Nostoc sphaeroides Kützing was cultivated in paddlewheel-driven raceway ponds and the growth kinetics of 1-2 mm and 3-4 mm colonies of N. sphaeroides was studied. The biomass productivities in 2.5 m(2) raceway ponds inoculated with 1-2 mm and 3-4 mm colonies were 5.2 and 0.25 g dry wt m(-2) d(-1), ...

Liquors from rice husk autohydrolysis, containing xylooligosaccharides (XOS), other saccharides, and nonsaccharide compounds, were refined by membrane processing to increase the proportion of substituted XOS in refined liquors. XOS were assayed for composition and degree of polymerization (DP) distribution and hydrolyzed with commercial enzymes for obtaining XOS with DP in ...

Salmonellatyphimurium inactivation at pH 3.0 in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) and Meat Extract (ME) was studied using stationary-phase cells grown in non-acidified BHI (pH 7.4) and ME (pH 6.6) and acidified BHI and ME at pH values of 6.4, 5.4 and 4.5 with acetic, ascorbic, citric, lactic, malic and hydrochloric ...

Flow cytometric measurements were used to investigate the toxic effect of perfluorobutanoic sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA), and perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeA) on some membrane systems of the freshwater alga species Scenedesmus obliquus. Among the test compounds, PFOS, PFDoA, and PFTeA inhibited ...

In this report, we have investigated the inhibitory action of four organic acids from Radix Isatidis on Escherichia coli growth was investigated at 37 degrees C by using a microcalorimeter. The four organic acids were: syringic acid, 2-amino-benzoic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid. In accordance with thermokinetic model, the pertaining ...

Application of 100 microM aspterric acid (AA), a pollen growth inhibitor, with different concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) results in the recovery of normal pollen development of Arabidopsis thaliana. Treatment with 100 microM AA plus 5 mM IAA significantly induced the normal seed production. Treatment with 100 microM N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid ...

Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633 produces mycosubtilin, a non-ribosomally synthesized lipopeptide of the iturin family which presents antagonistic activities toward various phytopathogens. Different homologues with fatty acid moiety varying from C15 to C17 are usually co-produced, with their biological activities increasing with the number of carbons in the fatty acid chain. In ...

The aim of this study is to develop a growth inhibitory material against some pathogenic microorganisms, using beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium species and certain types of vegetables which can be good substrates for the growth of the beneficial bacteria. At first, various vegetable juices were screened for the growth ...

Chalkbrood, a fungal disease in bees, is caused by several species of Ascosphaera. A. aggregata is a major mortality factor in populations of the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (F.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) used in commercial alfalfa seed production. Four formulated fungicides, Benlate 50 WP, Captan, Orbit, and Rovral 50 WP ...

An important advance in obstetric medicine will be the improved ability to identify pathologic states of fetal growth, determine their consequences, and implement appropriate interventions. In response to utero-placental insufficiency and under nutrition, the fetus makes physiologic, metabolic, and hormonal adaptations which influence growth, including reducing metabolic dependence on glucose ...

Two genes of temperate mycobacteriophage L5, namely, gp63 and gp64, were hypothesized to be toxic to M. smegmatis. An identical L5 gp64 ortholog (designated hlg1) was cloned from homoimmune mycobacteriophage L1 and characterized at length here. As expected, hlg1 affected the growth of M. smegmatis when overexpressed from a resident ...

The effects of fatty acid composition, two packaging methods (vacuum and 20% CO(2)/80% N(2)) and storage under refrigeration for 210 days were evaluated on a dry fermented sausage (salchichón), manufactured with raw material enriched in monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Fatty acid composition was determined on sausage mixtures and on ...

This paper demonstrates the use of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to detect microbial metabolic products on carbonate mineral surfaces. By creating an ATR-FTIR spectral database for specific organic acids using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy we were able to distinguish metabolic acids on calcite surfaces following Escherichia coli growth. ...

Spores of Bacillus subtilis spoVF strains that cannot synthesize dipicolinic acid (DPA) but take it up during sporulation were prepared in medium with various DPA concentrations, and the germination and viability of these spores as well as the DPA content in individual spores were measured. Levels of some other small ...

This study presents a novel methodology for the development of a chemically defined medium (CDM) using genome-scale metabolic network and flux balance analysis. The genome-based in silico analysis identified two amino acids and four vitamins as non-substitutable essential compounds to be supplemented to a minimal medium for the sustainable growth ...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of fatty acids against phytopathogenic fungi. Two pot experiments were conducted by mixing palmitic and oleic acids in the soil in which poor plant growth was observed. In addition, the antifungal activities of nine fatty acids (butyric acid, ...

Tannins exist widely in plants, but because they precipitate proteins, scientists frequently ignore them in search of bioactive components. Catechu, a traditional astringent, is rich in tannins. In this study, we found that condensed tannins from catechu potently inhibited animal fatty acid synthase (FAS). Among them, trimeric condensed tannin showed ...

Bacterial spore determination by terbium(III)-dipicolinate luminescence has been reported by several investigators. We collected spore samples with a cyclone and extracted dipicolinic acid (DPA) in-line with hot aqueous dodecylamine, added Tb(III) in a continuous-flow system and detected the Tb(III)-DPA with a gated liquid core waveguide fluorescence detector with a flashlamp ...

Six female Norwegian lambs (29kg body weight, 8 months old), six castrated Norwegian goats (27kg body weight, 10 months old) and six castrated Cashmere goats (20kg body weight, 8 months old) were used to study the relative potential of Norwegian lambs, Norwegian goats and Cashmere goats for meat production. Animals ...

A moderately thermophilic, Gram-positive, endospore-forming, sulfate-reducing bacterium was isolated from a fluidized-bed reactor treating acidic water containing metal and sulfate. The strain, designated RE35E1T, was rod-shaped and motile. The temperature range for growth was 33-51 degrees C (optimum 44-46 degrees C) and the pH range was 6.0-7.5 (optimum pH 6.4-7.3). ...

The growth of Listeria innocua in three organic acids was monitored by optical density measurements in a Bioscreen C automatic plate reader (Labsystems, Finland). The method described by Metris et al. [Metris, A., George, S.M., Baranyi, J., 2006. Use of optical density detection times to assess the effect of acetic ...

Natural antibiotics are almost universal secondary metabolites, not essential for the growth of the producing organisms generally produced at low growth rates or after growth has ceased. Clavulanic acid (CA), a naturally occurring powerful inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamases is a major beta-lactam antibiotic produced by organism Streptomyces clavuligerus and is ...

Sulphur is a universally required cell nutrient found in two amino acids and other small organic molecules. All aerobic marine bacteria are known to use assimilatory sulphate reduction to supply sulphur for biosynthesis, although many can assimilate sulphur from organic compounds that contain reduced sulphur atoms. An analysis of three ...

Dekkera and Brettanomyces yeast are important spoilage organisms in a number of food and beverage products. Isolates of both genera were cultured in a defined medium and supplemented with hydroxycinnamic acids and vinylphenols to investigate their influence on growth and the formation of ethyl phenol derivatives. The growth rate of ...

Microbial spoilage of shelf-stable acidified sauces is predominantly caused by lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. A specific spoilage yeast in these products is Zygosaccharomyces bailii, as this fructophilic, osmotolerant, and weak acid resistant yeast is difficult to control. A growth/no growth model was developed describing the influence of (i) pH ...

In this study, effect of different 2,4 -dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) concentrations (0.0, 9.10(-5), 9.10(-4), 9.10(-3) and 9.10(-2) mM) on growth rate, content of protein and chlorophyll-a in Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis cells was investigated. The most stimulatory effect on growth rate, protein and pigment ratio of C. vulgaris and ...

The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is an important methane sink in marine ecosystems mediated by still uncultured Archaea. We established an experimental system to grow AOM communities in different sediment samples. Approaches to show growth of the slow-growing anaerobic methanotrophs have been either via nucleic acids (quantitative PCR) or ...

AIMS: To facilitate a cost-effective preparation of spore inoculum with good capacity for gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) production from Mucor rouxii. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sporangiospore production, mycelial growth ability and fatty acid composition of M. rouxii were determined. Compared with fungal cultivation on solid semi-synthetic media, high spore production was achieved ...

The growth and composition of microorganisms found in a municipal wastewater treatment plant were investigated in the presence of four pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) [ketoprofen, naproxen, carbamazepine, and clofibric acid] in batch reactors at varying organic loadings. Overall, the data suggest that microbial growth inhibition was correlated to organic loading ...

The influence of the bacteriocinogenic culture Lactobacillus sakei (10(5)/g) and semi-purified bacteriocin mesenterocin Y (2560AU/kg) on the safety and quality of traditional Croatian fermented sausages was investigated. The addition of Lb. sakei and/or mesenterocin Y reduced microbial counts (P<0.05) in the final products. After 28 days of ripening, coagulase-negative cocci ...

Spore formation by Clostridium difficile is a significant obstacle to overcoming hospital-acquired C. difficile-associated disease. Spores are resistant to heat, radiation, chemicals, and antibiotics, making a contaminated environment difficult to clean. To cause disease, however, spores must germinate and grow out as vegetative cells. The germination of C. difficile spores ...

Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis bv. diacetylactis strains are aroma-producing organisms used in starter cultures for the elaboration of dairy products. This species is essentially a fermentative microorganism, which cometabolizes glucose and citrate to yield aroma compounds through the diacetyl/acetoin biosynthetic pathway. Our previous results have shown that under acidic growth ...

Long-term monoculture of watermelon leads to frequent occurrence of watermelon fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum (FON). Some allelochemicals contained in watermelon root exudates and decaying residues are possibly responsible for promoting the wilt disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of artificially ...

This study reports evidence that the timing of leaf growth responds to developmental and environmental constraints in Clusia spp. We monitored diel patterns of leaf growth in the facultative C(3)-crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) species Clusia minor and in the supposedly obligate CAM species Clusia alata using imaging methods and followed ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of curing times on the characteristics of 7-month dry-cured beef cecina stored for up to 12-months at 16°C and 65% relative humidity. Microbiological and physicochemical parameters, sensorial properties and consumer preferences were analysed at three different processing times (210, 270 ...

Various amino acids, including both L- and D-enantiomers, may be present in soils, and recent studies have indicated that plants may access such nitrogen (N) forms. Here, the capacity of Arabidopsis to utilize different L- and D-amino acids is investigated and the constraints on this process are explored. Mutants defective ...

Content and chain lengths of inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) as well as exopolyphosphatase activities were compared in cytosol and mitochondria of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae during growth on glucose or ethanol under phosphate surplus. PolyP metabolism in cytosol and mitochondria was substantially dependent upon the carbon source. Acid-soluble polyP accumulated mainly ...

In sparse canopies, low red to far-red (R/FR) ratios reach only vertically-oriented stems, which respond with faster rates of extension. It is shown here that this signal also promotes stem dry matter accumulation in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) but not in mustard (Sinapis alba L.). Physically blocking internode extension growth also ...

In this study, the influence of a protein-based fat replacer, Versagel added at 1% and 2% (w/v) to reconstituted skim milk (RSM), on the growth and metabolic activities of selected strains of yogurt starters (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus) as well as probiotic organisms (Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, ...

Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis CRL264 is a natural strain isolated from cheese (F. Sesma, D. Gardiol, A. P. de Ruiz Holgado, and D. de Mendoza, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56:2099-2103, 1990). The effect of citrate on the growth parameters at a very acidic pH value was studied with this ...

The weak organic acid sorbic acid is a commonly used food preservative, as it inhibits the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds. We have used genome-wide transcriptional profiling of Bacillus subtilis cells during mild sorbic acid stress to reveal the growth-inhibitory activity of this preservative and to identify potential resistance ...

A capnophilic rumen bacterium Mannheimia succiniciproducens produces succinic acid as a major fermentation end product under CO(2)-rich anaerobic condition. Since succinic acid is produced by carboxylation of C3 compounds during the fermentation, intracellular CO(2) availability is important for efficient succinic acid formation. Here, we investigated the metabolic responses of M. ...

Acid-producing fungi can be used for the treatment of black liquor by biological acidification for the precipitation of alkali lignin. The effects of alkali lignin obtained from black liquor on the growth, acid-producing capacity and glucose consumption of a brown-rot fungus Fomitopsis sp. IMER2 were investigated and the changes in ...

Four formulations of a dry fermented sausage, known as sobrassada, containing different percentages of carrot dietary fibre (DF) [3% (S3), 6% (S6), 9% (S9) and 12% (S12) (w/w)] were analyzed for various physico-chemical and microbiological parameters and sensory attributes. The ripening process was monitored throughout storage. The pH of DF-supplemented ...

The effect of salt addition (3% and 6% in the final product) on the shelf-life related physicochemical characteristics and proteolysis profile during the ripening period of a Portuguese dry fermented sausage "Painho de Portalegre", were evaluated. The product with 6% salt concentration had low a(w) and pH values at most ...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the aminogenic behaviour of Lactobacillus curvatus strain CTC273, isolated from a fermented pork sausage, and showing its ability to produce tyramine, putrescine, phenylethylamine and lower amounts of cadaverine. Besides the amine production by growing cells under different pH, glucose availability and ...

In this study, production and optimisation of rosmarinic acid, a phenolic acid and an economically important metabolite, was investigated in the callus cultures established from the mature seeds of Satureja hortensis L. (summer savory) plant. Gamborg's B5 basal medium, supplemented with indol butyric acid (IBA) (1.00 mg L(-1)), N6-benzyl aminopurine ...

Filtered samples of monogalacturonic (GA) and monoglucuronic acids (GL) that were prepared using millipore filter (pore size=0.2 microm) slightly inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli while the autoclaved (at 121 degrees C for 20 min) samples of GA and GL completely inhibited the growth of E. coli. The most effective ...

Endospores and endospore-forming bacteria were studied by Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectra were recorded from Bacillus licheniformis LMG 7634 at different steps during growth and spore formation, and from spore suspensions obtained from diverse Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains cultured in different conditions (growth media, temperature, peroxide treatment). Raman bands of calcium ...

The effect of preservatives on microbial quality, pH, drip-loss, roasting-loss, colour, and sensorial properties of modified atmosphere packaged (70% O(2) and 30% CO(2)) minced beef (M. semimembranosus) stored at (2±0.5°C) for 12days was investigated. Beef cubes (approx. 20×20×20mm size) were immersed in solutions of 2% and 5% lactic acid, 2% ...