Geobacter metallireducens was found to be capable of decolorizing several azo dyes with different structures to various extents. Pyruvate, ethanol, acetate, propionate, and benzoate could support 66.3 ± 2.6-93.7 ± 2.1 % decolorization of 0.1 mM acid red 27 (AR27) in 40 h. The dependence of the specific decolorization rate on AR27 concentration (25 to 800 μM) followed ...

Mushroom mycelia of Antrodia camphorata, Agaricus blazei, Hericium erinaceus and Phellinus linteus were used to substitute 5% of wheat flour to make bread. Bread quality, including specific volume, colour property, equivalent umami concentration (EUC), texture profile analysis, sensory evaluation and functional components, was analysed. Mycelium-supplemented bread was smaller in loaf ...

Tetrahexahedral Pt nanocrystals (THH Pt NCs), bound by high index facets, belong to an emerging class of nanomaterials that promise to bridge the gap between model and practical electrocatalysts. The atomically stepped surfaces of THH Pt NCs are extremely active for the electrooxidation of small organic molecules but they also ...

The aim of this work was to clarify the mechanism taking place in field enhanced sample injection coupled to sweeping and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (FESI-Sweep-MEKC), with the utilization of two acidic high conductivity buffers (HCB), phosphoric acid or sodium phosphate buffer, in view of maximizing sensitivity enhancements. Using cationic model ...

The Fenton-like degradation of nalidixic acid was studied in this work. The effects of Fe(3+) concentration and initial H(2)O(2) concentration were investigated. Increasing the initial H(2)O(2) concentration enhances the degradation and mineralization efficiency for nalidixic acid, while Fe(3+) shows an optimal concentration of 0.25 mM. A complete removal of nalidixic acid ...

The peduncles of Hovenia dulcis, containing abundant nutrients and having a taste like a combination of raisin, clove, cinnamon and sugar, have been consumed as fruits and used as traditional herbal medicine for a long time in China. Up to date, little information is available about the polysaccharides from peduncles ...

The development of solid acid catalysts that contain a high density of Brønsted acid sites with suitable acidity, as well as a long lifetime, is one of great challenges for the efficient dehydration of glycerol to acrolein. Herein, we report on a mesoporous siliconiobium phosphate (NbPSi-0.5) composite, which is a ...

The dimer of acrylic acid can exist in two forms, depending on the entgegen or zusammen orientations of the two allyl groups. The latter one (zusammen) has a permanent value of the μb dipole moment component, which allowed measuring its pulsed jet Fourier transform microwave (MW) spectrum. From the tunnelling ...

OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in postmenopausal women. Elevated serum uric acid levels, hypoadiponectinemia and arterial stiffness are strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the relationships among uric acid, adiponectin and arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women. STUDY DESIGN: 9555 subjects who had the routine ...

In the present investigation an attempt has been made to enhance rosmarinic acid level in plants, grown in vitro, of 2 species of Mentha in presence of 2 precursors in the nutrient media during culture. For in vitro culture establishment and shoot bud multiplication, MS basal media were used supplemented ...

GC with a capillary column (60-100 m length) is widely used to measure trans fatty acids in dietary fats and biological tissues. Recently, we have occasionally observed that isothermal operation of an SP-2560 column at 180 degrees C results in incomplete separation of gondoic acid (11c-20:1) and one of the ...

Original mixed selectors were synthesized by coupling a single l-valine diamide moiety on permethylated β-cyclodextrin. The structures of the new selectors were designed to limit the interactions between the l-valine derivative and cyclodextrin by removing the amino acid moiety from the cyclodextrin cavity by means of an amide linkage on ...

BACKGROUND: The breakdown of skin microcirculation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of chemical burns. Available data for alkali and acid injuries are rare. To determine the pathophysiological similarities and differences, two comparable in vivo acid and alkali burn models were developed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Deep partial-thickness acid burns (32% ...

In this study we evaluated the biting deterrent effects of a series of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids against Aedes aegypti (L), yellow fever mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) using the K & Dbioassay module system. Saturated (C6:0 to C16:0 and C18:0) and unsaturated fatty acids (C11:1 to C14:1, C16:1, C18:1, and ...

A novel graphene-based voltammetric immunosensor for sensitive detection of okadaic acid (OA) was developed. A simple and efficient electrografting method was utilized to functionalize graphene-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (GSPE) by the electrochemical reduction of in situ generated 4-carboxyphenyl diazonium salt in acidic aqueous solution. Next, the okadaic acid antibody was ...

Perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomers have been extensively studied in particular for application to polymer electrolyte fuel cells as they show high proton conductivity at relatively low humidity. While vibrational spectroscopic methods have been successfully applied to investigate dissociation and hydration of their acid sites, the bands in the measured spectra ...

PURPOSE: Bleeding is a significant morbidity associated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the anti-fibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss in patients undergoing PCNL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 200 patients planned for PCNL were randomized into two ...

Aim:To describe the population pharmacokinetic profile of modafinil acid and to compare the extent of metabolism of modafinil into modafinil acid in 5 major ethnic groups (Han, Mongolian, Korean, Uygur, and Hui) of China.Methods:In a multi-center, open-label, single dose clinical trial, 49 healthy volunteers from the 5 ethnic groups received ...

Together with vitamin C, zinc, selenium, manganese, and magnesium play a vital role in the preservation of organs scheduled for transplantation. In the present study, it is shown that addition of 1 mg/l of these elements influences the stability of 0.3 mM ascorbic acid solutions. The solution's stability was estimated using an ...

The electrocatalytic activity of cobalt(II)-phthalocyanine immobilized in a carbon paste electrode for citric acid oxidation under a diffusion-controlled electrochemical process was employed to develop a selective flow injection amperomettric analysis method. Under optimized conditions, rapid and reliable determinations of citric acid (65 samples per hour) were achieved for analyses of ...

Accurate measures of plasma fatty acid oxidation can improve our understanding of diseases characterized by impaired fatty acid oxidation. We describe and compare the 24-hour time-courses of fatty acid oxidation using bolus injections of [1-(14)C]palmitate vs. [9,10-(3)H]palmitate under postabsorptive, postprandial, and walking conditions. Fifty one men and 95 premenopausal women ...

The recalcitrance of lignocelluloses toward enzymatic hydrolysis necessitates pretreatments. Ionic liquid pretreatment with 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([amin]Cl) was applied to risk husk and cellulose-containing fractions were recovered from the ionic liquid solutions by acidic, alkaline, and alkaline-acidic regeneration respectively. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the recovered materials was carried out and results demonstrated ...

Supramolecular polymers from the bolaamphiphilic L-histidine (BolaHis) and benzene dicarboxylic acids (o-phthalic acid, OPA; isophthalic acid, IPA and terephthalic acid, TPA) were found to form hydrogels although neither of the single components could gel water. It was suggested that the hydrogen bond and ionic interactions among different imidazole and carboxylic ...

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is found in many plants that are used as medicinal substances in traditional Chinese medicine injectables (TCMIs). However, to date, there is controversy as to whether CGA is the major cause of TCMIs-related hypersensitivity administered intravenously. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential ...

A group of Piloty's acid (N-hydroxybenzenesulfonamide) derivatives were synthesized and fully characterized in order to assess the rates and pH of HNO (azanone, nitroxyl) donation in aqueous media. The derivatives, with electron-withdrawing and -donating substituents include methyl, nitro, fluoro, tri-isopropyl, trifluoromethyl and methoxy groups. The most interesting modulation observed is ...

This article will focus on the modification of plant seed oils to enhance their nutritional composition. Such modifications will include C18 Δ6-desaturated fatty acids such as γ-linolenic and stearidonic acid, omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid, as well as the omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (often named ...

Doxorubicin (DOX) was conjugated to polyethylenimine (PEI) in several synthetic ways and created PEI-succinic anhydride (SUC)-DOX, PEI-N-succinimidyl 3-maleimidopropionate (SMP)-DOX and PEI-3-maleimidopropionic acid hydrazide (MPH)-DOX conjugates using pH-insensitive linkage (amide bond) or pH-sensitive linkage (hydrazone bond). The effects of the conjugates on anticancer therapy against human breast cancer cells were investigated ...

Reducing activity is a physiological property of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of technological importance. We developed a solid medium with tetrazolium dyes enabling weakly and strongly reducing LAB to be discriminated. It was used to quantify populations in a mixed culture (spreading method) and screen strains (spot method).

This study investigated the changes in the fatty acid content and composition in the nitrogen-starved Chlamydomonas reinhardtii starchless mutant, BAF-J5, grown at different temperatures. The optimal temperature for vegetative growth under nitrogen sufficient conditions was found to be 32°C. Shifting temperature from 25 to 32°C, in conjunction with nitrogen starvation, ...

The gas-phase acidity of a series of amine-borane complexes has been investigated through the use of electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), with the application of the extended Cooks kinetic method, and high-level G4 ab initio calculations. The most significant finding is that typical nitrogen bases, such as aniline, react with BH(3) to ...

Blends of entirely bio-sourced polymers, namely polylactide (PLA) and starch, have been melt-compounded by lab-scale co-extruder with epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) as a reactive compatibilizer. The starch granules were grafted with the maleic anhydride (MA) to enhance its reactivity with ESO. The ready reactions between the epoxy groups on ESO, ...

The improvement of bacterial tolerance to organic solvents is a main prerequisite for the microbial production of biofuels which are toxic to cells. For targeted genetic engineering of Escherichia coli to increase organic solvent tolerances (OSTs), we selected and investigated a total of 12 genes that participate in relevant mechanisms ...

Chondroitin sulfate is a well-known bioactive molecule, widely used as an anti-osteoarthritis drug, that is nowadays mainly produced by animal tissue sources with unsafe extraction procedures. Recent studies have explored an integrated biotechnological-chemical strategy to obtain a chondroitin sulfate precursor from Escherichia coli K4 capsular polysaccharide, demonstrating the influence of ...

Cocrystals of itraconazole, an antifungal drug with poor bioavailability, and succinic acid, a water-soluble dicarboxylic acid, were formed by gas antisolvent (GAS) cocrystallization using pressurized CO(2) to improve itraconazole dissolution. In this study, itraconazole and succinic acid were simultaneously dissolved in a liquid solvent, tetrahydrofuran, at ambient conditions. The solution ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: There is no available information on physicochemical and antioxidant properties on Bangladeshi honey. We investigated five different monofloral and three different multifloral honey samples collected from different parts of Bangladesh. METHODS: The levels of phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant content (AEAC), proline, protein and antioxidants ...

Fatty acids stored as triglycerides, an important source of cellular energy, are catabolized through β-oxidation pathways predicted to occur both in peroxisomes and mitochondria in filamentous fungi. Here, we characterize the function of Enoyl-CoA hydratase Ech1, a mitochondrial β-oxidation enzyme, in the model phytopathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. Ech1 was found to ...

Enterobacteria are known to deconjugate amino acid-conjugated bile acids in the intestine. Administration of ampicillin (ABPC; 3 days, 100mg/kg) decreased the expression of ileal farnesoid X receptor (Fxr) target genes, and increased the levels of total bile acids in the intestinal lumen. The primary tauro-conjugates of cholic acid (TCA) and ...

BACKGROUND: Blood omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid levels have been associated with reduced risk for total mortality in patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD), but their relationships with mortality in the setting of myocardial infarction (MI) are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between red blood cell (RBC) fatty ...

Transfer RNA molecules (tRNA) have the thermodynamic potential to interact with each other to form dimers (hybridization energy, dG=-33.2±6.7kcal/mole, compared to the folding energy of the cloverleaf configuration, dG=-25±4.4kcal/mole, p<0.0001). The dG values have a strong negative correlation with the frequency of co-locations and substitutions of associated amino acids. We ...

Defined medium for arachidonic acid (ARA) production by Mortierella alpina was optimized for its metabolomics study. For this purpose, a visualization method (VM) was applied for the first time. Experiments were designed according to the uniform design with four factors (concentrations of glucose, NaNO(3), KH(2)PO(4) and MgSO(4)·7H(2)O) for each at ...

A low ratio of n-3 to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids has been associated with cardiovascular events. However, the effects of this ratio on coronary atherosclerosis have not been fully examined. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the correlations between the n-3 to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio ...

Squaric acid dibutyl ester (SADBE) is a commonly used treatment for verruca vulgaris of childhood. Few studies, however, have examined the role of SADBE in combination with other topical therapies for warts. We sought to determine if trichloroacetic acid 50% (TCA) and/or cantharidin 0.7% improve therapeutic response to SADBE. A ...

Natural D-amino acid oxidases (DAAO) are not suitable for selective determination of D-amino acids due to their broad substrate specificity profiles. Analysis of the 3D-structure of the DAAO enzyme from the yeast Trigonopsis variabilis (TvDAAO) revealed the Phe258 residue located at the surface of the protein globule to be in ...

Two new cinnamic acids, 2-O-caffeoyl-3-O-isoferuloyltartaric (3), and 2, 3-di-O-isoferuloyltartaric acid (5), along with three known caffeic acids, cichoric acid (1), 2-O-caffeoyl-3-O-feruloyltartaric acid (2) and 2-O-caffeoyl-3-O-p-coumaroyltartaric acid (4), have been successfully isolated and purified from Echinacea purpurea. In this study, we investigated an efficient method for the preparative isolation and purification ...

This study was performed to compare the oxidative quality of repeatedly heated palm and soybean oils, which were used to fry keropok lekors and potato chips. A kilogramme of keropok lekors or potato chips was fried in 2.5 L of palm or soybean oil at 180 °C for 10 minutes. ...

In Arabidopsis, the fatty acid moiety of sphingolipids is mainly α-hydroxylated. The consequences of a reduction in this modification were analysed. Mutants of both Fatty Acid Hydroxylase genes (AtFAH1 and AtFAH2) were analysed for sphingolipid profiles. To elucidate further consequences of the mutations, metabolic analyses were performed and the influence ...

Abstract Objective: To evaluate urine protein to creatinine ratio (UPC) alone and with uric acid and clinical factors to predict or exclude significant proteinuria in preeclampsia evaluations. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study patients undergoing evaluation for preeclampsia. Greater than 300 mg of protein in a 24-hour collection was the gold ...

In this study, we fabricated Au nanowires (NWs), nanoslices (NSs), and nanocorals (NCs) on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates via direct current electrochemical depositions. Without any surface modification, the Au nanostructures were used as the electrodes for dopamine (DA) sensing. Among them, the Au NW electrode performed exceptionally well. The ...

AIM: To evaluate the suitability of marine lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as starter cultures for Sargassum sp. fermentation to enhance its antioxidant and anticoagulation activity. METHODS AND RESULTS: Lactic acid bacteria isolated from marine source were characterized for their ability to utilize seaweed as a sole carbon source and applied ...

Fatty acids are important precursors to biofuels. The Escherichia coli FadR is a transcription factor that regulates several processes in fatty acid biosynthesis, degradation, and membrane transport. By tuning the expression of FadR in an engineered E. coli host, we were able to increase fatty acid titer by 7.5-fold over ...