We demonstrate the assembly of extremely robust and pH-responsive thin shell LbL microcapsules from silk fibroin counterparts modified with poly(lysine) and poly(glutamic) acid which are based on biocompatible silk ionomer materials in contrast to usually exploited synthetic polyelectrolytes. The microcapsules are extremely stable in the unusually wide pH range from ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Fatty acids (FAs) are important as raw materials for the biotechnology industry. Existing methods of FAs production are based on chemical methods. In this study potassium hydroxide (KOH)-catalyzed reactions were utilized to hydrolysis Jatropha curcas seed oil. RESULTS: The parameters effect of ethanolic KOH concentration, reaction temperature, and ...

In the present study, sufu, a soft cheese-like oriental fermented food, was prepared by ripening the salted-tofu cubes in Aspergillus oryzae-fermented soybean-rice koji at 37°C for 16days (16-day sufu). Sufu was further held at room temperature for another 30days (46-day sufu). The volatile components of the non-fermented tofu cubes and ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Phospholipase D (PLD) belongs to a lipolytic enzyme subclass which catalyzes the hydrolysis and transesterification of glycerophospholipids at the terminal phosphodiester bond. RESULTS: In this work, we have studied the substrate specificity of PLDs from germinating sunflower seeds and cultured-soybean cells, using their capacity of transphosphatidylation. In the ...

Substantial evidence describes the protective effects of marine-derived omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on cardiovascular diseases as well as many other conditions. Numerous fatty acid preparations are marketed for supplementing the Western diet, which is low in n-3 fats. Since these preparations may vary in their n-3 PUFA content, ...

Biotechnologically produced succinic acid has the potential to displace maleic acid and its uses. Therefore, it is of high interest for the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industry.In addition to optimized production strains and fermentation processes, an efficient separation of succinic acid from the aqueous fermentation broth is indispensable to compete ...

Four commercially-available fruit smoothie drinks were assessed for both initial/baseline pH and titratable acidity. A commercially-available smooth orange juice drink was used as a positive control. Baseline pH and titratable acidity were measured by titrating each fruit smoothie with 0.5 mL increments of 1M sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and measuring the ...

  The aim of this work was to study the influence of nitrogen compounds on the formation of volatile compounds during the alcoholic fermentation carried out with 4 nonaromatic grape varieties collected at 2 different maturation stages. To do this, Monastrell, Merlot, Syrah, and Petit Verdot grapes were collected 1 ...

Continuous in situ generation of phosgene and its use in acid chloride formation in a microflow system were demonstrated. The acid chloride was subsequently coupled with an amine in high yield without severe epimerization.

Ethanol alters the function of several members of the Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel superfamily (LGIC). Recent studies have shown that the sensitivity of the α1 glycine receptor (GlyR) to ethanol can be affected by the state of G protein activation mediated by interaction of Gβγ with intracellular amino acids in ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Succinic acid is a building-block chemical which could be used as the precursor of many industrial products. The dissolved CO2 concentration in the fermentation broth could strongly regulate the metabolic flux of carbon and the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase, which are the important committed steps for the ...

In vitro batch incubations were used to study the rumen biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids. An earlier study using increasing supplementation levels of stearidonic acid (18:4n-3), revealed that the rumen microbial population extensively biohydrogenates 18:4n-3 after 72 h of in vitro incubation, though several intermediates formed were not completely characterized. Therefore, ...

Misgurin is an antimicrobial peptide from the loach, while the hydrophobic-polar (HP) model is a way to study the folding conformations and native states in peptide and protein although several amino acids cannot be classified either hydrophobic or polar. Practically, the HP model requires extremely intensive computations, thus it has ...

The β-mannanase gene, man5C1, was cloned from Penicillium pinophilum C1, a strain isolated from the acidic wastewater of a tin mine in Yunnan, China, and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The sequence analysis displayed the gene consists of a 1221-bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 406 amino acids (Man5C1). ...

Effects of Ca(OH)(2), NH(4)OH, and NaOH as neutralizing agents for efficient recovery of lactic acid was investigated. Lactic acid was produced from broken rice in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process with Lactobacillus delbrueckii. Consumption of glucose (from broken rice) by the cells and the cell growth were the ...

In this study, the effects of pH, bromide and nitrite on the formation of halonitromethanes (HNMs) and trihalomethanes (THMs) from eight amino acids (glycine, alanine, serine, cysteine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine and histidine) and four amino sugars (glucosamine, galactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid) were examined for chlorination and ozonation ...

HdeA protein is a small, ATP-independent, acid stress chaperone that undergoes a dimer- to-monomer transition in acidic environments. The HdeA monomer binds a broad range of proteins to prevent their acid-induced aggregation. To understand better HdeA's function and mechanism, we perform constant-pH molecular dynamics simulations (CPHMD) to elucidate the details ...

The present work deals with the optimization of cellular disruption and sugar extraction from the microalgae Scenedesmusobliquus (Sc) for bioethanol production. Among the physical and physicochemical methods tested, the best results were obtained with acid hydrolysis by H(2)SO(4) (2N), at 120°C for 30min and using dried biomass. The sugar extraction ...

The synthesis and characterization of organic-inorganic hybrid materials that selectively capture sugars from model biomass hydrolysis mixtures are reported. 3-Aminophenylboronic acid (PBA) groups that can reversibly form cyclic esters with 1,2-diols and 1,3-diols including sugars are attached to mesoporous SBA-15 via different synthetic protocols. In the first route, a coupling ...

A new type of in situ product removal (ISPR) technique of expanded bed adsorption (EBA) bioreactor was studied to simultaneously produce extracellular propionic acid and intracellular vitamin B12 by Propionibacterium freudenreichii CICC 10019. Resin screening experiments showed that the ZGA330 resin have the best biocompatibility and highest adsorption for propionic ...

The effects of (14)C-labelled precursor feeding on the production of cyclic hexadepsipeptides were investigated by the mycelium of F. oxysporum KFCC11363P producing beauvericin along with enniatins H, I, and MK1688. Most (14)C-phenylalanine and (14)C-valine were incorporated easily into the biosynthetic pathway of (14)C-labelled beauvericin in vivo by the mycelium. However, ...

Dietary supplementation of stearidonic acid (SDA; 18:4n-3) has been considered to be a possible strategy to increase n-3 unsaturated fatty acid content in ruminant products, however little is known about its metabolism in the rumen. In vitro batch incubations were carried out with bovine ruminal digesta to investigate the metabolism ...

PURPOSE: The use of recombinant human interleukin (rhIL)-15 as a potential therapeutic immune modulator and anticancer agent requires pure, stable preparations. However, purified rhIL-15 preparations readily accumulated heterogeneities. We sought to improve rhIL-15 stability through process, formulation, and targeted amino acid changes. METHODS: The solution state of rhIL-15 versus buffer ...

Alginate is a natural acidic linear polysaccharide that is produced by brown seaweeds. It is currently used in a broad range of commercial enterprises, such as the food and medical products industries. Recent evidence has demonstrated that alginate oligosaccharides may function as growth promoting agents for certain plant cells, including ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used clinically in Europe and in Japan for the treatment of multi-resistant Gram-positive infections. It is produced by fermenting Actinoplanes teichomyceticus. The pharmaceutically active principle is teicoplanin A2, a complex of compounds designated T-A2-1/A2-2/A2-3/A2-4 and A2-5 differing in the length and branching of ...

BACKGROUND: Quinoa is a good source of protein and can be used as a nutritional ingredient in food products. This study analyses how much growing region and/or seasonal climate might affect grain yield and nutritional quality of quinoa seeds. RESULTS: Seeds of ten quinoa cultivars from the Andean highlands (Bolivia/Argentina ...

Formic acid is a highly energetic electron donor but it has previously resulted in low power densities in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Three different set anode potentials (-0.30, -0.15, and +0.15 V; vs a standard hydrogen electrode, SHE) were used to evaluate syntrophic interactions in bacterial communities for formic acid degradation ...

A neutralizing agent combination strategy was developed to enhance the succinic acid production by Actinobacillus succinogenes ATCC 55618. First, a maximal succinic acid production of 48.2 g/L was obtained at a culture pH of 7.5. Second, NaOH and KOH were screened to identify the optimal neutralizing agent for pH control. However, ...

A chitosan-glutaraldehyde crosslinked uricase was immobilized onto Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) absorbed onto carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube (c-MWCNT) and polyaniline (PANI) layer, electrochemically deposited on the surface of Au electrode. The nanohybrid-uricase electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopic (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and cyclic voltammetry. An amperometric ...

The pH value is a fundamental datum to be monitored during marination. A method is proposed for calculating the evolution of pH of turkey meat cubes during marination in an acetic acid solution. It is based on measurement of the buffering capacity by acidification using a strong acid. A calculation ...

A short and effective synthesis of ethyl 3-(3-aminophenyl)propanoate is presented, employing a tandem Knoevenagel condensation/alkylidene reduction of 3-nitrobenzaldehyde with Meldrum's acid in TEAF (triethylammonium formate) followed by reduction of the intermediate 3-(3-nitrophenyl)propanoic acid by stannous chloride in ethanol. The use of stannous chloride as the reducing agent in ethanol enabled ...

As energy and environment have become urgent issues, there has been increasing needs to develop alternative energy source, such as microalgal bio-fuel. In this study, we investigated the growth and lipid contents of microalgae Nannochloris oculata under various environmental conditions for biodiesel production. Our results indicated that biomass productivities of ...

The effects of exposure concentration on the bioaccumulation of four perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs): perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluoroocanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), was investigated using green mussels, Perna viridis. Mussels were exposed to concentrations of 1 μgL(-1) and 10 μgL(-1) of each PFC for 56 days, and ...

BACKGROUND: C. asiatica was exposed to various fermentations: no fermentation (0 min), partial fermentation (120 min) and full fermentation (24 h). Total phenolic content (TPC) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of C. asiatica infusions were studied as a function of water temperature (60, 80 or 100 °C), the brewing stage ...

An investigation by Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis (AEDA) of the aroma concentrate of soy milk made from a major Japanese soybean cultivar, Fukuyutaka (FK), revealed 20 key aroma compounds as Flavor Dilution (FD) factors of not less than 43. Among them, 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, cis-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal, trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal, 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone, and 2'-aminoacetophenone were identified as ...

In order to elucidate the roles of ethanol fermentation metabolism in causing off-flavors, we exposed 'Mor' mandarins to anaerobic atmospheres for 0, 2, 4, 7 and 10 days, to gradually increase juice ethanol and acetaldehyde levels through enhanced anaerobic respiration. Exposure to anaerobic atmosphere caused progressive decline in fruit sensory ...

The cost of biodiesel production can be reduced by a number of strategies such as utilization of waste cooking oils and non-edible plant oils as well as implementation of improved separation technologies. In addition, processes dealing with the glycerol by-product can have economic benefits. In the present study, acidification of ...

A batch test and continuous operation were performed to identify the effect of lactate on hydrogen production at pH 4.5. When the initial lactic acid concentration was increased from 0 to 8g/L in the batch test, the hydrogen yield also increased from 1.41 to 1.72mol-H(2)/mol-glucose. The system exhibited a long ...

The optimal conditions for the production of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by the marine yeast isolate Pichia anomala MR-1 strain appeared to be completely different from those required for growth and biomass production of the yeast strain. By proper reaction temperatures and pH levels, the efficiency of GABA production was improved ...

The feasibility of using crude glycerol to liquefy soybean straw for the production of biopolyols and polyurethane (PU) foams was investigated in this study. Liquefaction conditions of 240°C, >180min, 3% sulfuric acid loading, and 10-15% biomass loading were preferred for the production of biopolyols with promising material properties. Biopolyols produced ...

The oriented strand board (OSB) biorefinery is an emerging technology that could improve the building, transportation and chemical sectors' environmental profile. By adding a hot water extraction stage to conventional OSB panel manufacturing, hemicellulose polysaccharides can be extracted from wood strands and converted to renewably sourced ethanol and acetic acid. ...

Accurate knowledge of true digestible amino acid (TDAA) contents of feedstuffs is necessary to accurately formulate poultry diets for profitable production. Several experimental approaches that are highly expensive and time consuming have been used to determine available amino acids. Prediction of the nutritive value of a feed ingredient from its ...

The production of fermentable substrates from barley straw under various process conditions was studied. Pretreatment included chemical pretreatment with dilute-acid followed by enzymatic hydrolysis; the pretreatment conditions were expressed in a combined severity factor, CS, which ranged in the present study from -1.6 to 1.1. Considering the production of fermentable ...

The fermentation of reducing sugars from hardwood (eucalypt) spent sulphite liquor (HSSL) into ethanol by Pichia (Scheffersomyces) stipitis is hindered by concomitant inhibitors of microbial metabolism. The conditions for the HSSL biological treatment step by Paecilomyces variotii were evaluated and optimised. Two different strategies of reactor operation were compared using ...

Aqua feeds should be formulated to provide complete and balanced nutrition to achieve optimal health and growth in fish, including adequate levels of essential amino acids (EAA). There are few or no data relating to the EAA requirements for ornamental fish species, with the majority of quantitative data for these ...

1. A total of 240 Ross 308 broilers were used to investigate the effect of sodium (1·5 or 2·5 g/kg), phytate-P (0 or 3·2 g/kg), and phytase (0 or 1000 FTU/kg; 2x2x2 factorial) on endogenous amino acid flow using the enzyme-hydrolysed casein method. 2. The ingestion of phytate increased endogenous amino acid ...

Recently the lay press has claimed a hypothetical association among dairy product consumption, generation of dietary acid, and harm to human health. This theoretical association is based on the idea that the protein and phosphate in milk and dairy products make them acid-producing foods, which cause our bodies to become ...

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of the potential methane reducer fumaric acid on the fattening performance and acid-base balance of growing bulls fed two different silage types as roughage (maize and grass silage). A total of 62 fattening bulls (German Holstein breed, initial body ...

Abstract The polymerization of amino acids leading to the formation of peptides and proteins is a significant problem for the origin of life. This problem stems from the instability of amino acids and the difficulty of their oligomerization in aqueous environments, such as seafloor hydrothermal systems. We investigated the stability ...

Miraculin (MCL) is a homodimeric protein isolated from the red berries of Richadella dulcifica. MCL, although flat in taste at neutral pH, has taste-modifying activity to convert sour stimuli to sweetness. Once MCL is held on the tongue, strong sweetness is sensed over 1 h each time we taste a ...