The sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is activated in several types of malignancy and plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Shh binding to a 12-pass transmembrane receptor, Patched (Ptch), leads to freeing of Smoothened (Smo) and subsequent activation of Gli transcription factors. In present study, we analyzed ...

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (SCC-T) is extremely rare. Its clinical presentation is similar to that of anaplastic carcinoma. Metastasis or extension from the head and neck area should be ruled out, as patients with SCC-T have a poorer prognosis than patients who have a thyroid extension from ...

Human anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a lethal disease with an advanced clinical presentation and median survival of 3 months. The BRAF(V600E) oncoprotein is a potent transforming factor that causes human thyroid cancer cell progression in vitro and in vivo; therefore, we sought to target this oncoprotein in a late ...

We examined the expression of cyclin D1 in conjunction with β-catenin and the phosphorylated inactive form of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) in benign, nonneoplastic thyroid tissue as well as papillary thyroid carcinoma primary tumors and nodal metastases. We aim to unravel the regulation of cyclin D1 and determine if ...

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive form of thyroid cancer, and often derives from pre-existing well-differentiated tumors. Despite a relatively low prevalence, it accounts for a disproportionate number of thyroid cancer-related deaths, due to its resistance to any therapeutic approach. Here we describe the first mouse model of ...

We present an unusual case of papillary thyroid carcinoma in a 47-year-old Japanese woman. The tumor, 0.8 cm in diameter, was located in the upper left lobe of the thyroid. Histologically, we observed a microfollicular-like and trabecular arrangement of the tumor cells with marked hyalinized stroma and hyaline globules. Immunohistochemically, ...

Even though the role of the tyrosine phosphatase PTEN as a tumor suppressor gene has been well established in thyroid cancer, its role during thyroid development is still elusive. We therefore targeted Pten deletion in the thyroid epithelium by crossing Ptenflox/flox with a newly developed Nkx2.1-cre driver line in the ...

It is important to properly identify aggressive tumors among differentiated thyroid cancers which are most often indolent. By comparison of tumorigenic clone with originally less-tumorigenic papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) cell line, we looked for markers involved in aggressive biology of thyroid cancer. Human PTC cell lines BHP10-3 and its tumorigenic subclone ...

Thyroid carcinoma-like tumor of the kidney is an extremely rare variant of renal cell carcinoma. Most previously reported cases were incidental finding; and none of them showed papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) nuclear features. This study reports the first case of PTC (follicular variant)-like tumor of the kidney in which a ...

Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation (SETTLE) is a rare tumor usually localized in the thyroid gland and perithyroid tissues. It is considered to arise from ectopic thymic tissue or branchial pouch remnants. It occurs more frequently in children and adolescents. We report 2 cases of spindle epithelial tumor with ...

Because mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) may be involved in thyroid carcinogenesis, we investigated the expression and activation patterns of mTOR signaling proteins in thyroid carcinoma cells and tumors and their association with tumor histology and aggressiveness. Tissue specimens from 50 patients with thyroid cancer were analyzed for eIF4E, a ...

BACKGROUND: Anterior commissure (AC) carcinoma is in close proximity to the thyroid cartilage. Our objective was to evaluate risk factors for thyroid cartilage invasion. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of tumors involving the AC treated by open surgery. Tumor stage, extensions, vocal fold (VF) mobility, CT scan, and pathologic ...

Advanced human thyroid cancers, particularly those that are refractory to treatment with radioiodine (RAI), have a high prevalence of BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1) mutations. However, the degree to which these cancers are dependent on BRAF expression is still unclear. To address this question, we generated mice ...

Background. Thyroid carcinoma is a relatively rare pediatric pathology, comprising around 3% of all childhood tumors. We investigated parameters of tumor aggressiveness, multicentricity, and locoregional metastatic spread patterns in patients up to 18 years of age and made comparison with the older group. All patients were operated upon with total ...

It is well-known that papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has a generally indolent character and shows a favorable prognosis unless it has no high-risk features such as clinical lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and significant extrathyroid extension. In this study, we investigated the prognosis of 3,965 patients with PTC without these ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Thyroid adenoma associated (THADA) has been identified as the target gene affected by chromosome 2p21 translocations in thyroid adenomas, but the role of THADA in the thyroid is still elusive. The aim of this study was to quantify THADA gene expression in normal tissues and in thyroid hyper- ...

The goals of the study were to determine what percentage of neoplasms with a bronchioloalveolar (BAC) component were considered pure BAC by current World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Next, we wanted to determine the number of mucinous BACs using histochemical staining with Alcian Blue PAS. Finally, we aimed to elucidate ...

The cholecystokinin-2 receptor (CCK2R), is expressed in cancers where it contributes to tumor progression. The CCK2R is over-expressed in a sub-set of tumors, allowing its use in tumor targeting with a radiolabel ligand. Since discrepancies between mRNA levels and CCK2R binding sites were noticed, we searched for abnormally spliced variants ...

Medullary thyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine tumor, which exhibits overexpression of somatostatin receptor subtype 2. There is no systemic therapy for medullary thyroid carcinoma. Previously we reported that octreotide-PEG liposomes loaded with irinotecan, which target somatostatin receptor subtype 2, showed high therapeutic efficacy for medullary thyroid carcinoma xenografts compared ...

Thyroid hormone stimulates cell proliferation of several types of cancers and stimulates cancer-relevant angiogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the proliferative effect of thyroid hormone and the anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic action of its nano-derivative, tetrac-NP, on human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) H1299 cells in vitro and in xenografts. ...

Background: In a number of human malignancies, the presence of lymphocytic infiltration in or around tumor tissue is commonly considered to be part of the host tumor immune response. An association between thyroid carcinoma and chronic inflammation has been described. This relationship is not fully understood, so we performed a ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system by using proteasome inhibitors represents a novel approach for cancer therapy. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), a subtype of thyroid cancer (TC), fails to respond to conventional TC treatment. Here we investigated the effects of bortezomib on TC in vitro. Further, the study aimed ...

Thyroid hormone (T(3) ) mediates cellular growth, development, and differentiation by binding to the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor (TR). Recent studies suggest that long-term hypothyroidism is associated with human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) independent from other major HCC risk factors. Dickkopf (DKK) 4, a secreted protein, antagonizes the Wnt signal pathway. ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The exact diagnosis of double primary papillary adenocarcinoma of thyroid and lung is even rarer, to our knowledge no report in the literature by [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography/ X-ray CT(FDG PET / CT) with surgical specimens immunohistochemistry(IHC). We report a patient with abnormal FDG PET / CT in thyroid ...

In papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), metastasis is a feature of an aggressive tumor phenotype. To identify protein biomarkers that distinguish patients with an aggressive tumor behavior, proteomic signatures in metastatic and non-metastatic tumors were investigated comparatively. In particular, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) was used to analyze ...

Objective: To describe a case of hyalinizing trabecular tumor (HTT) on lymphocytic thyroiditis background, which was misdiagnosed as papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) after fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) findings and "overtreated" with total thyroidectomy.Methods: We present a case report, including imaging and pathologic findings, of a 68-year-old woman who presented ...

SUMMARY:Rupture of benign thyroid tumors after RFA is very rare. We experienced 6 cases in 4 institutions. All patients presented with abrupt neck swelling and pain between 9 and 60 days after RFA. Imaging and clinical findings of the ruptured tumors were anterior subcapsular location, mixed composition, large size, and ...

Context:Thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb) are primarily measured in serum in conjunction with thyroglobulin (Tg)-the primary tumor marker used to monitor patients with differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC). Every specimen needs TgAb testing to authenticate that the Tg measurement is not compromised by TgAb interference. When present, TgAb concentrations per se can be ...

Emerging evidence indicates that interactions between chemokine receptors and their ligands may have a critical role in several steps of tumor development, including tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. In this report, we retrospectively evaluated CXCR4 expression in a consecutive series of 200 papillary thyroid carcinomas. We investigated the relationship between ...

Backgrounds: Signal transducer and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3) plays a critical role in promoting survival and cell growth as well as facilitating angiogenesis and metastasis in several cancers. Aim: This investigation focused on evaluation of STAT3 activities in human papillary thyroid cancers (PTC). Methods: STAT3 activities of nuclear extracts of ...

BACKGROUND: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is implicated in carcinogenesis. In this study we examined the expression of ICAM-1 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We hypothesized that ICAM-1 correlates with indicators of tumor aggressiveness in PTC. METHODS: Thirty-five primary and metastatic PTCs, five follicular adenomas, five Hashimoto thyroiditis, five nodular hyperplasia, ...

Preclinical studies have indicated that somatostatin receptor (sst)-expressing tumors demonstrate higher uptake of radiolabeled sst antagonists than of sst agonists. In this study, we evaluated whether imaging with sst antagonists was feasible in patients. METHODS: Biodistribution and tumor uptake of the sst antagonist (111)In-DOTA-pNO(2)-Phe-c(dCys-Tyr-dTrp-Lys-Thr-Cys)dTyrNH(2) ((111)In-DOTA-BASS) were studied in 5 patients ...

BACKGROUND: Binding of the lectin Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) has been shown to be associated with poor prognosis in many human cancers, but not in thyroid cancer. The aims of the present study were to assess alteration in cellular glycosylation, detected by HPA binding, in thyroid tumors; to determine if ...

Background/Aims: Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is an anorexigenic regulatory peptide highly expressed in the brain's appetite control centers, but also in peripheral neurons and in endocrine cells in the adrenal medulla, thyroid, pancreatic islets, and in the gastrointestinal tract. Plasma levels of CART were recently shown to be elevated ...

Background: Ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare finding but has been reported in many thoracic and abdominal locations. It is usually an incidental pathologic finding after an unrelated surgical intervention. When thyroid tissue is found outside the thyroid bed, it is important to rule out thyroid cancer metastasis. Patient Findings: ...

Pax8 is a transcription factor associated with the embryonic development of the thyroid gland, kidney, and the Müllerian system and plays a role in the tumorigenesis of these organs. Pax8 has been shown to be expressed immunohistochemically in a high percentage of tumors of thyroid, renal, and Müllerian origin in ...

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) relies on cell destruction using heat, which is generated by the vibration of electrons as a result of high-frequency electrical energy. RFA was initially employed for the treatment of arrhythmogenic cardiac lesions. It has since been used to treat solid tumors of various organs, both primary and ...

: Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas recur after microsurgery. Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has been used to treat recurrent adenomas. : To evaluate the long-term rates of tumor control and development of hypopituitarism in patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas after GKRS. : Forty-eight patients with a nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma treated between 1991 ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the control of metastatic well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma in patients for whom surgery is not feasible. Between December 2004 and June 2008, 12 metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinomas (mean diameter, 13.8 mm; range, 4-28 ...

Hemangiomas that arise in cervical esophagus are extremely rare, representing 3.3% of all benign esophageal tumors. Although endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and potassium titanyl phosphate/yttrium aluminum garnet (KTP/YAG) laser therapy have been used with success for small tumors, the safety and efficacy in the case of large tumors remains uncertain. ...

Abstract Extragonadal yolk sac tumors (YST) are uncommon and are usually seen in sacrococcygeal, mediastinal, intracranial and retroperitoneal sites. YST of the head and neck region are rare, and the few reported cases have arisen in neonates or infants in conjunction with a teratoma or other germ cell tumor subtypes. ...

The term 'thyroid tumors of uncertain malignant potential' (TT-UMP) was coined by surgical pathologists to define well-differentiated tumors (WDT) showing inconclusive morphological evidence of malignancy or benignity. We have analyzed the expression of microRNA (miRNA) in a training set of 42 WDT of different histological subtypes: 7 follicular tumors of ...

Poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas have a rather poor prognosis. The development of relevant model systems to unravel in vitro and in vivo the molecular mechanisms governing the resistance of these tumors to therapy, as well as to test novel drug combinations, is a clear priority for thyroid-focused research. ...

Telomere dysfunction and aberrant telomerase expression play important roles in tumorigenesis. In thyroid tumors, three possibly inhibitory splice variants of the active full-length isoform of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) may be expressed. These variants might regulate telomerase activity and telomere length because it is the fraction of the full-length ...

Squamous cells in the thyroid appear in a variety of conditions, including adenomatous goiters, malignant neoplasms, inflammatory diseases, and embryonic remnants. However the origin of the squamous cells is still under dispute. Here we report a case of an encapsulated follicular cell tumor consisting of follicular cells, basaloid squamous cells, ...

Histone acetylation is a major mechanism to regulate gene transcription. This post-translational modification is modified in cancer cells. In various tumor types the levels of acetylation at several histone residues are associated to clinical aggressiveness. By using immunohistochemistry we show that acetylated levels of lysines at positions 9-14 of H3 ...

This article provides an overview of metastases to jaws (MJ), mainly concerning the differences between American and Chinese patients, and exploring the relationship between the primary tumors' prevalence (PTP) and constituent ratio of MJ. Information concerning of 399 MJ cases in 215 papers, including one new case in our hospital, ...

We present six cases of extra-axial lesions: three meningiomas [including one intraventricular and one cerebellopontine angle (CPA) meningioma], one dural metastasis, one CPA schwannoma and one choroid plexus papilloma which were chosen from a larger cohort of extra-axial tumors evaluated in our institution. Apart from conventional MR examinations, all the ...

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a tumor marker with a glycoprotein structure, is frequently used in follow-up gastrointestinal malignancies. CEA levels may also increase in neuroendocrine tumors, including medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), and in some benign diseases. Patients whose blood tests show high CEA levels should have additional tests regarding MTC. Although ...

OBJECTIVES: To describe our technique and initial experience of intraoperative tumor localization with surgeon-performed ultrasound-guided needle dye injection. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective case series. Technique description. METHODS: Using surgeon-performed ultrasonography (SP-US), 20 tumors (lymph node metastases of papillary thyroid carcinoma [15], Hurthle cell carcinoma [2], medullary thyroid carcinoma [1], and lymphoma ...