The harvesting, utilization and marketing of indigenous fruits and nuts have been central to the livelihoods of the majority of rural communities in African countries. In this study we report on the content of dietary fiber, minerals and selected organic acids in the pulps and kernels of the wild fruits ...

The role of clay minerals in crude oil saturated hydrocarbon removal during biodegradation was investigated in aqueous clay/saturated hydrocarbon microcosm experiments with a hydrocarbon degrading microorganism community. The clay minerals used for this study were montmorillonite, palygorskite, saponite and kaolinite. The clay mineral samples were treated with hydrochloric acid and ...

The facile syntheses of a variety functionalized propiolic acids were achieved by carboxylation of alkynylsilanes with carbon dioxide mediated by cesium fluoride under ambient conditions.

Reversible surface wetting behavior is a hot topic of research due to the potential engineering applications. In the present work, a hierarchical micro/nano-structure is fabricated on brass by alternate current (AC) etching. The superhydrophilic as-prepared etched brass (EB) turns into superhydrophobic after the modification of stearic acid for 1 min. ...

The adsorption behaviors of three carboxyl hydroxamic acids on diaspore (010) and kaolinite (001) have been studied by density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) method. The results indicated that carboxyl hydroxamic acids could adsorb on diaspore surface by ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds, and adsorb on kaolinite surface ...

Three new sulfated triterpene glycosides, asprellanosides C-E (1-3), were isolated from the roots of Ilex asprella. Their structures were elucidated as 3β-[(2-O-sulfo-β-d-xylopyranosyl)oxy]urs-12,19(29)-diene-28-oic acid 28-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), 3β-[(2-O-sulfo-β-d-xylopyranosyl)oxy]urs-12,19-diene-28-oic acid 28-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), and 3β-[(2-O-sulfo-β-d-xylopyranosyl)oxy]urs-12,19-diene-28-oic acid (3) on the basis of the spectral and chemical methods.

Applying in silico simulations and in vitro experiments, the amino acid proline was proved to have a profound influence on Streptomyces griseus trypsinogen, and the hydrogen bond between H(57) and D(102) was crucial for trypsin activity. By introducing an artificial propeptide IVEF, the titer of trypsin was increased by 6.71-fold.

The amount of dietary fibre, mineral and vitamin were determined in root, rhizome and leaf of four commonly-available seagrasses, Cymodocea serrulata, Syringodium isoetifolium, Halophila ovalis and Halodule pinifolia at a station off Hare Island, Tuticorin (8°45' N, 78°12' E) in the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere region during premonsoon (July-September), monsoon ...

Very little research has been carried out investigating techniques for the restoration of obliterated serial numbers on vehicle glass. A study into the effectiveness of hydrofluoric (HF) acid, a known etchant for glass, has been performed. Character sequences previously etched into panes of vehicle glass were sanded to varying depths ...

We investigated and compared the physicochemical properties (moisture, color, ash, pH, electrical conductivity, free acidity, lactonic acidity, total acidity, fructose, glucose, sucrose, diastase activity, and HMF) and mineral contents (Al, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn), as well as total ...

To evaluate total phenolic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanolic extracts of the Wiedemannia multifida (W. multifida) and Wiedemannnia orientalis (W. orientalis). Phosmomolybdenum assay, DPPH radical scavenging activity and β-carotene-linoleate bleaching were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity. The total phenolics were found to be (22.45±0.60) and (9.53±0.00) mg gallic ...

A rapid and sensitive HPLC-UV method for the quantitative determination of four short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lactic acid (LA) produced during in vitro fermentation is presented. Extraction of SCFAs from supernatants of bacterial cultures is aggravated due to their polarity and volatility. Detection can only be performed at a ...

Jasmonates are oxylipin signals which play important roles in the development of fertile flowers and in defense against pathogens and herbivores in leaves. The aim of this work was to understand the synthesis and function of jasmonates in roots. Grafting experiments with a jasmonate-deficient mutant demonstrated that roots produce jasmonates ...

The ascorbic acid, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins content and in vitro antioxidant activity of fresh pulps and seeds of cupuassu, harvested at three different times of the year, and in commercial frozen pulps were evaluated. Lipids, total phenolics contents and antioxidant activities were the highest in the seeds, followed by fresh ...

A new glass-ionomer cement (GIC) (Fuji VII™ EP) includes 3% (w/w) casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) to enhance ion release. OBJECTIVES: To assess this new GIC compared with a GIC without CPP-ACP (Fuji VII™) with respect to ion release, changes in surface hardness and in mass under a variety of ...

 Our aim was to assess the antioxidant capacities and phenolic constituents of methanol and aqueous extracts of Rhodiola imbricata Edgew. root from Trans-Himalayan cold desert of Ladakh. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging capacity of the root extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner (up to 0.1 mg/mL) ...

We have identified a gene, SHORT LATERAL ROOT LENGTH1 (SLL1), which is important for the elongation of lateral roots in rice. An sll1 mutant has decreased lateral root growth due to a defect in the cell elongation. The SLL1 gene encodes a member of the stearoyl-acyl carrier protein fatty acid ...

This study evaluated the in vitro effects of four natural substances on the biomass of bacterial biofilms to assess their potential use as root canal irrigants. The following substances and their combinations were tested: 0.2% farnesol; 5% xylitol; 20% xylitol; 0.2% farnesol and 5% xylitol; 0.2% farnesol, 5% xylitol, and ...

Abstract Objective: To test the null hypothesis that combining low-viscosity caries infiltrant with conventional adhesive resins would not improve sealing of sound enamel against demineralization in vitro. Materials and Methods: Bovine enamel discs (N  =  60) with diameter of 3 mm were randomly assigned to six groups (n  =  10). The ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different activation protocols for chelating agents used after chemo-mechanical preparation (CMP), for smear layer (SL) removal. Forty-five single-rooted human premolars with straight canals and fully formed apex were selected. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups depending on ...

A green and efficient method for large-scale preparation of glycyrrhizic acid from licorice roots was developed by combination of polyamide and macroporous resin. The entire preparation procedure consisted of two simple separation steps. The first step is to use polyamide resin to remove licorice flavoniods from the licorice crude extract. ...

The objective of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of viscosity changes of different acidic solutions on dental erosion. Bovine enamel samples (n = 240, Ø = 3 mm) were embedded in acrylic resin and were allocated to 30 groups (n = 8). Citric acid (CA) and ...

Hebanthe eriantha (Poir.) Pedersen (Amaranthaceae), which is known as Brazilian ginseng is widely used in folk medicine as an aphrodisiac and antidiabetic tonic. The anti-tumor activity, attributed to the pfaffic acid present in roots of H. eriantha, is responsible for the great interest in the commercialization of this species. In ...

Two new triterpenoids, 2α,3β-dihydroxyolean-11,13(18)-dien-19β,28-olide (1) and 3β,5β-dihydroxyglutinol (2), together with eight known compounds (3-10) were isolated from the roots of Rhaphiolepis indica var. tashiroi (Rosaceae). The structures of 1-10 were determined by spectroscopic techniques. Among these isolates, 2α,3β-dihydroxyolean-13(18)-en-28-oic acid (9) exhibited inhibitory effect on N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide production, with an ...

To determine the ability of various marketed dentifrices containing stabilized stannous fluoride (SnF2), sodium fluoride (NaF), or sodium monofluorophosphate (SMFP) to protect enamel against the earliest stages of erosive dietary acid damage using an in vitro enamel protection model. Acid-challenged, extracted human teeth were treated with a 1:3 dilution of ...

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microleakage of 3 one-bottle adhesives with different solvents added under the fissure sealant on intact etched enamel. A total of 100 sound mandibular third molars were randomly divided into 5 groups (N=20). Occlusal pits and fissures were sealed with ...

To assess the efficacy of 17% ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid and 7% maleic acid in the removal of 3 calcium hydroxide preparations placed as intracanal medicaments. The root canals of 60 single rooted premolars were prepared with a step back technique and randomly assigned into 3 experimental groups (n= ...

This study evaluated the capacity of fluoride acidic dentifrices (pH 4.5) to promote enamel remineralization using a pH cycling model, comparing them with a standard dentifrice (1,100 µgF/g). Enamel blocks had their surface polished and surface hardness determined (SH). Next, they were submitted to subsurface enamel demineralization and to post-demineralization surface hardness ...

The presence of Eriophorum angustifolium in mine tailings of pyrite maintains a neutral pH, despite weathering, thus lowering the release of toxic elements into acid mine drainage water. We investigated if the presence of slightly elevated levels of free toxic elements triggers the plant rhizosphere to change the pH towards ...

Macroscopic and colloidal silica surfaces were readily modified with alkoxysilaneboronate, IV, yielding silica surfaces with covalently bonded phenylboronic acid groups. XPS and neutron activation confirmed the presence of boron. The ability of these surfaces to specifically to interact with polyols was demonstrated with polyol-coated latex and with ARS, a dye ...

Oleic acid capped monodisperse SnO(2) quantum dots (QDs) of size 2.7 nm were synthesized by thermal decomposition and oxidation of Sn(II)(oleate) complex in high boiling nonpolar solvent octadecene using oleic acid as a capping agent and N-methylmorpholine N-oxide as an oxidizing agent. FTIR, DSC and TGA were employed to understand ...

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the histological effects of zoledronic acid on the periodontal space in rats. 40 male Wistar rats were divided into three zoledronic acid groups and a control group. Zoledronic acid was injected subcutaneously at doses of 10, 50, or 500μg/kg once a week ...

A new sensor for simultaneous determination of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide using silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) as a chromogenic reagent is introduced. The silver nanoparticles have the catalytic ability for the decomposition of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide; then the decomposition of them induces the degradation of silver nanoparticles. Hence, ...

This study compared dentine demineralization induced by in vitro and in situ models, and correlated dentine surface hardness (SH), cross-sectional hardness (CSH) and mineral content by transverse microradiography (TMR). Bovine dentine specimens (n = 15/group) were demineralized in vitro with the following: MC gel (6% carboxymethylcellulose gel and 0.1 M ...

Benzoic acid (BA) and phthalic acid (PTA) are the simplest aromatic carboxylic acids, and they can be regarded as typical model compounds in investigating the interaction of aromatic carboxylic acids with metal surfaces by use of SERS spectroscopy. In this work, we have investigated the structure and adsorption behavior of ...

The Stephan Curve has played a dominant role in caries research over the past several decades. What is so remarkable about the Stephan Curve is the plethora of interactions it illustrates and yet acid production remains the dominant focus. Using sophisticated technology, it is possible to measure pH changes in ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The secondary metabolites of higher plants include diverse chemicals, such as phenylpropanoids, alkaloids and isoprenoids. Although these compounds are widely used in human health care and nutrition services, their availability is limited by regional variations, and isolation of single compounds from plants is often difficult. Recent advances in ...

Here, we report a systematic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) study of the structures of five N-benzylamino(boronphenyl)-methylphosphonic acids: N-benzylamino-(3-boronphenyl)-S-methylphosphonic acid (m-PhS), N-benzylamino-(4-boronphenyl)-S-methylphosphonic acid (p-PhS), N-benzylamino-(2-boronphenyl)-R-methylphosphonic acid (o-PhR), N-benzylamino-(3-boronphenyl)-R-methyl-phosphonic acid (m-PhR), and N-benzylamino-(4-boronphenyl)-R-methylphosphonic acid (p-PhR) adsorbed on nanometer-sized colloidal particles (20-25nm). For example, we showed that all of these molecules interact with ...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The aqueous extract of the roots of Aristolochia indica is used as a decoction for the ailment of a number of diseases including snake bite treatment. Though the alcoholic extract of the different parts of the plant are well studied, information on the aqueous extract is limited. We ...

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, combustion gas analysis and N(2) adsorption were used to quantify the degree of desulfation of cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs). CNWs were produced by hydrolyzing cotton cellulose with sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid treatment did not result in any cellulose chemical modification. Hydrolysis ...

The stem and root barks of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Ulmaceae) have been used to treat inflammatory diseases including mastitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, and enteritis. In an ongoing study focused on the discovery of natural anti-inflammatory compounds from natural products, a methanol extract of the stem and root barks of U. ...

OBJECTIVE: This study tested the potential hampering effects of acidic sulfur compounds (ASC) containing hydroxybenzene sulfonic acid, hydroxymethoxybenzene sulfonic acid, and sulfuric acid, prior to self-etch and etch-and-rinse bonding procedures on enamel and dentin. According to the manufacturer, ASC should be applied after cavity preparation and prior to application of ...

In the present study it was evaluated the paralysis activity, of the whole Italian and Algerian Melia azedarach fruits and parts (seeds, wood, kernel), against Meloidogyne incognita second stage juveniles (J2). Paralysis activity was evaluated in vitro after one hour and one day immersion periods of nematodes in test solutions. ...

Three new triterpene saponins, ilexsaponins D-F (1-3), were isolated from the roots of Ilex pubescens. Their structures were elucidated as 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl(1 → 3)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl urs-12,18-diene-24,28-dioic acid 28-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl(1 → 3)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl urs-12,18-diene-24,28-dioic acid (2), and 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl(1 → 3)-α-l-arabinoyranosyl-30-hydroxyurs-12,19-diene-24,28-dioic acid 28-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3) on the basis of the chemical and spectroscopic evidence.

Artificial metalloproteins resulting from the embedding of half-sandwich Ru(ii)/Rh(iii) fatty acid derivatives within β-lactoglobulin catalysed the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of trifluoroacetophenone with modest to good conversions and fair ee's.

This study determined if dentin proteases are denatured by phosphoric acid (PA) used in etch-and-rinse dentin adhesives. Dentin beams were completely demineralized with EDTA for 30 days. We "acid-etched" experimental groups by exposing the demineralized dentin beams to 1, 10, or 37 mass% PA for 15 sec or 15 min. ...

The influence of sulfuric acid concentration (HSO 5-25%, 100°C), crystallinity and fibers size on the hydrolysis reaction of sisal pulps were investigated, with the goal of evaluating both the liquor composition, as an important step in the production of bioethanol, and the residual non-hydrolyzed pulp, to determine its potential application ...

A facile no-carrier-added one pot micro-molar scale radiolabelled synthesis of 2-[(14)C]-uracil from [(14)C]-urea and propiolic acid in the presence of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) with an yield of 48.33% and with radiochemical purity of 98% is reported in this paper.

Sulfonyl fluorides are known to inhibit esterases. Early work from our laboratory has identified hexadecyl sulfonylfluoride (AM374) as a potent in vitro and in vivo inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). We now report on later generation sulfonyl fluoride analogs that exhibit potent and selective inhibition of FAAH. Using ...

Gibberellic acid (GA(3)) is reported to have diverse effects on hairy root cultures of many plant species; therefore, the effects of GA(3) on the growth, secondary metabolite production (caffeic acid derivatives and lignin), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity, and free radical scavenging activity of light-grown Echinacea purpurea L. hairy roots ...