Six new glycosides (1-6) have been isolated from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica. Their structures including the absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods as ( - )-2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid 2-O-β-d-(6-O-benzoyl)-glucopyranoside (1), ( - )-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid 4-O-β-d-(6-O-benzoyl)-glucopyranoside (2), ( - )-(E)-3,5-dimethoxyphenylpropenoic acid 4-O-β-d-(6-O-benzoyl)-glucopyranoside (3), ( - )-(7S,8R)-(4-hydroxyphenylglycerol 9-O-β-d-[6-O-(E)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenylpropenoyl]-glucopyranoside (4), ( - )-(7S,8R)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol 9-O-β-d-[6-O-(E)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenylpropenoyl]-glucopyranoside (5), and ( - )-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenol β-d-{6-O-[4-O-(7S,8R)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-8-yl)-3-methoxybenzoyl]}-glucopyranoside (6), ...

Five new diterpenoids belonging to labdane and isopimarane skeletons, mumic acids A-E (1-5), have been isolated from mumiyo. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical derivatization.

The O-polysaccharide of Providencia alcalifaciens O35 was studied by sugar and methylation analyses along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, including 2D (1)H,(13)C HMBC, and NOESY experiments in D2O and, to detect correlations for NH protons, in a 9:1 H2O/D2O mixture. A unique N-(1-carboxyethyl)alanine (alanopine, Alo) derivative of 4-amino-4,6-dideoxyglucose (Qui4N) ...

The microbiological transformation of the triterpene nigranoic acid (3,4-secocycloarta-4(28),24(Z)-diene-3,26-dioic acid) (1) to 3,4-secocycloarta-4(28),17(20),24(Z)-triene-7β-hydroxy-16β,26-lactone-3-oic acid (2) and 3,4-secocycloarta-4(28),17(20)(Z),24(Z)-triene-7β-hydroxy-16β-methoxy-3,26-dioic acid (3) by the freshwater fungus Dictyosporium heptasporum YMF1.01213 has been demonstrated. The structures of the biotransformation products were determined by spectroscopic and MS analyses. Compound 2, characterized by the presence of a ...

Light work: UV irradiation of a system formed by adding copper(I) cyanide to an aqueous solution of glycolonitrile, sodium phosphate, and hydrogen sulfide efficiently generates aldehyde precursors to the building blocks of RNA and proteins.

Abstract Background. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly propionic and butyric acids, have been shown to have many positive health effects. The amount and type of SCFAs formed from dietary fibre by the colonic microbiota depends on the substrate available and is reflected in blood. The total intake and type of ...

Spiral binding: A highly enantioselective hydrogenation of unsaturated heterocyclic acids has been developed by using chiral iridium/spirophosphino oxazoline catalysts (see scheme; BArF (-) =tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate, Boc=tert-butoxycarbonyl). This reaction provided an efficient method for the preparation of optically active heterocyclic acids with excellent enantioselectivities.

The composition of yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) communities and the chemical evolution of the large-scale commercial vinification of Catarratto IGT Sicilia, carried out under the biological regime, was followed from grape harvest until bottling. Simultaneously to the maximum growth of yeasts, LAB counts reached high level of concentration ...

α-3 carbonic anhydrase isozyme (CAIII) is the most abundant protein in adipocytes and considered insensitive to sulfonamide inhibitors. It was reported recently that the knock-down of CAIII is attributed with controlling lipogenesis. Thus inhibition of this target may lead to the discovery of new therapies against obesity and insulin resistance. ...

Ceramidases are a group of enzymes that catalyse hydrolysis of ceramides to generate fatty acid and sphingosine. In this study, we report the cloning and characterization of the rice small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus neutral ceramidase (nCDase), LsnCer. LsnCer was identified by sequencing the transcriptome of L. striatellus and is ...

Mushroom extracts or isolated compounds may be useful in the search of new potent antimicrobial agents. Herein, it is described the synthesis of protected (acetylated) glucuronide derivatives of p-hydroxybenzoic and cinnamic acids, two compounds identified in the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. Their antimicrobial and demelanizing activities were evaluated and compared ...

An integrated process of catalytic composite membranes (CCMs) and sodium methoxide was developed to produce biodiesel from waste chicken fat. The free fatty acids (FFAs) in the chicken oil were converted to methyl esters by esterification with methanol using a novel sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES)/PES/non-woven fabric (NWF) CCMs in a flow-through ...

Structured lipid (SL) enriched with arachidonic (ARA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids was produced from tripalmitin using Lipozyme TLIM. The effects of acyl donor, that is, free fatty acids vs. fatty acid ethyl esters on the reactions were compared. The highest total incorporation of ARA and DHA was obtained when the ...

Human asparaginase 3 (hASNase3), which belongs to the N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase superfamily, is synthesized as a single polypeptide that is devoid of asparaginase activity. Intramolecular autoproteolytic processing releases the amino group of Thr168, a moiety required for catalyzing asparagine hydrolysis. Recombinant hASNase3 purifies as the uncleaved, asparaginase-inactive form and undergoes ...

Folic acid is an essential vitamin required for de-novo biosynthesis of nucleotides and amino acids. The proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT; SLC46A1) has been identified as the major contributor for intestinal folate uptake. It is also involved in folate transport across the blood brain barrier and into solid tumors. PCFT belongs ...

Elucidation of the carbohydrate backbone structure of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Piscirickettsia salmonis, the etiological agent of the salmonid rickettsial septicemia, is described. Structural information was established by a combination of monosaccharide and methylation analyses of LPS, and by NMR and mass spectrometries of oligosaccharides obtained through the use of ...

BACKGROUND: Unlike the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) arachidonic acid (AA), n-3-PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) appear to have beneficial effects on inflammation, thrombosis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examined possible alterations in serum PUFA profiles in patients on maintenance hemodialysis therapy and its association ...

Chemical investigations of the aerial parts of the Australian plant Eremophila microtheca resulted in the isolation of three serrulatane diterpenoids, 3-acetoxy-7,8-dihydroxyserrulat-14-en-19-oic acid (1), 3,7,8-trihydroxyserrulat-14-en-19-oic acid (2) and 3,19-diacetoxy-8-hydroxyserrulat-14-ene (3) as well as the previously reported compounds verbascoside (4) and jaceosidin (5). Acetylation and methylation of the major serrulatane diterpenoid 2 ...

Nutritional and antioxidant properties of pumpkin meal and their hydrolysates prepared by hydrolysis with alcalase, flavourzyme, protamex or neutrase were evaluated. The hydrolysis process significantly increased protein content from 67.07% to 92.22%. All the essential amino acids met the Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations/World Health Organization (WHO/FAO) suggested ...

Geotrichum candidum ATCC 204307 was previously found to generate phenyllactic acid (PLA) and indolelactic acid (ILA) in complex culture media. In this study, a relationship between concentrations of PLA, ILA, hydroxy-PLA (OH-PLA) and initial concentrations of phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine, added respectively as unique sources of nitrogen in synthetic medium, ...

A new type of polymethacrylate based monolithic column with chiral stationary phase was prepared for the enantioseparation of aromatic amino acids, namely D,L-phenylalanine, D,L-tyrosine and D,L-tryptophan by capillary electrochromatography (CEC). The monolithic column was prepared by in-situ polymerization of butyl methacrylate (BMA), N-methacryloyl-L-histidine methyl ester (MAH) and ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) ...

The compositional changes of saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes (SARA) fractions in aqueous clay/oil microcosm experiments with a hydrocarbon-degrading microorganism community were analysed using Iatroscan. The clay mineral samples used in this study were organomontmorillonite, acid-activated montmorillonite and K, Ca, Zn and Cr montmorillonites produced by modifying the original montmorillonite ...

Some like it hot: Lactic acid is an important commodity chemical that is mainly used in the food industry or for the manufacture of biodegradable plastics. A highly efficient strategy for the conversion of carbohydrates from biomass to lactic acid through alkaline hydrolysis in superheated water is presented.

Squaric acid, a 2-dimensional planar structure of squarate C4O4 units linked by protons in a layered sheet, was utilized for the first time as a catalytic substrate for ultrasensitive electronic determination of low-abundance proteins by coupling a target-induced electrocatalytic reaction with the in situ cycling signal amplification strategy.

A natural heparin-like compound isolated from the crab Goniopsis cruentata was structurally characterized and its anticoagulant and hemorrhagic activities were determined. Enzymatic and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed that its structure is rich in disulfated disaccharides, possessing significant amounts of 2-O-sulfated-β-d-glucuronic acid units. Furthermore, low amounts of trisulfated disaccharide units ...

This study compared formation and degradation behaviors of organic acids in landfill leachate under microwave oxidation process (MOP) and under conventional heating oxidation (CHO) and explored derivative mechanisms of organic acids in MOP. The results showed that formation and degradation behaviors of oxalic acid were very similar under CHO and ...

In the last few years the need to produce food with added value has fuelled the search for new ingredients and health-promoting compounds. In particular, to improve the quality of bakery products with distinct nutritional properties, the identification of new raw materials, appropriate technologies and specific microbial strains are necessary. ...

Very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids are important to the physiology of many microorganisms and metazoans, and are vital to human development and health. The production of these and related fatty acids depends on Δ6 desaturases, the final components of an electron transfer chain ...

Nutrient Amino acid Transporters (NATs) of SoLute Carrier family 6 (SLC6) mediate uptake of essential amino acids in mammals and insects. Phylogenomic analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans (Ce) SLC6 family identifies 5 genes paralogous to an insect-specific NAT subfamily. Here we cloned and characterized the first representative of the identified ...

The O-polysaccharide was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Litorimonas taeanensis G5(T) and studied by chemical methods along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, including (1)H, (1)H COSY, 1D and 2D TOCSY, NOESY, (1)H, (13)C HSQC, HMBC, and H2BC experiments. The following new structure of the O-polysaccharide of L. taeanensis G5(T) ...

New series of thiourea derivatives incorporating a hippuric acid moiety have been synthesized through the reaction of 4-hippuric acid isothiocyanate with various nitrogen nucleophiles such as aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, sulfa drugs, aminopyrazoles, phenylhydrazine and hydrazides. The synthesized compounds were tested against bacterial and fungal strains. Most of compounds, such ...

A traditional sweet dessert wine from Saracena (Italy), made with nonmacerated local white grapes (Guarnaccia, Malvasia and Moscato), was analyzed for phenolics and aroma profile and antioxidant activities. The most abundant classes of phenols identified by high-performance liquid chromatography were hydroxybenzoic acids and flavan-3-ols, where gallic acid showed the highest ...

The first planar chiral ferrocenylborenium species (pR)- is obtained in the enantiopure form by halide abstraction from the corresponding chloroborane adduct (pR)- using Krossing's salt. Competition experiments suggest that the Lewis acidity of (pR)- is higher than that of B(C6F5)3 towards anions and slightly lower towards neutral Lewis bases. The ...

Herein we report the synthesis of N-acetyl neuraminic acid derivatives as 4-methylumbelliferyl glycosides and their use in fluorometrically quantifying human and bacterial sialidase activity and substrate specificities. We found that sialidases in the human promyelocytic leukemic cell line HL60 were able to cleave sialic acid substrates with fluorinated C-5 modifications, ...

The objective of this study was to use glycerol generated from the synthesis of biodiesel to study the oleaginous potential of wild yeasts. An initial selection was performed via a rapid and qualitative technique by staining with Sudan Black B. Initially 129 yeasts were present, from which 5 were selected ...

We report electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid using monometallic and bimetallic dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles (DENs). The results indicate that the Au147@Pt DENs exhibit better electrocatalytic activity and low CO formation. Theoretical calculations attribute the observed activity to the deformation of nanoparticle structure, slow dehydration of formic acid, and weak binding of ...

The properties of AA-Y(-) anions (where AA = cysteine, aspartic acid, lysine; Y = BF3, PF5) were investigated at the ab initio Outer Valence Green's Function (OVGF)∕6-311++G(3df,3pd)∕∕MP2∕6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. It is shown that introducing a superhalogen-like substituent to an amino acid (i.e., Cys, Asp, and Lys) results in obtaining ...

Other than in children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the connection between ADHD and lipids has not been sufficiently investigated so far in adults. Blood serum lipoproteins and fatty acids (FA) composition were measured and analyzed by colorimetry and gaschromatography in eight male and seven female adults diagnosed ...

Depending on the solubilizing milieu and conditions, fluorescein may exist in one or more of its many prototropic forms [cationic, neutral (zwitterionic, quinoid, and lactone), monoanionic (phenolate and carboxylate), and dianionic]. Fluorescein prototropism is investigated in liquid polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of different average molecular weight (MW) and their aqueous mixtures ...

The open reading frame of dsrE563, a dextransucrase gene obtained from a constitutive mutant (CB4-BF563) of Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-1299, consists of 8,511 bp encoding 2,836 amino acid residues. DsrE563 contains two catalytic domains (CD1 and CD2). Two truncated derivative mutants DsrE563ΔCD2ΔGBD (DsrE563-1) and DsrE563ΔCD2ΔVR (DsrE563-2) of DsrE563 were constructed and expressed ...

A series of carboxylic acids including amino acids were protected as their corresponding fluorescent ester conjugates by coupling with an environment sensitive fluorophore 9-methylacridine. Photophysical properties of all the ester conjugates along with the protecting group have been investigated. Interestingly, the emission properties of the ester conjugates and 9-methylacridine were ...

Water-soluble CuInS2 ternary quantum dots (QDs) capped by mercaptopropionic acid were directly synthesized in aqueous solution. Consequently, the CuInS2 QDs were covalently linked to 3-aminophenyl boronic acid molecules to form the 3-aminophenyl boronic acid-functionalized CuInS2 QDs (F-CuInS2 QDs). The F-CuInS2 QDs had a fairly symmetric fluorescence emission centered at 736nm ...

Transporters for vitamin C and its oxidized form dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) are crucial to maintain physiological concentrations of this important vitamin that is used in a variety of biochemical processes. The human SLC23 family consists of the Na(+)-dependent vitamin C transporters SVCT1 (encoded by the SLC23A1 gene) and SVCT2 (SLC23A2) ...

Two trials were conducted to determine the amino acid and protein requirements of broiler breeders at peak production. In trial 1, 32-wk-old Cobb 500 broiler breeders with similar BW were selected to determine the digestible amino acid requirement for daily product output (g of egg mass + g of BW ...

Ovotransferrin is one of the major egg white proteins that have antimicrobial activity as well as iron binding capability. The objective of this study was to develop a simple and easy method to separate ovotransferrin without using organic solvents. Egg white was separated from yolk, added in a 1:1 ratio ...

The green alga Botryococcus braunii is regarded as a potential source of renewable fuel due to its high lipid and hydrocarbon contents. However, the slow growth rate damaged its feasibility for biofuel production. In this study, a novel method of 'attached cultivation' was introduced to incubate B. braunii FACHB 357 ...

This article highlights recent methodological developments in the on-line concentration and separation of amino acids and their enantiomers using capillary electrophoresis. Sections are dedicated to recent contributions to on-line concentration strategies such as field-amplified sample stacking, large-volume sample stacking, dynamic pH junction, transient isotachophoresis, sweeping, and the combination of two ...

An injectable hydrogel via hydrazone crosslinking was prepared under mild conditions without addition of crosslinker or catalyst. Hydrazine and aldehyde modified poly(aspartic acid) were used as two gel precursors. Both of them are water-soluble and biodegradable polymers with a protein-like structure, and obtained by aminolysis reaction of polysuccinimide. The latter ...

The dose-responsiveness of plasma oxylipins to incremental dietary intake of arachidonic (20:4n-6; ARA) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3; DHA) acid was determined in piglets. Piglets randomly received one of six formulas (n=8 per group) from day 3 to 27 postnatally. Diets contained incremental ARA or incremental DHA levels as follows (% fatty ...

Use of potato processing wastewater for microbial lipid production by oleaginous filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae was studied with the purpose of recycling potato processing wastewater for biodiesel production. The wastewater contained high concentrations of solids, starch and nutrients. Sterilization of the potato processing wastewater resulted in a thick gelatinized medium, ...