Benzoylformic acid was synthesized from the hydrolysis of benzoyl cyanide by a newly isolated Rhodococcus sp. CCZU10-1. In this study, an aqueous-toluene biphasic system was developed for highly efficient production of benzoylformic acid from the hydrolysis of benzoyl cyanide. In the aqueous-toluene biphasic system, the phase volume ratio, buffer pH ...

In the present work, single and mixed cereal substrates were fermented with lactic acid bacteria to study and compare the effect of the media formulation on fermentation parameters. Three cereal flours namely malt, barley and barley mixed with malt (barley-malt) were selected and fermented with two probiotic strains: Lactobacillus plantarum ...

2,5-Dihydrophenylalanine (H(2)Phe) is a multipotent nonproteinogenic amino acid produced by various Actinobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. Although the metabolite was discovered over 40 years ago, details of its biosynthesis have remained largely unknown. We show here that L-H(2)Phe is a secreted metabolite in Photorhabdus luminescens cultures and a precursor of a recently ...

BACKGROUND: Phycobiliproteins are coloured proteins produced by cyanobacteria, which have several applications because of their colour properties. However, there is no available information about the colour stability of phycobiliproteins from Nostoc sp. in food systems. The aim of this work was to study the colour stability of a purple-coloured phycobiliprotein-rich ...

Three 6-phosphoryl picolinic acid (6PPA) derivatives were synthesized and used as europium and terbium sensitizers. Two of the three ligands (6-diethoxyphosphoryl picolinic acid (Hdeppa) and 6-monoethoxyphosphoryl picolinic acid (H(2)meppa)) are water-soluble, once complexed to lanthanide ions, while the third (6-dihydroxyphosphoryl picolinic acid (H(3)dhppa)) forms a precipitate. The stability constants of ...

An efficient process for the production of fuel ethanol from bamboo that consisted of hydrolysis with concentrated sulfuric acid, removal of color compounds, separation of acid and sugar, hydrolysis of oligosaccharides and subsequent continuous ethanol fermentation was developed. The highest sugar recovery efficiency was 81.6% when concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolysis ...

The aim of this work was to study the feasibility of using sugarcane tops as feedstock for the production of bioethanol. The process involved the pretreatment using acid followed by enzymatic saccharification using cellulases and the process was optimized for various parameters such as biomass loading, enzyme loading, surfactant concentration ...

Combining an amino acid and a sugar is a known strategy in the formulation of spray or freeze dried biomolecule powder formulations. The effect of the amino acid leucine in enhancing performance of spray-dried dry powders has been previously demonstrated, but interaction effects of several constituents which may provide multiple ...

Sourdoughs are complex ecosystems which are widely used to produce baked goods. This study aimed to provide a dynamic description of an industrial French sourdough ecosystem over 10 consecutive days. The sourdough was obtained from a natural fermentation that has been propagated over several years by the traditional backslopping method. ...

Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755 is an anaerobic, rod-shaped, gram-positive bacterium that produces butyrate, acetate, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide from various saccharides, including glucose and xylose. Phosphotransbutyrylase (PTB) is a key enzyme in the butyric acid synthesis pathway. In this work, effects of ptb knockout by homologous recombination on metabolic flux ...

Alteration of lysosome acidity has been implicated in many biological events ranging from apoptosis to cancer metastasis, etc. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles doped with acid activable rhodamine-lactam and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) were developed for ratiometric sensing of lysosomal pH changes in live cells with flow cytometry.

Tubuylsins are extremely potent cytotoxic agents which inhibit tubulin polymerization and lead to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Tubulysins have been isolated from fermentation mixtures and have been chemically synthesized; however, these efforts have been hampered by poor yields and arduous purifications. In contrast, treatment of a mixture of natural ...

Traditional fermentations of the local Ecuadorian cocoa type Nacional with its fine flavor are carried out in boxes and on platforms during short time. A multiphasic approach, encompassing culture-dependent and -independent microbiological analysis of fermenting cocoa pulp-bean samples, metabolite target analyses of both cocoa pulp and beans, and sensory analysis ...

Understanding protein-protein interactions that occur between ACP and KS domains of polyketide synthases and fatty acid synthases is critical to improving the scope and efficiency of combinatorial biosynthesis efforts aimed at producing non-natural polyketides. Here, we report a facile strategy for rapidly reporting such ACP-KS interactions based on the incorporation ...

The microbial structure and kinetic characteristics of the hydrogen producing strains in two fermentative continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs) were studied by controlling pH and oxidation and reduction potential (ORP). The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) tests were conducted to investigate the fermentative performance of Clostridium histolyticum (C. histolyticum), Clostridium lituseburense ...

In this work, in vitro fermentation of alternansucrase raffinose derived oligosaccharides, previously fractionated according to their degree of polymerization (DP; from DP4 to DP10) was carried out using small-scale pH-controlled batch cultures at 37 ºC under anaerobic conditions with human feces. Bifidogenic activity of oligosaccharides with DP4-6 similar to that ...

This study evaluated the influences of inoculum-substrate ratio (ISR), volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, the reduced form (NADH) on hydrogen production during the anaerobic fermentation of Chlorella sp. in batch tests at 35°C. The results indicated that the hydrogen concentration and lag time increased when ISR decreased, ...

Countercurrent fermentation is a high performing process design for mixed-acid fermentation. However, there are high operating costs associated with moving solids, which is an integral component of this configuration. This study investigated the effect of volatile solid loading rate (VSLR) and agitation in propagated fixed-bed fermentation, a configuration which may ...

In this study, hydrolysis of marine algal biomass Kappaphhycus alvarezii using two different acid catalysts was examined with the goal of identifying optimal reaction conditions for the formation of sugars and by-products. K. alvarezii were hydrolyzed by autoclave using sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid as catalyst with different acid concentrations ...

Fermentation properties and prebiotic potential of novel low molecular weight polysaccharides (LMWPs) derived from agar and alginate bearing seaweeds was investigated. Ten LMWPs were supplemented to pH, temperature controlled anaerobic batch cultures inoculated with human feces from three donors, in triplicate. Microbiota changes were monitored using Fluorescent in-situ hybridization and ...

The production of enzymes such as tannases and phytases by solid-state fermentation and their use in animal feed have become a subject of great interest. In the present work, Paecilomyces variotii was used to produce tannase and phytase simultaneously. Solid-state fermentation, a process initially designed for tannase production, was implemented ...

Red seaweed, Kappaphycus alvarezii, holds great promise for use in biofuel production due to its high carbohydrate content. In this study, we investigated the effect of fermentation inhibitors to the K. alvarezii hydrolysate on cell growth and ethanol fermentation. In addition, detoxification of fermentation inhibitors was performed to decrease the ...

The inhibitory effect of the main inhibitors (acetic acid, furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural) formed during steam explosion of wheat straw was studied through ethanol fermentations of model substrates and hydrolysates from wheat straw by Pichia stipitis. Experimental results showed that an increase in acetic acid concentration led to a reduction in ...

In this study we evaluated the effect of chitosan nanoparticles on the acid tolerance response (ATR) of adhered Streptococcus mutans. An ATR was induced by exposing S. mutans to pH 5.5 for 2 h and confirmed by exposing the acid-adapted cells to pH 3.5 for 30 min, with the majority ...

A method for the determination of fatty acids in vegetable oils by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV-Vis detection has been developed. The separation of fatty acids was optimized in terms of Brij surfactant nature and concentration, and organic modifier (2-propanol) percentage. The optimal background electrolyte consisted of a 10 mM ...

In the current context of global warming, the substitution of conventional plastics with bioplastics is a challenge. To take it up we must meet technical and financial requirements. In the case of PHBV, technical properties' modulation can be acquired via 3-hydroxyvalerate content modification. Yet 3-hydroxyvalerate enhancement is an issue; simultaneous ...

BACKGROUNDThe pharmacokinetics of vaginal misoprostol as a dry tablet or as a tablet moistened with normal saline or with acetic acid were studied.METHODSFor this study, 42 women requesting termination of pregnancy at gestational age of <12 weeks were recruited and received 400 µg vaginal misoprostol tablets. They were randomized into ...

In the two-step fermentative production of vitamin C, its precursor 2-keto-l-gulonic acid (2-KLG) was synthesized by Ketogulonicigenium vulgare through co-culture with Bacillus megaterium. The reconstruction of the amino acid metabolic pathway through completed genome sequence annotation demonstrated that K. vulgare was deficient in one or more key enzymes in the ...

Corynebacterium glutamicum is known as a host species for amino acid production. This microorganism was recently noticed as a host that produces secreted proteins. In this study, we performed (13)C metabolic flux analysis ((13)C-MFA) on a recombinant C. glutamicum strain that secretes a heterologous transglutaminase (TGase) to improve TGase secretion. ...

(R)-(+)-N-Methylbenzoguanidine ((R)-NMBG) was found to function as an efficient acyl-transfer catalyst for the kinetic resolution of racemic secondary benzylic alcohols in the presence of achiral carboxylic acids and pivalic anhydride. The use of a tertiary amine in this reaction is not necessary to attain good chemical yields of the products. ...

Pathways of docosahexaenoic (DHA) biohydrogenation are not known; however, DHA is metabolized by ruminal microorganisms. The addition of DHA to the rumen alters the fatty acid profile of the rumen and milk and leads to increased trans-18:1 isomers, particularly trans-11 18:1. This study included 2 in vitro experiments to identify ...

Characterization of traditional cheeses is important for the protection of diversity of tradition and contributing baseline data for further research and quality control. Sepet cheese is a traditional cheese and specific to the Aegean region of Turkey. In this study, 52 Sepet cheese samples were analyzed to characterize the physicochemical, ...

NMR-monitored pH titration curves of proteins provide a rich source of structural and electrostatic information. Although relatively straightforward to measure, interpreting pH-dependent chemical shift changes to obtain site-specific acid dissociation constants (pK (A) values) is challenging. In order to analyze the biphasic titrations exhibited by the side chain (13)C(γ) nuclei ...

The technique of 24-hour esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance monitoring combined with pH-metry (MII-pH) is currently considered to be the golden standard in the diagnostics of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The technique allows for differentiation of gas and liquid reflux as well as detection of non-acid reflux, which cannot be detected ...

The following on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and chemoprevention in relation to Barrett's esophagus includes commentaries on 48-h pH monitoring, pH-impedence, bile acid testing, dyspepsia, long/short segment Barrett's esophagus, nonerosive reflux disease (NERD), functional heartburn, dual-release delivery PPIs, immediate-release PPIs, long-term PPI use, prokinetic agents, obesity, baclofen, nocturnal acid breakthrough, ...

The objective of the current report is process optimization for economical production of lipids by the well known oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus and conversion of the lipids to biodiesel. A high cell density fed-batch cultivation on low cost substrate viz. crude glycerol resulted in a dry biomass and oil yield ...

One major problem in the lipase-catalyzed production of biodiesel or fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) is the high acidity of the product, mainly caused by water presence, which produces parallel hydrolysis and esterification reactions instead of transesterification to FAME. Therefore, the use of reaction medium in absence of water (anhydrous ...

A chemical study of the red type of the seeds of Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter (Poaceae) led to the isolation of seven compounds from its ethanol extract, namely β-sitosterol (1), β-amyrin-3-O-(2'-acetyl(glucoside (2), β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (3), naringenin (4), naringenin-4'-methoxy-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside (5), eriodictyol-3',7-dimethoxy-4'-O-β-D-glucoside (6) and isorhamnetin-3-O-rhamnoglucoside (7), which are reported for the first time ...

Malolactic fermentation (MLF) is the bacterially driven decarboxylation of L: -malic acid to L: -lactic acid and carbon dioxide, and brings about deacidification, flavour modification and microbial stability of wine. The main objective of MLF is to decrease wine sourness by a small increase in wine pH via the metabolism ...

A novel amperometric sensor for the determination of uric acid was fabricated using room temperature ionic liquid and nickel hexacyanoferrate nanoparticle composite which was immobilized on paraffin wax impregnated graphite electrode. The nickel hexacyanoferrate nanoparticle was characterized by UV-vis, X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical behavior ...

The specificities of carboxypeptidases from Actinomucor elegans were investigated by determining enzymatic activities at pH 7.0 and pH 4.0 with 16 Z-dipeptides and three Z-tripeptides as substrates. The debittering effect was evaluated and the free amino acid compositions of the soybean protein hydrolysates were analyzed before and after treatment with A. elegans ...

The high price of petroleum-based diesel fuel has led to the development of alternative fuels, such as ethanol. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was metabolically engineered to utilize glycerol as a substrate for ethanol production. For the synthesis of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) by engineered S. cerevisiae that utilize glycerol as substrate, ...

CdTe quantum dots (QDs) were prepared in an aqueous solution using various mercaptocarboxylic acids, such as 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and thioglycolic acid (TGA), as stabilizing agents. The experimental result indicated that these stabilizing agents played an important role for the properties of the QDs. Although both TGA and MPA-capped CdTe ...

Lactic acid produced by fermentation process mostly contains a number of aliphatic carboxylic acids as impurities. In this work, carboxylic acid impurities in lactic acid samples from a number of sources were determined at ppm levels. A simple HPLC method was developed that utilized a new generation polar embedded reverse ...

ABSTRACT: Upon the addition of protons to an aqueous solution, a component of the H+ load will be bound i.e. buffered. In an aqueous solution containing a triprotic acid, H+ can be bound to three different states of the acid as well as to OH- ions that are derived from ...

This study provides a qualitative comparison of blackcurrant and blackcurrant-whey beverages over a 12-month storage period. The amount of extract in the beverages was established as 12%, of which 25% was blackcurrant concentrate. Acid whey was used for the production of blackcurrant-whey beverages. In comparison to blackcurrant-whey beverages, blackcurrant beverages ...

A simple synthesis pathway has been developed for the design of hierarchically structured spongy or spherical voids assembled meso-macroporous aluminosilicates with high tetrahedral aluminium content on the basis of the aqueous polymerisation of new stabilized alkoxy-bridged single molecular precursors. The intimate mixing of an aluminosilicate ester (sec-BuO)(2)-Al-O-Si(OEt)(3) and a silica ...

Our previous study showed β-glucan with low molecular weight (MW, 1.56 × 10⁵ g/mol) bound more bile acid and produced greater amounts of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) than did -glucan with high MW (Mn = 6.87 × 10⁵ g/mol). In the current study, β-glucan extracted from oat flour was fractionated ...

Stearidonic acid soybean oil (SDASO) is a plant source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). Solvent-free enzymatic interesterification was used to produce structured lipids (SLs) in a 1 L stir-batch reactor with a 1:2 substrate mole ratio of SDASO to tripalmitin, at 65^oC for 18 h. Two SLs were ...

The effects of temperature, agitation rate and medium composition, including concentrations of glucose, soybean peptone, and inorganic ions, on pellet formation and pellet diameter of Rhizopus delemar (Rhizopus oryzae) NRRL1526 during pre-culture were studied. Inorganic ions and soybean peptone had negative and positive effects on pellet formation, respectively. The initial ...