The pathways and kinetics of trichloroethylene (TCE) degradation in aerobic pyrite suspension were investigated. The detection of hydroxyl radical in aqueous pyrite suspension suggested that TCE was degraded by this strong oxidant The reaction pathways of TCE degradation were proposed in which the degradation of TCE to formic acid and ...

The goal of the study was to evaluate the impact of amorphous bulking agents on the chemical stability of freeze-dried materials. Polyvinylpyrrolidone and dextran of different molecular weights and lactose were used as bulking agents, and sucrose was used as an example of an acid-sensitive compound. Lyophiles containing bulking agent ...

The aims of the current study were to follow: (1) the capability of the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus to degrade cell wall components and soluble phenols of the olive mill solid waste (OMSW), and improve it for ruminant nutrition (2) the fate of oil and the lipid-soluble compounds tocopherols, squalene ...

The degradation of an aqueous solution of clofibric acid was investigated during catalytic and non-catalytic ozonation. The catalyst, TiO(2), enhanced the production of hydroxyl radicals from ozone and raised the fraction or clofibric acid degraded by hydroxyl radicals. The rate constant for the reaction of clofibric acid and hydroxyl radicals ...

To complete our study on tannin degradation via gallic acid by the biotechnologically interesting yeast Arxula adeninivorans as well as to characterize new degradation pathways of hydroxylated aromatic acids. With glucose-grown cells of A. adeninivorans, transformation experiments with hydroxylated derivatives of benzoic acid were carried out. The 12 metabolites were ...

The removal of phthalic acid diesters (PAEs) in municipal solid waste (MSW) from two simulated landfill reactors was compared. The results showed that the original concentrations of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) in the refuse were 3.3 microg g(-1), 18.5 microg g(-1) and 0.8 microg ...

Racemic phenylsuccinate was stereospecifically degraded by the actinomycetes PS9 and PS17 isolated from soil obtained from Okinawa Island, Japan. Strain PS9, identified as a Citricoccus sp., preferentially degraded the R-form, while strain PS17, identified as a Microbacterium sp., preferentially degraded the S-form of phenylsuccinate. Analysis of the culture broths of ...

Pseudomonas sp. strain PPD can metabolize phenanthrene as the sole source of carbon and energy via the 'phthalic acid' route. The key enzyme, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid dioxygenase (1-HNDO, EC 1.13.11.38), was purified to homogeneity using a 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (3-H2NA)-affinity matrix. The enzyme was a homotetramer with a native molecular mass of ...

The reactivity of monosaccharides, furfural, and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) in the presence of a Brønsted acid (added as H(2)SO(4)) in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMImCl) is investigated at 120 °C. Fructose is converted much faster than mannose, glucose, and xylose and yields HMF with high selectivity, even in the absence of ...

There is evidence in animal studies that free fatty acids (FFA) can decrease protein degradation, but the exact mechanism is not known. We have shown that FFA can inhibit proteasome activity in vitro by interacting with insulin-degrading enzyme. Here we show that FFA can also inhibit the proteasome in whole ...

Fast-degrading, salicylate-based poly(anhydride-esters) were designed to degrade and release the active component, salicylic acid (SA), within 1 week. The polymer degradation was enhanced by using shorter or oxygen-containing aliphatic chains. A copolymer of diglycolic acid was also made with a salicylate-based diacid for comparison of polymer properties, including SA release. ...

The mediated effects of reduction products of some ortho-hydroxyl substituted azo dyes on biodecolorization were investigated. The results indicated that the addition of reduction products could effectively accelerate dye decolorization by Shigella sp. QRZ-1. The best accelerating effect was obtained with the addition of reduction products of Acid Red 14 ...

The influence of several factors in the simultaneous photocatalytic degradation of three textile dyes - Acid Red 97, Acid Orange 61 and Acid Brown 425 - has been studied using a fractional factorial design 2(5-1). The considered factors were: the initial concentration of each dye, the catalyst concentration (TiO(2)) and ...

Syntrophic relationships are the key for biodegradation in methanogenic environments. We review the ecological and physiological features of syntrophic communities involved in the degradation of saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), as well as their potential application to convert lipids/fats containing waste to biogas. Presently, about 14 species have ...

Dimethyl mercury (DMHg) is commonly detected in the world's oceans, but little is known about the mechanisms responsible for DMHg degradation in natural waters or the products of this degradation. Similarly, the potential for the conversion of DMHg to monomethyl mercury (MMHg) under the acidic conditions commonly used to preserve ...

Capric acid (C10:0), a medium chain fatty acid, was evaluated for its anti-methanogenic activity and its potential to modify the rumen biohydrogenation of linoleic (C18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acids (C18:3n-3). A standard dairy concentrate (0.5 g), supplemented with sunflower oil (10 mg) and linseed oil (10 mg) and increasing doses of ...

Management of intestinal microbiota of monogastric animals has increased in importance since the ban of growth promoting antibiotics in many countries. Organic acids have been used as alternatives to antibiotics by many feed manufacturers. Regardless of the wide usage, the effect, dose response and mode of action of acids on ...

Pseudomonas putida CBB5 was isolated from soil by enrichment on caffeine. This strain used not only caffeine, theobromine, paraxanthine, and 7-methylxanthine as sole carbon and nitrogen sources but also theophylline and 3-methylxanthine. Analyses of metabolites in spent media and resting cell suspensions confirmed that CBB5 initially N demethylated theophylline via ...

Full-scale anaerobic single-phase digesters can be confronted with process instabilities, which often result in the accumulation of propionic acid (HPr). As a solution, an enhanced propionic acid degradation (EPAD) system has been conceptually designed and experimentally tested at lab-scale. The system consisted of two components: a liquid/solid separator containing a ...

Metabolites from the biodegradation of a potential plasticizer 1,6-hexanediol dibenzoate in the presence of n-hexadecane as a co-substrate by the common soil organism Rhodococcus rhodochrous were identified using GC/MS and Fourier transform mass spectroscopy (FTMS) techniques. Trimethylsilylation of compounds from the biodegradation broth permitted detection of the following metabolites: 1-hexadecyl ...

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used to study the photodegradation of an oil sands naphthenic acid (NA) mixture, a commercial Fluka NA mixture and a candidate NA, 4-Methyl-cyclohexaneaceticic acid (4-MCHAA) irradiated with TiO(2) (P25) suspension under both fluorescent and natural sunlight. Under natural sunlight irradiation over the TiO(2) suspension, approximately ...

A novel microorganism, designated as LG12, was isolated from soil based on its ability to use acrylic acid as the sole carbon source. An electron microscopic analysis of its morphological characteristics and phylogenetic classification by 16S rRNA homology showed that the LG12 strain belongs to Rhodococcus erythropolis. R. erythropolis LG12 ...

Biodegradation is a potentially important loss process for haloacetic acids (HAAs), a class of chlorination byproducts, in water treatment and distribution systems, but little is known about the organisms involved (i.e., identity, substrate range, biodegradation kinetics). In this research, 10 biomass samples (i.e., tap water, distribution system biofilms, and prechlorinated ...

alpha-Lipoic acid (LA) is the one of the strongest antioxidants to be utilized in supplement, skin ointment and so on. The distorted five membered dithiolane ring of LA, which is necessary structure to work as a cofactor of enzyme, is considerably vulnerable to UV irradiation. LA is easily decomposed by ...

Mineralization of a synthetic effluent containing 50% COD as oleic acid was achieved in a continuous anaerobic reactor at organic loading rates up to 21 kg COD m(-3) day(-1), HRT of 9 h, attaining 99% of COD removal efficiency and a methane yield higher than 70%. A maximum specific methane ...

Branched polyesters composed of poly(L-lactide)s (PLLAs) and 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid (DHCA) were obtained by the thermal melt-polycondensation of 3,4-diacetoxycinnamic acid (DACA)-terminally conjugated PLLAs (DACA-PLLAs). The chemical structures of the DHCA/PLLA polyesters were confirmed by FT-IR and (1)H NMR measurements. All of the polyesters showed high photoreactivities independent of LLA content. Furthermore, ...

Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) powder, a semiconductor material typically used as a photocatalyst, is prepared following an acid-catalyzed sol-gel method starting from titanium isopropoxide. The xerogel calcination temperature is used to control surface and morphological properties of the material. Materials are extensively characterized by spectroscopic, micrographic and calorimetric techniques. The different ...

Al and Fe modified silicates were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The obtained materials were calcined at different temperatures (250, 500 and 750 degrees C) and characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV and SEM spectroscopy. The obtained materials were applied for the photo-decolorization of acid red 44 as a member of ...

It was of interest to investigate the solid-state acidity using indicator probe molecules and sucrose degradation. Amorphous samples containing lactose, sucrose, buffers (citrate, malate, tartarate, or phosphate) with different pH values, and sodium chloride (to adjust the ionic strength) were prepared by freeze-drying. The lyophiles were characterized using powder X-ray ...

A low, but significant, fraction of the carbohydrate portion of herbaceous biomass may be composed of fructose/fructosyl-containing components ("fructose equivalents"); such carbohydrates include sucrose, fructooligosaccharides, and fructans. Standard methods used for the quantification of structural-carbohydrate-derived neutral monosaccharide equivalents in biomass are not particularly well suited for the quantification of fructose ...

Efficient intracellular processes including cytosolic release and unpackaging of siRNA from the carrier in the cytoplasm are efficiency-determining steps in achieving successful gene silencing. In this study, acid-degradable ketalized linear polyethylenimine (KL-PEI) was synthesized for efficient, intracellular target-specific, and biocompatible siRNA delivery. The siRNA/KL-PEI polyplexes resulted in much higher RNA ...

We examined the role of microorganisms in the degradation of the organophosphorus (OP) insecticide chlorpyrifos (CP) during kimchi fermentation. During the fermentation of kimchi, 30 mg L(-1) of CP was added and its stability assayed during fermentation. CP was degraded rapidly until day 3 (83.3%) and degraded completely by day ...

Removal of azo dyes from effluent generated by textile industries is rather difficult. Azo dyes represent a major class of synthetic colorants that are mutagenic and carcinogenic. Pseudomonas aeruginosa grew well in the presence of Remazol Orange (RO) and was able to decolorize and degrade it. In the present study, ...

Wheat straw, an important papermaking raw material in China, was treated with a white-rot fungus of Phanerochaete chrysosporium ME446, and the lipophilic and hydrophilic extractives from the control and bio-treated samples were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Bio-treatment of wheat straw could alter the chemical composition of both the lipophylic ...

Four diastereomers of betamethasone 17-deoxy-20-hydroxy-21-oic acid were found to be degradants of betamethasone sodium phosphate when the latter was stressed by heat under the solid state. The structure elucidation of these four diastereomers was achieved by a combination of LC-MS(n) (n = 1-3), various 1D and 2D NMR experiments, and ...

The sustainable and practical degradation of intact chicken feathers by a newly isolated thermophilic bacterium Meiothermus ruber H328 was presented with extensive data. Aerobic cultivation with moderately thermophilic strain H328 at 55 degrees C for 6 days led to the apparently complete decay of the truly intact feathers and provided ...

High cost of triacylglycerol lipid feedstock is the major barrier for commercial production of biodiesel. The fermentation of oleaginous yeasts for lipid production using lignocellulose biomass provides a practical option with high economic competitiveness. In this paper, the typical oleaginous yeast strains were screened under the pressure of lignocellulose degradation ...

The biological decolorization methodology and the mechanism involved in the degradation of Acid Red 66 was chosen as a model of azo dye using the white rot fungi Trametes versicolor was studied. Biodecolorization of Acid Red 66 using white rot fungi T. versicolor was demonstrated by the decolorization of the ...

Ozonation of aqueous solution of Procion red MX-5B, a commercial azo reactive dye was investigated. The effect of various experimental variables on decolorization and degradation of the dye has been studied. Color removal was faster than organic removal. Dye mineralization was evident by the generation of sulphate, chloride, nitrate, oxalic ...

A lab-scale anaerobic filter process was operated for the treatment of purified terephthalic acid (PTA) wastewater, and the influences of organic loading disturbances on the process performance were investigated. After about 15 month operation, the COD removal efficiency was maintained at 79% under the volumetric loading rate of 5.05 kg-COD/m3/d ...

The solvent extractable organic compounds (SEOC), including n-alkanes, polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons, fatty acids, and dicarboxylic acids in PM2.5 during the 2007 Chinese Spring Festival in Beijing, were measured via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determining the characteristics and sources of these organic pollutants. The concentrations of total n-alkanes, PAHs, and organic ...

Advanced oxidation processes assisted with natural solar radiation in CPC type reactors (parabolic collector compound), was applied for the degradation of three azo dyes: acid orange (AO7), acid red 151 (AR151) and acid blue 113 (AB113). Fenton, Fenton like and ferrioxalate-type complexes showed to be effective for degrade the azo ...

In this work, we report the rapid photoreductive debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) byTiO2. The degradation of BDE209 is a stepwise process, and the bromines at the ortho positions are much more susceptible than those at the para positions. The photocatalytic degradation kinetics of BDE209 was further investigated under different ...

Acid violet 7, a sulfonated azo dye was degraded by Pseudomonas putida mt-2 in mineral medium at concentrations up to 200 mg/L. The genotoxicity of AV7 and its biodegradation extracts was evaluated by using the DNA-strand scission assay. No genotoxicity was observed, even with or without exposition to UV irradiation, ...

The photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) was carried out using TiO2 supported on activated carbon (TiO2-AC) under microwave irradiation. Composite catalyst TiO2-AC was prepared and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). In the process of microwave-enhanced photocatalysis (MPC), RhB (30 mg/L) was almost ...

Abiotic degradability of four phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in the aquatic phase was evaluated over a wide pH range 5-9. The PAE solutions in glass test tubes were placed either in the dark and under the natural sunlight irradiation for evaluating the degradation rate via hydrolysis or photolysis plus hydrolysis, ...

In this study, use of the covalent enzyme immobilization method was proposed to attach cholesterol oxidase (ChO) on a conducting polymer, poly(3-thiopheneacetic acid), [poly(3-TPAA)]. Three red-orange poly(3-TPAA) films, named electrodes A, B and C, were electropolymerized on a platinum electrode by applying a constant current of 1.5 mA, for 5, ...

The degradation of 1,2,3-, 1,3,5- and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) by the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor was studied. Time course experiments showed a degradation rate of 2.27 and 2.49 nmol d(-1)mg(-1) dry weight of biomass during the first 4d of incubation in cultures spiked with 6 mg L(-1) of 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-TCB, ...

The guava seed (SEGUVE) was characterized by ultimate and proximate analysis. In SEGUVE the principal thermal effect occurred at 363 degrees C and this can be attributed to the cellulose degradation, which was the main component ( approximately 61%). The guava seed has an acidic character with a high content ...

Azaspiracids (AZAs) are a group of shellfish toxins that were discovered in mussels from Irish waters in 1995. Because of the rare occurrence of poisoning incidents, the toxicity of the compounds is a continued matter of debate. Neither their mechanism of action nor their pharmacokinetic behavior has been elucidated, principally ...