Clostridium bifermentans strains, isolated from a manure, were examinated for their ability to produce lactic acid from PY medium with glycerol under different pH conditions and when PY medium was supplemented with saccharides such as fructose, sorbitol, glucose, mannose, mannitol, maltose, xylose, raffinose, and arabinose. In the last test performed, ...

Citric acid was produced by five species of the yeast Candida after growth on a medium containing soy biodiesel-based crude glycerol. After growth on a medium containing 10 g L(-1) or 60 g L(-1) crude glycerol for 168 hr at 30°C, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 7330 and C. guilliermondii ATCC 9058 produced the highest citric acid ...

In isotope tracer experiments used in nutritional studies, it is frequently desirable both to determine the (15) N/(14) N ratios of target compounds and to quantify these compounds. This report shows how this can be achieved in a single chromatographic run for protein amino acids using an isotope ratio mass ...

In this study, we developed a facile approach to produce nanogels via self-assembly of folic acid, soy protein, and soy polysaccharide. High pressure homogenization was introduced to break down the original aggregates of soy protein that benefits the binding of soy protein with soy polysaccharide and folic acid at pH ...

This study was purposed to examine the use of amino acids as an indicator to determine whether groundwater around carcass burial sites is polluted by livestock wastewater (LW) or carcass leachate (CL). The analysis of samples showed that the average amino acid concentration of carcass leachate (531.897 mg/L; 4341.784 μmol/L) was about ...

Hexanoic acid production by a bacterium using sucrose as an economic carbon source was studied under conditions in which hexanoic acid was continuously extracted by liquid-liquid extraction. Megasphaera elsdenii NCIMB 702410, selected from five M. elsdenii strains, produced 4.69 g l(-1) hexanoic acid in a basal medium containing sucrose. Production increased to ...

Cyclic depsipeptide FK228 with an intramolecular disulfide bond is a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDAC). FK228 is stable in blood because of its prodrug function, whose -SS- bond is reduced within the cell. Here, cyclic peptides with -SS- bridges between a variety of amino acids were synthesized and assayed ...

A strain of acidogenic bacterium was isolated from the fermentation liquid of Cantonese-style rice vinegar produced by traditional surface fermentation. 16S rDNA identification confirmed the bacterium as Gluconacetobacter xylinus, which synthesizes bacterial cellulose, and the acid productivity of the strain was investigated. In the study, the effects of the membrane ...

The mammalian pathogen Bordetella bronchiseptica was grown under controlled batch conditions with glutamate as the primary carbon and nitrogen source. First, a Box-Behnken statistical design quantified the effect of Mg, sulfate, and nicotinate on the antigen filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) formation. Using lactic acid as a secondary carbon source for pH ...

Escherichia coli is the most popular microorganism for the production of recombinant proteins and also gaining increasing importance for the production of low-molecular weight compounds such as amino acids. The metabolic cost associated to the production of amino acids and (recombinant) proteins from glucose, glycerol and acetate was determined using ...

When they are fed with bacteria, Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae produce and secrete multilamellar bodies (MLBs), which are composed of membranous material. It has been proposed that MLBs are a waste disposal system allowing D. discoideum to eliminate undigested bacterial remains. However, the real function of MLBs remains unknown. Determining the ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fatty acid and phytosterol contents in ethanol extracts of lotus seeds and rhizomes. These ethanol extracts were extracted with hexane. The hexane extracts were hydrolyzed in a microwave reactor and total fatty acids and phytosterols were analyzed. The hexane extracts were ...

Abstract Groundnut cake (GNC) and soybean cake (SBC) by-product of agriculture industry had protein and protein digestibility in the range of 42.7-50.5 and 71.3-76.8%, respectively. Polyphenols present in GNC and SBC were cholorogenic acid, syringic acid and p-coumaric acid. The number of bands separated in soybean meal was greater than ...

AeNAT5 (NCBI, ABZ81822), an orphan member of the insect-specific Nutrient Amino acid Transporter subfamily of SoLute Carrier family 6 (NAT-SLC6) and the first representative of a novel eukaryotic methionine-selective transport system (M), was cloned from cDNA of the vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti. It has orphan orthologs throughout several mosquito genomes, ...

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) produces two oils of major economic importance, commonly referred to as palm oil and palm kernel oil, extracted from the mesocarp and the endosperm, respectively. While lauric acid predominates in endosperm oil, the major fatty acids (FA) of mesocarp oil are palmitic and oleic acids. The ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is determine the relative sensitivity of a panel of seven polyhydroxyalkanoate producing bacteria to a panel of seven lignocellulosic-derived fermentation inhibitors representing aliphatic acids, furans and phenolics. A further aim was to measure the polyhydroxybutyrate production of select organisms on lignocellulosic-derived monosaccharides arabinose, xylose, ...

A novel metal ion-independent phospholipase B (PLB684 ) from Streptomyces sp. strain NA684 was purified 264-fold from the culture supernatant with 2.85% recovery (6,330 U/mg-protein). The enzyme functions as a monomer with a molecular weight of 38.9 kDa. Maximum activity was found at pH 8.4 and 50 °C. The substrate ...

Therapeutic proteins are indispensable in treating numerous human diseases. However, therapeutic proteins often suffer short serum half-life. In order to extend the serum half-life, a natural albumin ligand (a fatty acid) has been conjugated to small therapeutic peptides resulting in a prolonged serum half-life via binding to patients' serum albumin ...

Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is an anionic surfactant used in cleaning products, which is usually found in wastewaters. Despite the greater LAS removal rate related to a lower concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA), the influence of different ranges of VFA on LAS degradation is not known. LAS degradation was ...

Cyclic phosphoric acids displaying planar chiral paracyclophane structures, which include a 1,1'-ferrocenediyl unit, have been designed as a new class of chiral organocatalysts. Their synthesis, optical resolution, structural characterization and preliminary catalytic tests are reported.

The amino acid composition of N. clavipes dragline silk fiber is determined by conducting (1)H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy experiments on acid hydrolyzed material. N. clavipes dragline silk was found to consist of 43.0±0.6% Gly, 29.3±0.2% Ala, 9.1±0.1% Glx, 4.0±0.1% Leu, 3.3±0.1% Tyr, 3.4 ±0.2% Ser, 2.7±0.1% Pro, 2.1±0.1% ...

Enteroviruses, noroviruses and adenoviruses are among the most common viruses infecting humans worldwide. These viruses are shed in the feces of infected individuals and can accumulate in wastewater, making wastewater a source of a potentially diverse group of enteric viruses. In this study, two procedures were evaluated to concentrate noroviruses, ...

The distributions of amino acids at most-conserved sites nearest catalytic/active centers (C/AC) in 4,645 sequences of ten enzymes of the glycolytic Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway in Archaea, Bacteria and Eukaryota are similar to the proposed temporal order of their appearance on Earth. Glycine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, glutamic acid and possibly lysine often ...

New chiral bifunctional thiourea-phosphonium salts have been developed based on natural amino acids as highly efficient phase-transfer catalysts in the enantioselective aza-Henry reaction.

(R)-α-Aminoadipic acid is a readily available enantiomerically pure starting material for the synthesis of (R)-pipecolic acid and its derivatives. Sonogashira or Suzuki cross-coupling reactions of an N-formyl pipecolate-derived vinyl bromide furnish 6-alkynyl or aryl derivatives. Reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride and subsequent N-deformylation provide 6-alkynyl substituted (R)-pipecolic acid derivatives, valuable building ...

The Cu(2+)-mediated self-assembly of oxamato-based ligands derived from either the (S)- or (R)-enantiomers of the amino acid valine leads to the formation of two antiferromagnetically coupled homochiral anionic hexacopper(ii) wheels in the presence of templating tetramethylammonium countercations.

Immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica (Novozyme 435) was tested for the synthesis of various phenolic acid esters (ethyl and n-butyl cinnamate, ethyl p-coumarate and n-butyl p-methoxycinnamate). The second-order kinetic model was used to mathematically describe the reaction kinetics and to compare present processes quantitatively. It was found that the model ...

BACKGROUND: Polylactic acid is a renewable raw material that is increasingly used in the manufacture of bioplastics, which offers a more sustainable alternative to materials derived from fossil resources. Both lactic acid bacteria and genetically engineered yeast have been implemented in commercial scale in biotechnological production of lactic acid. In ...

A novel efficient synthesis of ginkgolic acid (13:0) from abundant 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid was successfully developed through a state-of-the-art palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction and catalytic hydrogenation with an overall yield of 34% in five steps. The identity of the synthesized ginkgolic acid (13:0) was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, infrared, ...

We have developed a near-infrared (NIR) reversible and ratiometric fluorescence sensor based on Se-BODIPY for the redox cycle between hypobromous acid oxidative stress and hydrogen sulfide repair. Real-time imaging shows that the probe is able to monitor intracellular HBrO/H2S redox cycle replacement.

The potential of Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 to metabolize chlorogenic acids from green coffee extract was investigated. Two enzymes, an esterase and a hydroxycinnamate decarboxylase (HCD), were involved in this biotransformation. The complete hydrolysis of 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) into caffeic acid (CA) by L. johnsonii esterase occurred during the first ...

The highly conserved G-M-N motif of the CorA-Mrs2-Alr1 family of Mg(2+) channels has been shown to be essential for Mg(2+) transport. We performed random mutagenesis of the G-M-N sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mrs2p in an unbiased genetic screen. A large number of mutants still capable of Mg(2+) influx, albeit below ...

Terreic acid is a metabolite with antibiotic properties produced by the fungus Aspergillus terreus, but its cellular target remains unknown. We recently reported that terreic acid inactivates the bacterial cell wall biosynthetic enzyme MurA in vitro by covalent reaction with residue Cys115 in a similar manner as the MurA-specific antibiotic ...

The reaction of the gold(I) complex [Au(SpyCOOH)(PPh3)], which contains nicotinic acid thiolate, with several amino acid esters such as glycine methyl ester or the enantiomerically pure l isomers of alanine methyl ester, phenylalanine methyl ester, valine methyl ester, methionine methyl ester, and proline methyl ester produces the gold(I) derivatives with ...

A soil bacterium, strain KK22, was isolated from a phenanthrene enrichment culture of a bacterial consortium that grew on diesel fuel and it was found to biotransform the persistent environmental pollutant and high molecular weight PAH benz[a]anthracene. Near complete sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene of strain KK22 and phylogenetic ...

Succinic acid is an important platform chemical for synthesis of C4 compounds. We applied genome shuffling to improve fermentative production of succinic acid by A. succinogenes. Using a screening strategy composed of selection in fermentation broth, cultured in 96-deep-well plates, and condensed HPLC screening, a starting population of 11 mutants ...

We present major results concerning isolation and determination of the nucleotide sequence of hemagglutinin (HA1) of the pandemic (H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses found in Tunisia. Amino acid analysis revealed minor amino acid changes in the antigenic or receptor-binding domains. We found mutations that were also present in 1918 pandemic virus, which ...

The β-oxidation weakened Pseudomonas putida were established as a platform for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) with adjustable monomer compositions and micro-structures. When mutant P. putida KTOYO6ΔC (phaPCJA.c) was cultivated on mixtures of sodium butyrate and sodium hexanoate (C4:C6), random copolymers of P(3HB-co-3HHx) consisting of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx), were ...

A recently isolated Australian Aurantiochytrium sp. strain TC 20 was investigated using small-scale (2 L) bioreactors for the potential of co-producing biodiesel and high-value omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Higher initial glucose concentration (100 g/L compared to 40 g/L) did not result in markedly different biomass (48 g/L) or fatty acid (12-14 g/L) yields by ...

The objective of this study was to improve knowledge regarding the amino acid profile of the insoluble portion of ingested forage escaping rumen degradation. Six forage categories were analyzed. Categories varied in botanical composition and each contained 2 samples. Samples within categories were derived from the same parent material but ...

Poly-lactic acid (PLA) derived from renewable resources is considered to be a good substitute for petroleum-based plastics. The number of poly L-lactic acid applications is increased by the introduction of a stereocomplex PLA, which consists of both poly-L and D-lactic acid and has a higher melting temperature. To date, several ...

We prepared nano-micro-architectural acidic silica from a natural amorphous iron oxide with structural silicon which is a product of the iron-oxidizing bacterium Leptothrix ochracea. The starting material was heat-treated at 500°C in a H2 gas flow leading to segregation of α-Fe crystalline particles, then dissolved in 1N hydrochloric acid to ...

"Green juice", obtained by squeezing fresh alfalfa leaves inoculated with lactic acid bacteria, was fermented at room temperature for 7-21d to obtain 12-47glactic acidL(-1). Inoculation of green juice with Streptococcus bovis and incubation at 39°C reduced fermentation time to 8-12h. The resulting "brown juice" from either fermentation had a pH ...

One of the proposed pathways to the synthesis of 4-hydroxy-nonenal (HNE) and related aldehydes entails formation of an intermediate bis-allylic fatty acid dihydroperoxide. As a first direct demonstration of such a pathway and proof of principle, herein we show that 8R-lipoxygenase (8R-LOX) catalyzes the enzymatic production of the HNE-like product ...

Neutral amino acid exchange by the alanine serine cysteine transporter (ASCT)2 was reported to be electroneutral and coupled to the cotransport of one Na(+) ion. The cotransported sodium ion carries positive charge. Therefore, it is possible that amino acid exchange is voltage dependent. However, little information is available on the ...

4-Hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylases (HPAHs) of the two-component flavin-dependent monooxygenase family are attractive enzymes that possess the catalytic potential to synthesize valuable ortho-diphenol compounds from simple monophenol compounds. In this study, we investigated the catalytic activity of HPAH from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1 toward cinnamic acid derivatives. We prepared Escherichia coli cells ...

A new dammarane triterpene named mauritic acid (1) was isolated from the roots of Mauritia flexuosa L.f. The complete structural assignment of this new compound was elucidated from spectroscopic methods. Moreover, this compound was evaluated for its cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines (OVCAR-8, PCM3, NCIH358M and different leukaemia cell ...

The paralogous receptors PctA, PctB and PctC of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were reported to mediate chemotaxis to amino acids, intermediates of amino acid metabolism and chlorinated hydrocarbons. We show that the recombinant ligand binding regions (LBRs) of PctA, PctB and PctC bind 17, 5 and 2 L-amino acids, respectively. In addition, ...

Air dried whole coffee fruits, beans and husks from China, India and Mexico were analysed for their chlorogenic acids (CGA), caffeine, and polyphenolic content. Analysis was by HPLC and Orbitrap exact mass spectrometry. Total phenol, total flavonol and antioxidant capacity were measured. The hydroxycinnamate profile consisted of caffeoylquinic acids, feruloyquinic ...

OBJECTIVES: When Lactobacillus spp. dominate the vaginal microbiota of women of reproductive age they acidify the vagina to pH <4.0 by producing ∼1% lactic acid in a nearly racemic mixture of d- and l-isomers. We determined the HIV virucidal activity of racemic lactic acid, and its d- and l-isomers, compared ...