-ATF) ...

BACKGROUND: Liqi, an herbal preparation used in traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat cancer in China for centuries. We investigated the anti-tumor effects of liqi and their mechanisms in mice that had been xenografted with tumors. METHODS: Sarcoma 180 tumor, Lewis lung carcinoma, and SGC-7901 cells were implanted ...

The spleen is an important organ for tumor immunity, and the splenic sympathetic nerve has a suppressive effect on splenic natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity. On the basis of this and reports that Lentinus edodes (Shiitake mushroom) has tumor-inhibitory effects, the authors hypothesized that an extract of a mycelial culture of ...