The focus of our study was to investigate the effect of crop load on the accumulation and composition of primary metabolites (sugars, organic acids), selected groups of flavonoids (anthocyanins and flavonols) and total phenolics in two subsequent years in four black currant cultivars ('Titania', 'Triton', 'Tsema' and 'Cacanska crna') and ...

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acid and is essential to the health of mammals. Recent data show that EPA can act as anti-mutagenic agent. On the other hand, pesticides comprise a new and important class of environmental pollutants nowadays. Imazalil (IMA), a commonly used fungicide in both ...

We show that the concentration of total free fatty acids (FFAs) in sake produced by yeast with high productivity of ethyl caproate could be approximated by the concentration of 2 FFAs, caproic and caprylic acids. Measurement of the total FFAs concentration by an enzymatic method proved useful for both estimating ...

  Pinolenic acid (PLA) concentrate in fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) was efficiently produced from pine nut oil via lipase-catalyzed ethanolysis using a recirculating packed bed reactor (RPBR). The effects of reaction temperature, molar ratio, and residence time on the concentration of PLA were explored. Novozym 435 lipase from Candida ...

The commercially important naphthalene sulfonate K-acid (C(10)H(9)NO(9)S(3); 2-naphthylamine 3,6,8-tri sulfonic acid) was subjected to electrocoagulation employing stainless steel electrodes. An experimental design tool was used to mathematically describe and optimize the single and combined influences of major process variables on K-acid and its organic carbon (COD and TOC) removal efficiencies ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Elevated stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity has been described in obese states, with an increased desaturation index (DI) suggesting enhanced lipogenesis. Differences in the DI among various phenotypes of abnormal adiposity have not been studied. Abnormal accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue occurs in rare adipose disorders (RADs) including Dercum's disease ...

Toxic solvent and strong acid-catalysts causing environmental issues have been mainly used for ring opening of the epoxidized oleochemicals. Here, we demonstrated that magnesium stearate (Mg-stearate) was a high efficient catalyst for solvent-free ring opening of epoxidized methyl oleate, a model compound of mid-chain epoxide. Mg-stearate resulted in the highest ...

Arachidonic acid is metabolized to four regioisomeric epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) by cytochrome-P450 (CYP450). 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12- and 14,15-EET are equipotent in relaxing bovine coronary arteries (BCAs). Vasorelaxant effects of EETs are non-selectively antagonized by 14,15-EEZE. The 11,12-EET analogs, 20-hydroxy-11,12-epoxyeicosa-8(Z)-enoic acid (20-H-11,12-EE8ZE) and 11,12,20-trihydroxyeicosa-8(Z)-enoic acid (11,12,20-THE8ZE) were synthesized and tested for ...

A study on the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants (salicylic acid and stearic acid) on titanium dioxide films overcoated with a few monolayers of silica is presented herein. A rather uncommon situation was observed, where the presence of the thin silica layers decreased the degradation rate of stearic acid while increasing ...

Fermentation properties of oligosaccharides derived from lactulose (OsLu) and lactose (GOS) have been assessed in pH-controlled anaerobic batch cultures using lactulose and Vivinal-GOS as reference carbohydrates. Changes in gut bacterial populations and their metabolic activities were monitored over 24 h by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), and by measurement of ...

Aqueous-phase processing of glyoxal (GLY) and methylglyoxal (MG) produces highly oxygenated, less volatile organic acids that can contribute to SOA formation and aging. In this study, Aerosol Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (Aerosol CIMS) is employed to monitor aqueous-phase photooxidation of GLY and MG. Using iodide (I^-) as the reagent ion, ...

KIE events: Hydroxylations of fatty acids by cytochrome P450 119 Compound I display no intermolecular kinetic isotope effect (KIE) in buffer and increase in rate with increasing chain length. With glycerol, the rate of reaction of lauric acid increases, and the KIE is revealed. The mechanism involves reversible formation of an ...

Many biological functions follow circadian rhythms driven by internal and external cues that synchronize and coordinate organ physiology to diurnal changes in the environment and behavior. Urinary acid-base parameters follow diurnal patterns and it is thought these changes are due to periodic surges in gastric acid secretion. Abnormal urine pH ...

Berries are a good source of natural antioxidants. In the present study, the total antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition of three berry fruits (blueberry, blackberry, and strawberry) cultivated in Nanjing were investigated. Blueberry, with a Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) value of 14.98 mmol Trolox/100 g dry weight (DW), exhibited ...

Succinic acid is considered as an important platform chemical. Succinic acid fermentation with Actinobacillus succinogenes strain BE-1 was optimized by central composite design (CCD) using a response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized production of succinic acid was predicted and the interactive effects between glucose, yeast extract, and magnesium carbonate were ...

Aim: Elevated maternal serum uric acid is associated with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses. We investigated whether uric acid concentrations in normotensive pregnant women are correlated with fetal growth and related to kidney function. Methods: We carried out a case-control study using 40 patients who delivered SGA fetuses identified from the perinatal ...

A mixture of common Southern Piedmont (USA) grassland species (Lolium arundinacea, Paspalum dilatatum, Cynodon dactylon and Trifolium repens) was exposed to O(3) [ambient (non-filtered; NF) and twice-ambient (2X) concentrations] and fed to individually caged New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in a digestibility experiment. Forages and feed refusals were analyzed ...

Woody biomass is renewable only if sustainable production is imposed. An optimum and sustainable biomass stand production rate is found to be one with the incremental growth rate at harvest equal to the average overall growth rate. Utilization of woody biomass leads to a sustainable economy. Woody biomass is comprised ...

Since propolis and phenolic compounds, such as cinnamic and coumaric acids, have several biological properties, their immunomodulatory effect on cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10) was investigated. Peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice were incubated with propolis, coumaric and cinnamic acids in different concentrations and the concentrations that inhibited cytokine production ...

The steam-sterilized (18)F-FDG of our laboratory frequently has a pH of around 6.5. To avoid decomposition, we studied the possibility of adjusting the pH by adding a pharmaceutical compound but without modifying the usual production sequence and reagents. Methods: Citric acid in 4 concentrations (0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.06 M) ...

The consumption of EPA and DHA has been associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Mean intakes of EPA and DHA in the United States and elsewhere are below levels recommended by health authorities. The main non-marine source of dietary (n-3) fatty acids (α-linolenic acid) is poorly ...

This study focused on metabolic changes in the neuronal human cell line AGE1.HN upon increased ammonia stress. Batch cultivations of α(1)-antitrypsin (A1AT) producing AGE1.HN cells were carried out in media with initial ammonia concentrations ranging from 0mM to 5mM. Growth, A1AT production, metabolite dynamics and finally metabolic fluxes calculated by ...

Short-term 48, 72 and 96-h aquatic toxicity tests were conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity of eight fluorinated acids to the cladoceran, Daphnia magna, the green alga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, and the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss or the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas. The eight fluorinated acids studied were tridecafluorohexyl ethanoic acid ...

Ceramides derived from sphingosine contribute to the apoptotic processes of neuronal cells in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease. This study investigates the potential neuroprotective effects of Asiatic acid, a triterpenoid derived from Centella asiatica, against C(2)-ceramides-induced cell death in primary cultured rat cortical neuronal cells. In primary neurons, Asiatic acid ...

In this paper, we report on the enhanced strength of glass ionomer cement (GIC) by using the process of pre acid-base reaction and spray drying in glass preparation. The pre acid-base reaction was induced by prior mixing of the glass powder with poly(alkenoic acid). The weight ratios of glass powder ...

The aims of this study were to investigate the release of fluocinolone acetonide from an experimental pulp capping material containing fluocinolone acetonide (PCFA) and compare some physical and mechanical properties with Dycal(®). The PCFA is a hard-setting calcium hydroxide cement composed of 50 mmol/L fluocinolone acetonide. Conditioned media from the ...

Pretreatment processes are key technologies for generating fermentable sugars based on lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, we developed a novel method for empty palm fruit bunch fiber (EPFBF) using sequential pretreatment with dilute acid and then alkali. Dilute sulfuric acid was used in the first step, which removed 90% of ...

The acid-base equilibrium of mycophenolate mofetil is studied in the absence and presence of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The conditional acidity constants are obtained by rank annihilation factor analysis (RAFA) as a function of β-CD concentrations. Also the stability constants for inclusion complexes of β-CD with both acidic and basic forms are ...

To investigate the effect of antioxidants on lipid oxidation and fatty acid composition in pressurized pork, minced pork with or without 1% Na(2)EDTA was pressurized at 500MPa before 7days storage at 4°C. TBARS value, lipid content and fatty acid composition in untreated and high-pressure (HP) treated samples were analyzed. HP ...

A novel approach to the performic acid pulping of biomass enables effective delignification and fractionation in a time frame not achieved heretofore. An autothermal decomposition reaction was triggered when 100mg/L Fe(2)(SO(4))(3) in 4.0M NaOH was added to 5% or 7.5% H(2)O(2) in aqueous formic acid containing chipped Miscanthus x giganteus. ...

Incidental ingestion of Chromite ore processing residue (COPR) particles poses a potential health risk. The purpose of this study was to determine the Cr bioaccessibility from COPR using the in vitro gastrointestinal (IVG) procedure. The bioaccessible Cr(VI) was 53.8% and 42.9%, respectively, in the gastric and intestinal phases from a ...

This paper investigates the development of a new environment friendly approach for treatment of bastnasite. A new process was developed to recover fluorine from bastnasite as synthetic cryolite by-product. The conditions affecting the fluorine removal and recovery in the process, including contact time, acidity, Al(3+) concentration, Al/F molar ratio and ...

A fast method for the determination of As, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se and V in biological samples by ETV-ICP-MS, after a simple sample treatment with formic acid, is proposed. Approximately 75mg of each sample is mixed with 5mL of formic acid, kept at 90°C for 1h and then ...

This study aims to examine methods and the most suitable conditions for producing methyl ester from crude rubber seed oil. An acid esterification-alkaline transesterification process is proposed. In the experiment, the 20% FFA of crude rubber seed oil could be reduced to 3% FFA by acid esterification. The product after ...

Leachables are chemical compounds that migrate from manufacturing equipment, primary containers and closure systems, and packaging components into biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical products. Acrylic acid (at concentration around 5 μg/mL) was detected as leachable in syringes from one of the potential vendors (X syringes). In order to evaluate the potential impact ...

A simple and effective strategy was proposed for synthesis of AuNPs@polyaniline (AuNPs@PANI) core-shell nanocomposites. AuNPs@PANI nanocomposites were prepared by one-step chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline using chloroaurate acid as the oxidant and AuNPs as the seeds. The synthesized AuNPs@PANI nanocomposites were characterized with transmission electron microscope and UV-vis absorption spectra. ...

The effect of the use of rootstock Criollo on the susceptibility of Manila mango fruit to infestation by Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) was determined in the present investigation. Growth, quality parameters (Soluble solids content (%), citric acid content (%), firmness, monoterpene volatiles (3-carene, limonene, alpha-pinene, and beta-myrcene), main flavonoids content (milligrams/100 ...

The aim of this study was to reveal the pyridine metabolism in leaves of two mangrove legumes, Derris indica (= Millettia pinnata or Pongamia pinnata) and Caesalpinia crista. Radioactivity from [carbonyl-14C]nicotinamide supplied exogenously to young leaf disks was recovered in nicotinic acid, nicotinic acid mononucleotide, NAD, NADP, nicotinamide mononucleotide and ...

ABSTRACT: Previous studies have demonstrated that long chain fatty acids influence fibroblast function at sub-lethal concentrations. This study is the first to assess the effects of oleic, linoleic or palmitic acids on protein expression of fibroblasts, as determined by standard proteomic techniques. The fatty acids were not cytotoxic at the ...

Purpose: Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), the purpose was to investigate the effect of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) concentration and etching duration on surface roughness (Ra) and micromorphology of enamel and dentin substrates of uremic patients receiving hemodialysis. Materials and Methods: Sixty-three enamel and dentin slabs were prepared from 42 sound ...

In this study, the screening of five anthraquinones (purpurin, xanthopurpurin, rubiadin, kermisic acid and flavokermisic acid), for their free radical scavenging and antioxidant effects was carried out, using three complementary methods. DPPH (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) revealed that purpurin has a scavenging effect with IC50 = 3.491 ± 0.014 µg/ml. Results of β-carotene ...

Biopolymers such as alginates have been widely researched for clinical use. Their clinical application, however, have been limited due to their unpredictable and often rapid degradation rates. Here we show that the degradation of an alginate hydrogel can be tailored through the addition of orthosilicic acid (OSA). On immersion in ...

Acid α-glucosidase (GAA) is a lysosomal enzyme that hydrolyzes glycogen to glucose. Deficiency of GAA causes Pompe disease. Mammalian GAA is synthesized as a precursor of ~110,000Da that is N-glycosylated and targeted to the lysosome via the M6P receptors. In the lysosome, human GAA is sequentially processed by proteases to ...

Valproic acid (VPA) is a simple branched medium-chain fatty acid with expanding therapeutic applications beyond its prime anticonvulsant properties. AIMS: (1) To resolve the underlying basis for the interference of valproate with the isoleucine degradative pathway and (2) to shed new light on the enzymology of the β-oxidation pathway of ...

BACKGROUND: L-3-Hydroxy fatty acids are unusual metabolites and rarely occur in significant quantities in normal human physiology. Genetic defects of both long-chain and medium-/short-chain mitochondrial L-3 hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenases (LCHAD, M/SCHAD) have been identified as significant metabolic diseases in humans often with severe clinical phenotypes and pathophysiology that appears ...

Obesity is associated with a low grade inflammation which contributes to the development of insulin resistance and diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the total saturated (SFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in plasma from asymptomatic obese subjects and to determine the arachidonic/eicosapentanoic acid ratio ...

ABSTRACT: Fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H) is the enzyme responsible for the hydroxylation of free fatty acids prior to their incorporation into 2-hydroxylated sphingolipids, which are the major constituents of the myelin leaflet. Mutated FA2H has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Decreased FA2H activity was demonstrated only in vitro, but not ...

Patients with cystic fibrosis consistently demonstrate selective abnormalities in essential fatty acid concentrations, including decreased linoleate (LA) and docosahexaenoate (DHA), with variably increased arachidonate (AA). These changes appear important for the pathophysiology of the disease. However, the mechanisms of these changes are not clearly understood. The current study demonstrates that ...

Background.  Hypertrophic scarring, a common proliferative disorder of dermal fibroblasts, results from an overproduction of collagen and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Although treatment with surgical excision or steroid hormones can modify the symptoms, numerous treatment-related complications have been described. Aim.  To investigate the effects of oleanolic acid (OA), a ...

Solid dispersions of mefanamic acid with a water-soluble polymer polyvinyl pyrrolidine and a super disintegrant, primojel were prepared by common solvent and solvent evaporation methods employing methanol as the solvent. The dissolution rate and dissolution efficiency of the prepared solid dispersions were evaluated in comparison to the corresponding pure drug. ...