In this study, the native acid protease gene in Yarrowia lipolytica 22a-2 with high content of protein was disrupted, and the disruptant 3-13-10 obtained had very low acid protease activity. Then, the acid protease gene (AP1 gene) from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera A11 was actively expressed in the disruptant 3-13-10, and the ...

Enzymatic transamination of amino acids yields α-keto acids and is the initial step for the production of volatile compounds that contribute to the sensory perception of fermented food such as salami. Lactobacillus sakei is one of the lactic acid bacteria strains commonly used in starter cultures. Although the genome sequence ...

The structure and in vitro digestibility of native waxy rice starch by the combined hydrolysis of α-amylase and hydrochloric acid were investigated in this study. The combined hydrolysis technique generated higher hydrolysis rate and extent than the enzymatic hydrolysis. The granular appearance and chromatograph profile demonstrated that α-amylase and hydrochloric ...

The area of the Black Triangle has been exposed to extreme levels of acid deposition in the twentieth century. The chemical weathering of sandstones found within the Black Triangle became well-known phenomenon. Infiltration of acid rain solutions into the sandstone represents the main input of salt components into the sandstone. ...

A thermophilic Bacillus coagulans WCP10-4 with tolerance to high concentration of glucose was isolated from soil and used to produce optically pure L-lactic acid from glucose and starch. In batch fermentation at pH 6.0, 240 g/L of glucose was completely consumed giving 210 g/L of L-lactic acid with a yield of 95 % and ...

BACKGROUND: Phenolic compounds are the predominant ingredients in apple pomace. However, polyphenols from industrial apple pomace, which usually consists of several cultivars, have not been studied in detail. The present work focused on the antioxidant assay and HPLC analysis of polyphenol-enriched extracts from industrial apple pomace. RESULTS: Six fractions of ...

Asymmetric intermolecular conjugate addition of α-amino acid derivatives with 4 via memory of chirality has been developed. The reactions proceeded in up to 98% ee with retention of configuration at the newly formed tetrasubstituted carbon center when R = Me. The product (R = Me) was transformed into manzacidin A.

BACKGROUND: Literature data are scarce on the activities of analogous pairs of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants related to the 'polar paradox' distinguishing antioxidants based on their partitioning between lipids and water. The peroxidation of linoleic acid (LA) in the presence of either Cu(II) ions alone or Cu(II) ions combined with ...

Crude composition, fatty acids, sterols, total phenolic content (TPC), individual polyphenols and terpenic acids were determined in five wild edible mushrooms species (Lactarius deliciosus, Lactarius sanguifluus, Lactarius semisanguifluus, Russula delica, Suillus bellinii) from Lesvos Island, Greece. In addition, the DPPH scavenging capacity, the ferric ion reducing power (FRAP) and the ...

Acid chlorides can be activated using a simple iodide source to undergo nucleophilic attack from a variety of relatively weak nucleophiles. These include Friedel-Crafts acylation of N-methylpyrroles, N-acylation of sulfonamides, and acylation reactions of hindered phenol derivatives. The reaction is believed to proceed through a transient acid iodide intermediate.

4-Coumaric acid:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) is involved in monolignol biosynthesis for lignification in plant cell walls. It ligates coenzyme A (CoA) with hydroxycinnamic acids, such as 4-coumaric and caffeic acids, into hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA thioesters. The ligation ensures the activated state of the acid for reduction into monolignols. In Populus, it has ...

The effect of Ca(2+) in brewing water on the organic acid content, turbidity, and formation of tea cream and sediment in green tea infusions was studied. When the Ca(2+) concentration of the brewing water was >40mgL(-1), the green tea infusion became more turbid. The turbidity of the tea infusion was ...

Calafate (Berberis microphylla G. Forst) is a Patagonian barberry very rich in anthocyanins and one of the fruits with the highest levels of these polyphenols. Other phenolic compounds have also been described in calafate berries. However, to the best of our knowledge there is no available information on hydroxycinnamic acid ...

The properties of pretreated biomass and hydrolysate obtained by oxalic acid pretreatment using oxalic acid recovered through electrodialysis (ED) were investigated. Most of the oxalic acid was recovered and some of the fermentation inhibitors were removed by ED. For the original hydrolysate, the ethanol production was very low and fermentable ...

Di-O-cinnamoylated, -p-coumaroylated, and -feruloylated d-, l- and meso-tartaric acids were synthesized as analogues of the natural product FR258900, a glycogen phosphorylase (GP) inhibitor with in vivo antihyperglycaemic activity. The new compounds inhibited rabbit muscle GP in the low micromolar range, and bound to the allosteric site of the enzyme. The ...

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase (ALAS) HemA from non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria has been used for the ALA bioproduction, whereas the isoenzyme HemT/HemO is less studied and not used for ALA production. Two ALAS-encoding genes, hemA and hemO from Rhodopseudomonas palustris were cloned, purified and characterized. The ALASs had very high specific ...

A series of carboxylic acid substituted phenyleneethynylenes, having a rigid backbone of 2.7±0.1 nm, were synthesized by following the Heck-Cassar-Sonagashira-Hagihara cross coupling reaction. Hydrogen bonding, through the formation of cyclic dimers of carboxylic acid, is more preferred over catemeric structures in all the molecular systems under investigation. The formation of ...

Enhanced virulence or infectivity after passage through a mammalian host has been reported for a number of enteric food-borne pathogens. Citrobacter rodentium is a mouse pathogen that mimics many aspects of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection of humans and serves as a useful model for studying virulence mechanisms. Emergence of a ...

Gallic acid has been reported to be responsible for the invasive success of nonnative genotypes of Phragmites australis in North America. We have been unable to confirm previous reports of persistent high concentrations of gallic acid in the rhizosphere of invasive P. australis, and of high concentrations of gallic acid ...

  Refrigerated cucumber pickle products cannot be heat processed due to the loss of characteristic sensory attributes. Typically brined refrigerated pickles contain less than 100 mM acetic acid with pH values of 3.7 to 4.0. Refrigeration (4 to 10 °C) helps to inhibit the growth of spoilage bacteria and maintain ...

A zanamivir post-approval efficacy study was conducted in children (n=279) in Japan during 3 influenza seasons. Pharyngeal swabs (n=714) were obtained for detailed resistance analysis.From 371 cultured viruses, three viruses (A/H1N1) from two subjects showed reduced susceptibility to zanamivir at Day 1(before treatment), one had a N74S amino acid substitution ...

Isolates from gardening waste compost and 38 culture collection microbes were grown on agar plates at pH 4.0 with the cutinase model substrate polycaprolactone as a carbon source. The strains showing polycaprolactone hydrolysis were cultivated in liquid at acidic pH and the cultivations were monitored by assaying the p-nitrophenyl butyrate ...

We established a simple spectrophotometric and colorimetric method for detection of ascorbic acid based on the growth of silver nanoparticles in bovine serum albumin protected-silver nanoclusters (BSA-AgNCs) and Ag(+) mixture. Due to the catalysis of BSA-AgNCs, ascorbic acid could reduce Ag(+) to silver nanoparticles (NPs) at room temperature. The color ...

Currently, α-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG) is industrially produced by multi-step chemical synthesis, which can cause heavy environmental pollution. Here we reported a simple one-step approach for the production of α-KG by transforming L-glutamic acid with an engineered L-amino acid deaminase (L-AAD) from Proteus mirabilis. First, to facilitate the purification of membrane-bound ...

Six new carboxylic acids (1-6), together with 11 known ones (7-17), were isolated from the aerial parts of Lysimachia clethroides. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence. Five new carboxylic acids (1 and 3-6) were evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activity against aldose ...

A novel titania-based molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized through sol-gel process with sunset yellow (Sun) as template, without use of functional monomer. MIP was used as a solid-phase extraction material for the isolation and enrichment of sulfonic acid dyes in beverages. The results showed that MIP exhibited better selectivity, ...

Synthesis of the 6-hydroxy-7-methyl analog of typharin (8-dihydroxy-3-styryl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin) isolated from the rhizomes of Typha capensis has been described. Direct condensation of 3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylhomophthalic acid (1) with cinnamoyl chloride at elevated temperature under inert conditions afforded 6,8-dihydroxy-7-methyl-3-styrylisocoumarin (2). Hydrolysis of isocoumarin to keto acid (3) followed by reduction and cyclodehydration of hydroxy ...

Microorganisms have been used for biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) production due to their significant environmental and economic benefits. The aim of the present research was to develop new strains of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 and to increase the content of long-chain fatty acids by overexpressing essential enzymes that are ...

The production of organic acids from several yeasts isolated from mature plums on media containing glycerol as carbon source was analysed by HPLC-UV. The yeasts isolated were identified by sequencing the 5.8S internal transcribed spacer as Pichia fermentans, Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Candida oleophila. The organic acid profiles of these strains ...

A new class of surface-active compounds based on the combination of silicones and boronic acids is described. The properties of the compounds can be tuned by manipulation of both the hydrophobic (silicone size and 3D structure) and hydrophilic components (by binding different saccharides to the boronic acid). Stabilization of the ...

Pharmaceuticals have been frequently detected in aquatic environment worldwide and suspected for potential ecological consequences. However, occurrences, sources and potential risks of pharmaceutical residues have rarely been investigated in Bangkok, Thailand, one of most densely populated cities in the world. We collected water samples from five wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), ...

Structural changes as a result of variations in pH value and salt concentration were determined for purified vicilin, the major globular protein in kidney beans using intrinsic fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD). The vicilin consisted of two polypeptide chains of about 43 and 45kDa in size when analysed under reducing ...

Four new beilschmiedic acid derivatives, cryptobeilic acids A-D (1-4), and tsangibeilin B (5) have been isolated from the bark of Beilschmiedia cryptocaryoides collected from Madagascar. Their structures were elucidated using detailed spectroscopic and spectrometric methods. Cryptobeilic acid A (1) and tsangibeilin B (5) structures were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction ...

Ten new nervogenic acid derivatives (1-4, 6-11) and one known compound (5) have been isolated from Liparis nervosa. Their structures were determined using extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Compounds 3, 4, 9, 10, and 11 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against A549, H460, Hela, MCF-7, Caco2, and ...

Energy-dependent uphill transport but not energy-independent downhill transport by lactose permease (LacY) is impaired when expressed in Escherichia coli cells or reconstituted in liposomes lacking phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and containing only anionic phospholipids. The absence of PE results in inversion of the N-terminal half and misfolding of periplasmic domain P7, which ...

An efficient and environmentally friendly methodology for the solvent-free synthesis of α-amino nitrile derived ureas from α-amino acid based amino nitriles has been developed. At room temperature no epimerization was observed in the resulting ureas, but under microwave heating, epimerization occurred at the chiral center bearing the cyano group.

The chiral ketone, (S)-3, shows high kinetic enantioselectivities toward L-form for general underivatized amino acids with hydrophobic side chains, and a high thermodynamic enantioselectivity toward D-form for cysteine with -SH polar side chain when used as an extractant in the enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction in the presence of Aliquat 336. Continuing ...

The capabilities of 20 strains of fungi to transform acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic (AKBA) were screened. And biotransformation of AKBA by Cunninghamella blakesleana AS 3.970 afforded five metabolites (1-5), while two metabolites (6, 7) were isolated from biotransformation of Cunninghamella elegans AS 3.1207. The chemical structures of these metabolites were identified by spectral ...

Soybean seeds store significant amounts of their biomass as protein, levels of which reflect the carbon and nitrogen received by the developing embryo. The relationship between carbon and nitrogen supply during filling and seed composition was examined through a series of embryo culturing experiments. Three distinct ratios of carbon to ...

Leishmania has strong acid phosphatase activity both on the external surface of the plasma membrane and secreted into the extracellular milieu. Secreted acid phosphatase (sAcP), which is the most abundant secreted protein of Leishmania, is also a virulence factor that plays a role in vertebrate infection and survival in sand ...

Two new anthracene-functionalized fluorescent tris-imidazolium salts have been synthesized, characterized and proved to be selective sensors for picric acid, which is a common constituent of many powerful explosives. Theoretical study revealed an unusual ground state electron transfer from picrate anion to the sensor molecules.

Keetia leucantha is a West African tree used in traditional medicine to treat several diseases among which parasitic infections. The dichloromethane extract of leaves was previously shown to possess growth-inhibitory activities on Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Leishmania mexicana mexicana with low or no cytotoxicity (>100μg/ml on human normal ...

Recent data indicate that the nutrients available to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) inside its host cell are restricted in their diversity. Fatty acids and cholesterol appear more favored, however, their degradation can result in certain metabolic stresses. Their breakdown can generate propionyl-CoA, which gives rise to potentially toxic intermediates. Detoxification of ...

Marked absent: The pseudo-oxidative decarboxylative coupling of carboxylic acids and arenes using rhodium(I) in the absence of an oxidant is described. The study offers a new convenient method for the construction of C sp 2C sp 2/C sp 3 bonds.

The fatty acid pattern of dietary lipids can be modified during rumen biohydrogenation (BH). The objective of the present study was to assess changes in the FA pattern of different oilseed products supplied either as crushed full fat oilseed or as free oil after in vitro incubation with buffered rumen ...

Ribosomes containing modifications in three regions of 23S rRNA, all of which are in proximity to the ribosomal peptidyltransferase center (PTC), were utilized previously as a source of S-30 preparations for in vitro protein biosynthesis experiments. When utilized in the presence of mRNAs containing UAG codons at predetermined positions+β-alanyl-tRNA(CUA), the ...

The compatibility of D-amino acids with peptide elongation during translation has been examined in several studies. However, some of the studies have reported that D-amino acids are incompatible with translation, whereas others have reported that D-amino acids are incorporated into polypeptides. Here, we have reevaluated the incorporation of a series ...

Terminalia species are a rich source of tannins. Many preparations of these species are used in traditional medicine and have many different ethnobotanical applications. A simple UHPLC method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of such hydrolysable tannins and triterpene saponins from the fruit rinds of different species of Terminalia ...

Abstract Context: At elevated temperatures, studies have shown that serum albumin undergoes irreversible changes to its secondary structure. Anionic fatty acids and/or anionic surfactants have been shown to stabilize human serum albumin (HSA) against thermal denaturation through bridging hydrophobic domains and cationic amino acids residues of the protein. Objective: As ...

This study evaluated the conventional jet cooking liquefaction process followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) at 30% and 35% DS (dry solids) concentration of Indian sorghum feedstock for ethanol production, with addition of acid fungal protease or urea. To evaluate the efficacy of thermostable alpha-amylase in liquefaction at 30% ...