Aims:  The aim of this study was to isolate lactic acid bacteria from chilli waste and evaluate metabolites produced for the ability to arrest wood decay. Methods and Results:  Using an optical density screening method, one bacterium (isolate C11) was identified as having pronounced antifungal properties against Oligoporus placenta. This ...

We have studied the energetics and structural properties of trans-cinnamic (CA), o-, m-, p-coumaric (2-, 3-, 4-hydroxycinnamic), caffeic (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic), ferulic (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic), iso-ferulic (3-hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic) and sinapic (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic) acids. The experimental values of (g), determined (in kJ•mol-1) for CA (-229.8 ± 1.9), p-coumaric (-408.0 ± 4.4), caffeic (-580.0 ± 5.9) and ferulic ...

As you like it: The choice of solvents and substituents at the silicon atom determine what product is formed from carbon dioxide after electrophilic activation by silyl cations. Benzoic acid as well as the C-1 building blocks formic acid and methanol are on the product tableau.

The novel selenocarboxylic Se-acids, HCF(2)C(O)SeH and ClCF(2)C(O)SeH, were prepared by treating the corresponding carboxylic acids with Woollins' reagent. The boiling points were extrapolated from the vapor pressure curves to be 364 and 359 K for HCF(2)C(O)SeH and ClCF(2)C(O)SeH, respectively. Both compounds are unstable at ambient temperatures and decompose to the ...

Hormonal changes accompanying the cold stress (4°C) response that are related to the level of frost tolerance (FT; measured as LT50) and the content of the most abundant dehydrin, WCS120, were compared in the leaves and crowns of the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Samanta and the spring wheat ...

The dimerization of amino acid-derived α-amino aldehydes provides a short, biomimetic synthesis of several 2,5-disubstituted pyrazine natural products. The α-amino aldehyde intermediates were generated in situ by the hydrogenolysis of their Cbz-derivatives. It was found that a judicious choice of reaction solvent facilitated hydrogenolysis, dimerization and oxidation to the natural ...

A new chiro-inositol ester, 4-hydroxyphenylacetyl-3-d-chiro-inositol ester (1), was isolated from the whole plants of Prenanthes macrophylla Franch., along with 10 known compounds, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (2), trans-ethyl caffeate (3), cis-ethyl caffeate (4), protocatechualdehyde (5), luteolin (6), luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucoside (7), 15-hydroxy-2-oxo-guai-3-en-1α,5α,6β,7α,10α,11βH-12,6-olide (8), 15-glucopyranosyloxy-2-oxo-guaia-3,11(13)-dien-1α,5α,6β,7α,10αH-12,6-olide (9), ursolic acid (10), and oleanolic acid (11). Their structures ...

Berkeley Pit Lake, Butte, Montana, is a 540 m deep abandoned open-pit copper mine filled with over 140 billion liters of acidic, metal-sulfate-contaminated water. This harsh environment has yielded several microorganisms that produce interesting biologically active compounds. Several polyketide metabolites including the new berkazaphilones A (1) and B (2) and ...

The skins of Madagascar poison frogs (Mantella) and certain Neotropical poison frogs (Epipedobates, Dendrobates) secrete the new bile acid tauromantellic acid (1), which was found in both wild-caught and captive-born frogs. This is the first molecule of endogenous origin detected in skin secretions from these taxa. Sucrose was also detected ...

Fractionation of lignocellulosic material into its constitutive components is of vital importance for the production of biofuels as well as other value-added chemicals. The conventional acetosolv processes are mainly focused on the production of pulp from woody lignocelluloses. In this study, a mild acetosolv process was developed to fractionate bamboo ...

Life saver: Two unusual and toxic amino acids, 2R-amino-4S-hydroxy-5-hexynoic acid (red, see scheme) and 2R-amino-5-hexynoic acid (blue) have been isolated from the fruiting bodies of the mushroom Trogia venenata. Toxicology studies suggest that these compounds may be the cause of Sudden Unexplained Death (SUD) in Yunnan Province, China.

In the frameworks of the quantum-chemical semiempirical PM3 method, the thermodynamic parameters of trans-isomers of unsaturated carboxylic acids at the air/water interface were studied. Systems with 18-26 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain and different positions of the double bond are considered. Using quantum-chemical semiempirical PM3 method enthalpy, Gibbs' energy ...

Three new trichostatin analogues, JBIR-109 (1), JBIR-110 (2), and JBIR-111 (3), were isolated from the culture of the marine sponge-derived Streptomyces sp. strain RM72, together with trichostatin A (4) and trichostatic acid (5). The planar structures of 1-3 were determined on the basis of extensive NMR and MS analyses. In ...

Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour, syn. Euphoria longan Lam.) represents an important fruit in Northern Thailand and has significant economic impact. The fruit is either consumed fresh or as commercially prepared dried and canned products. The canning industry in Thailand produces considerable quantities of waste products, in particular Longan seeds. Because ...

A prospective study was carried out to assess the role of citric acid as a sole antimicrobial agent in the management of lepromatous ulcers. Thirty-four known cases of lepromatous ulcers not responding to conventional antibiotic therapies for long duration were investigated for culture and susceptibility studies. Staphylococcus aureus (25·00%) and ...

BackgroundThe risk for acidic reflux is mainly determined by the position of the gastric acid pocket. It was hypothesised that compounds affecting proximal stomach tone might reduce gastro-oesophageal reflux by changing the acid pocket position.ObjectiveTo study the effect of azithromycin (Azi) on acid pocket position and acid exposure in patients ...

Background: Citrasate®, citric acid dialysate (CD), contains 2.4 mEq of citric acid (citrate), instead of acetic acid (acetate) as in standard bicarbonate dialysate. Previous studies suggest CD may improve dialysis adequacy and decrease heparin requirements, presumably due to nonsystemic anticoagulant effects in the dialyzer. Methods: We prospectively evaluated 277 hemodialysis ...

Previously, we showed that with an increasing number of amino acid differences in single HLA class I-mismatched molecules, the probability of T cell alloreactivity decreases. It is unlikely that every amino acid difference will affect T cell alloreactivity in a similar way; we hypothesized that the effect of an amino ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids relieved symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea. METHODS: Women aged 18-22years with primary dysmenorrhea were enrolled in a double-blind crossover study. Women assigned to group 1 (n=47) received 1 omega-3 capsule daily for 3months, followed by placebo for 3months. Women in group ...

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid in the treatment of idiopathic and non-functional heavy menstrual bleeding. Design. Systematic review. Population: Women with diagnosis of idiopathic and non-functional heavy menstrual bleeding treated with tranexamic acid. Method. Electronic searches were conducted in literature database up to February 2011 by 2 ...

The title molecular salts, N(2)H(5)(+)·C(7)H(5)O(3)(-)·C(7)H(6)O(3) and N(2)H(5)(+)·C(11)H(7)O(3)(-)·C(11)H(8)O(3), are acid adducts containing a hydrazinium cation, one molecule of a deprotonated acid and one molecule of a neutral acid. The two compounds contain essentially identical hydrogen-bond networks between the hydrazinium cation and the acid molecules, which define closely comparable two-dimensional layers in ...

Tranexamic acid reduces haemorrhage through its antifibrinolytic effects. In a previous version of the present review, we found that tranexamic acid may reduce mortality. The present review includes updated searches of randomised trials on tranexamic acid versus placebo, cimetidine or lansoprazole. To assess the effects of tranexamic acid for upper ...

Six new secoiridoid constituents, named isoligustrosidic acid (1), 6'-O-trans-cinnamoyl 8-epikingisidic acid (2), 6'-O-cis-cinnamoyl 8-epikingisidic acid (3), oleopolynuzhenide A (4), nuzhenals A (5) and B (6) were isolated from the dried fruits of Ligustrum lucidum AIT. Their structures were established on the basis of spectral and chemical data.

A new iridoid glycoside, named loganic acid ethyl ester (1), together with five known compounds: chlorogenic acid (2), caffeic acid (3), loganin (4), cantleyoside (5) and syringaresinol-4',4''-O-bis-β-D-glucoside (6) were isolated from the roots of Dipsacus asper. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses. ...

The biotransformation of 13a,17-dihydroxystemodane (3) with the fungus Cephalosporium aphidicola afforded 13a,17,18-trihydroxystemodane (4), 3b,13a,17-tri-hydroxystemodane (5), 13a,17-dihydroxy-stemodan-18-oic acid (6), 3b,11β,13a,17-tetra-hydroxystemodane (7), 11β,13a,17,18-tetrahydroxystemodane (8) and 3b,13a,17,18-tetra-hydroxystemodane (9). The hydroxylation at C-18 of the substrate points to a biosynthetically-directed transformation, because aphidicolin (2) is hydroxylated at this carbon. However, the C-3(b) and C-11(b) ...

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a treatable disorder of bile acid production caused by mutations in the mitochondrial enzyme sterol 27-hydroxilase. This inborn error of bile acid metabolism results in lipid pathologic accumulation in multiple tissues. Progressive neuropsychiatric disturbances are a frequent manifestation of this disease. Although seizures have been frequently ...

Objective:Uric acid is known to be elevated in preeclampsia. We sought to determine if uric acid levels on admission correlate with the length of expectant management in preterm patients with preeclampsia.Study Design:A retrospective chart review was conducted on singleton preeclamptic pregnancies delivered between 24 0/7 and 37 0/7 weeks' gestation ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Bile acid sequestrants (BAS) have been used for more than 50 years in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. The last decade, bile acids are emerging as integrated regulators of metabolism via induction of various signal transduction pathways. Consequently, BAS treatment may exert unexpected side-effects. We discuss a selection ...

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6p is an established risk locus for ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). We aimed to better define MHC association signals in UC and CD by combining data from dense single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping and from imputation of classical human leukocyte antigen ...

The increasing prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children and adults, and of "silent refluxers" in particular, increases the responsibility of dentists to be alert to this potentially severe condition when observing unexplained instances of tooth erosion. Although gastroesophageal reflux is a normal physiologic occurrence, excessive gastric and duodenal ...

Abnormalities in lipid metabolism have been frequently observed in cancer and are associated with a poor prognosis. However, a detailed, longitudinal characterization of fatty acid status is lacking. This study aimed to assess plasma phospholipid fatty acids before chemotherapy, immediately after and 1 month following chemotherapy in a group of 50 ...

BACKGROUND: Primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis are two cholestatic diseases characterised by hepatic accumulation of bile acids. AIMS: This study compares serum bile acid levels in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis and from age and sex-matched non cholestatic donors. METHODS: Seventeen bile acids were ...

Refsum disease is a genetic progressive neurological disorder caused by neurotoxic phytanic acid, a nutritional component patients are unable to metabolize. Symptoms include retinopathy, polyneuropathy, ataxia, and deafness. They are variable and rarely recognized before adulthood. The authors report the case of a 14-year-old girl diagnosed because of night blindness. ...

The objective of this study was to investigate the role of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) length and pressure on acid exposure with high-resolution manometry (HRM). After Institutional Review Board approval, a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database identified patients who had undergone HRM and 24-hour pH studies. Abdominal LES ...

BACKGROUND: Bowel preparation is critical for the efficacy and safety of colonoscopy. Poor patient tolerance to bowel preparation has been associated with the high amount of fluid administered. A 2-L polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution containing ascorbic acid has been recently developed. AIMS: To compare the efficacy, safety and acceptability of ...

BACKGROUND: Persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a high risk of recurrence after electrical cardioversion. OBJECTIVE: We examined if long-term supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oils commenced > 1 month prior to electrical cardioversion and continued thereafter reduces the recurrence of persistent AF. METHODS: This was ...

Valproic acid is widely used in the treatment of behavioral disturbances in patients with dementia; however, there is uncertainty about its dosing and studies have reported mixed findings. The current article examines published trials of valproic acid in the treatment of patients with dementia to identify whether an optimal dosing ...

Background  The mechanisms of the development of symptoms in functional dyspepsia (FD) patients have not been fully elucidated. We previously reported that acid directly infused into the stomach causes dyspeptic symptoms in asymptomatic healthy controls (HCs); however, the response to acid infusion of FD patients was not determined. Aim  To ...

The ROSE study compared annual infusion with zoledronic acid and weekly generic alendronate. No significant differences in quality of life or health status between treatment groups were observed. Adherence to alendronate during the study was high, with 80.9% of patients achieving adequate adherence. INTRODUCTION: A secondary analysis to evaluate quality ...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze cytokine responses and the clinical course of septic neonates orally supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid as well as to evaluate fatty acid incorporation into leukocytes. METHODS: A quasiexperimental study was conducted in neonates who developed sepsis following a surgical procedure. Selected neonates were randomly assigned to receive 100 ...

Erythrocyte membrane fatty acids (FA), such as oleic acid, are related to acute coronary syndrome. There is no report about the effect of omega-3 FA on oleic acid in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We hypothesized that omega-3 FA can modify erythrocyte membrane FA, including oleic acid, in PD patients. In ...

Background:  Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular events and renal insufficiency. It correlates to intima-media thickness and microalbuminuria. In this study we evaluated uric acid as an independent marker for cardiac events in patients with diabetes. Methods:  In a prospective observational study we recruited 494 patients with diabetes. Patients ...

Valproic acid (VPA) is a well-established anticonvulsant drug that has been increasingly used in the treatment of many forms of generalized epilepsy. Although there are many reports of adverse effects of VPA, studies focusing on the concentration-response relationships of VPA and its metabolites in patients with epilepsy are extremely limited. ...

Objective:  This prospective clinical observational study was conducted to investigate the effects of contrast medium on acid-base balance, electrolyte concentrations, and osmolality in children. Background:  For pediatric cardiac catheterization, high doses of nonionic hyperosmolar contrast medium are widely used. Methods:  Forty pediatric patients (age 0-16 years) undergoing cardiac angiography with more ...

Epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) is used frequently during surgery as prophylaxis to decrease blood loss and transfusion requirements. A rare complication of EACA induced acute hyperkalemia in a patient undergoing total hip replacement is presented.

The intravenous nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate zoledronic acid has been shown to block multiple steps in tumor metastasis (e.g. angiogenesis, invasion, adhesion, proliferation) in preclinical and translational studies. Moreover, clinical data from the ABCSG-12 and ZO-FAST trials demonstrate significantly improved disease-free survival with zoledronic acid in the adjuvant breast cancer setting. In ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to investigate the free fatty acid (FFA) metabolic profiles and to identify biomarkers that can be used to distinguish patients with breast cancer (BC) from benign (BE) patients or healthy controls. DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 114 subjects were divided into the following three groups: ...

BACKGROUND: Heterozygous mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene lead to an increased risk for and to more severe alpha-synuclein-associated pathology in Parkinson's disease. As both glucocerebrosidase and alpha-synuclein interact with fatty acids, we hypothesized that cerebrospinal fluid fatty acid levels are altered in these Parkinson's disease patients. METHODS: Cerebrospinal fluid levels ...

Premature ejaculation (PE) is by far the most common male sexual complaint, with millions of men affected all over the world. It is estimated that up to 20-30% of all men may be suffering from various forms of PE. A variety of filler materials are widely used nowadays for soft ...

Background/Objectives:Few studies have shown that supplementation with micronutrients (MNs) or n-3 fatty acids may have health benefits such as reduced morbidity in schoolchildren. The effect of a combination of these nutrients has never been investigated. This study aimed to determine the effect of a combination of two different doses of ...