Antioxidant potential of Aspergillus candidus MTCC 2202 broth filtrate extract was studied using different antioxidant models, whereas anti-inflammatory potential was studied using carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema model. The ethyl acetate extract at 1000 microg/ml showed maximum scavenging activity of the stable radical 1,1-diphenyl,2-picryl hydrazyl upto 96.65% (IC50=430.36 microg/ml) and scavenging ...

Salvia hierosolymitana (Lamiaceae) leaves were investigated for their topical anti-inflammatory properties following a bioassay-guided fractionation. The chloroform extract showed a strong inhibition of the Croton oil-induced ear oedema in mice, comparable to that of indomethacin. Phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of this extract led to the isolation of eight anti-inflammatory polyhydroxylated ...

Nidus Vespae is the honeycomb of Polistes Olivaceous (De Geer), P. Japonicus Saussure, and Parapolybiavaria Fabricius. It is known to have a number of pharmacological effects, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, anti-tumor and anesthetic properties. The present study evaluated the antimicrobial activity and acid inhibition properties of extracts and chemical fractions ...

Leaf extracts of Ugni molinae Turcz. are used in the Chilean cosmetic industry on the assumption that they have decongestant, regenerative, and anti-aging properties. A bioassay-guided fractionation of this plant material showed that some extracts have potent anti-inflammatory activities. Further fractionation led to the isolation and identification of betulinic acid, ...

This report describes the isolation and characterization of kalanchosine dimalate (KMC), an anti-inflammatory salt from the fresh juice of the aerial parts of Kalanchoe brasiliensis. KMC comprises the new metabolite kalanchosine (1) and malic acid (2) in a 1:2 stoichiometric ratio. Kalanchosine (1), 3,6-diamino-4,5-dihydroxyoctanedioic acid, is the first naturally occurring ...

The anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects and sedative activities of the ethyl acetate fraction of Cynanchum paniculatum (EACP) were evaluated in mice and rats by acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, arachidonic acid-induced paw edema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation, formalin-induced licking time, acetic acid-induced writhing response, and pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. EACP at a ...

Fifteen novel 1-(substituted phenylcarbonyl/sulfonylamino)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro- pyridine-5-carboxylic acid diethylamide (7, 15) were synthesized in fair to good yields via sodium borohydride reduction of the corresponding 1-(substituted phenylcarbonyl/ sulfonylimino)-3-diethylcarbamoyl pyridinium ylides (6, 14) in absolute ethanol.

This study was undertaken to produce the clinical merits of two natural antinociceptive anti-inflammatory triterpenoids which synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs do not have. The triterpenoid glycoside niga-ichigoside F1 (NIF1) and its aglycone 23-hydroxytormentic acid (23-HTA), which were isolated from the unripe fruits of Rubus coreanus (Rosaceae), reduced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) factor ...

Betulin (lup-20(29)-ene-3beta,28-diol) is an abundant naturally occurring triterpene and it is found predominantly in bushes and trees forming the principal extractive (up to 30% of dry weight) of the bark of birch trees. Presently, there is no significant use for this easily isolable compound, which makes it a potentially important ...

In this work we present an easy and low cost in vitro filter trap assay to quickly identify direct actors on amyloid prion aggregation. We chose the recombinant purified prion protein HET-s from Podospora anserina as a reference. HET-s was labelled with a fluorophore prior to aggregation assays in a ...

The aerial parts of Crotalaria emarginella Vatke (Leguminosae) has afforded two triterpenes, characterized as 3alpha-hydroxy-arbor-12-ene-28-carboxylic acid, designated as crotalic acid (1), and 2beta,3beta,21-trihydroxy-arbor-12-ene-29-carboxylic acid, designated as emarginellic acid (2). The structures of the isolated products were elucidated on the basis of spectral and chemical studies. On screening the biological activity, ...

In recent years, the Carica papaya lipase (CPL) is attracting more and more interest. This hydrolase, being tightly bonded to the water-insoluble fraction of crude papain, is thus considered as a "naturally immobilized" biocatalyst. To date, several CPL applications have already been described: (i) fats and oils modification, derived from ...

Ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) are triterpenoid compounds found in food, medicinal herbs and various other plants in free form or bound to glycosides. Both substances are known for their antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antiviral and cytotoxic activities. In the present study, we evaluated the antimutagenic potential of ...

Essential fatty acids (EFAs)--linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) are critical for human survival. EFAs are readily available in the diet. But, to derive their full benefit, EFAs need to be metabolized to their respective long-chain metabolites. EFAs not only form precursors to respective prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), and ...

Boswellic acids are the main well-known active components of the resin of Boswellia carteri (Burseraceae) and these are still dealing with the ethnomedicinal use for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases. Although several studies have already been reported on the pharmacological properties, especially on the anti-inflammatory activity, ...

The aggregation of alpha-synuclein (alphaS) in the brain has been implicated as a critical step in the development of Lewy body diseases (LBD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Various antioxidants not only inhibit the formation of beta-amyloid fibrils (fAbeta), but also destabilize preformed fAb in vitro. Using fluorescence spectroscopy with ...

The analgesic activity of nine substituted N-pyrrolylcarboxylic acids, previously reported as anti-inflammatory agents, has been evaluated. The effects on nociception were examined in male Wistar rats by the Randall-Selitto paw-pressure test. The compounds were administrated in doses 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg both i.p. and p.o. As a whole, the ...

In order to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic effect of natural compounds via the inhibition of alpha-glucosidase (AGH), the potential inhibitory effect of anthocyanins, caffeic acid analogs, and caffeoylquinic acid analogs have been reviewed. A new AGH assay system to mimic the membrane-bound AGH at the small intestine was proposed and evaluated.

AMP-deaminase (EC 3.5.4.6) is an enzyme responsible for stabilising adenylate energy changes. The properties of this enzyme are controlled by various ligands of hydrophobic nature. An investigation of enzyme activity alterations under the influence of natural phenolic acids (tannic, ellagic and gallic) which are soluble in water, could evidence the ...

Our recent study demonstrated that the dimeric structure of alpha-truxillic acid derivatives played an important role in the expression of their anti-inflammatory activities. In the present report, to investigate the correlation between the structure and anti-inflammatory activity, alpha-truxillic acid (1) and its derivatives (2-6), beta-truxinic acid (7) and its derivatives ...

The vancomycin-type glycopeptide antibiotic balhimycin (I) and its dehaloanalogue dechlorobalhimycin (III), which is characterized by the total substitution of the two chlorine atoms of I by hydrogen, were employed as chiral selectors for the enantioresolution of 11 racemic dansyl amino acids and six 2-arylpropionic acid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory racemic drugs by ...

The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of hyperbaric oxygen alone and in combination with 5-aminosalicylic acid in the acetic acid-induced colitis model, a well-known experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease in rats. Rats were randomly divided into five groups. In the noncolitis control group, rats were ...

The ethanol extract of a biannual medicinal herb, Youngia japonica (commonly known as Oriental hawk's beard) was reported previously to have potent antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cultured in HEp-2 cells. Three anti-microbial agents, namely 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside were subsequently purified and chemically characterized from ...

A procedure was developed for the covalent coupling of anti-alpha-fetoprotein antibody (anti-AFP) to a gold surface modified with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of thiourea (TU). The performance of the SAM-antibody layer was compared to those of similar layers based on thioctic acid (TA) and 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) by using flow ...

Protectin D1, neuroprotectin D1 when generated by neural cells, is a member of a new family of bioactive products generated from docosahexaenoic acid. The complete stereochemistry of protectin D1 (10,17S-docosatriene), namely, chirality of the carbon-10 alcohol and geometry of the conjugated triene, required for bioactivity remained to be assigned. To ...

Azelaic acid (AzA) is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid that has a long and complex history in the treatment of skin disorders. We summarize research on AzA from the past 25 years and follow its progress from a treatment of hyperpigmentation to a therapy for acne vulgaris and inflammatory (papulopustular) ...

Topical azelaic acid (AzA) is approved for the treatment of acne vulgaris and inflammatory (papulopustular) rosacea. Because of diverse mechanisms of action that correlate with potential therapeutic benefit, AzA has been used to treat several common dermatoses including acne vulgaris, inflammatory rosacea, erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, perioral dermatitis, melasma, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. ...

Tannic acid, present in almost every food derived from plants, has been widely investigated as a chemopreventive agent because, apart from its use as a food additive, pharmacological studies have demonstrated its many health-promoting properties. In this study, we show the modulatory effect of tannic acid on 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF)-mediated hepatic ...

The European Union has regulated the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in animal production and requires its member states to detect their residues in different matrices. In this work, a detailed MS and MS/MS study by ion-trap mass spectrometry of fourteen NSAIDs is described. Two multi-residue reversed-phase LC/ESI-MS/MS methods ...

Triterpenoids are natural compounds that are found in a large variety of plants and vegetarian foods, and are used for medicinal purposes in many Asian countries. Pentacyclic triterpenes, such as ursolic acid, have been reported to exhibit anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study was designed to assess the effects ...

Glycine is a non-essential amino acid which is cheap, easily available and relatively non-toxic. It is composed of a single carbon attached to an amino and a carboxyl group, with a molecular weight of 75. It is involved in the production of bile, nucleic acids, porphyrins and creatine phosphate. It ...

Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schumach. And Thonn) Taub, Mimosaceae, commonly known as Aridan (fruit), A single stemmed, robust, perennial tree of about 30 m. It has a grey/brown, smooth/rough bark with glabrous yound branchlets. The flower is yellow/pink and racemes white the fruit has dark brown, four winged pods 12-25 x 3.5-6.5 ...

The diesters of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic (phthalic) acid, commonly known as phthalates, are a family of industrial compounds, primarily used as plasticizers in enormous quantities for a variety of industrial uses in the formulation of plastics. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most commonly used plasticizer. These plasticizers are not covalently bound to ...

Hippophae (Sea buckthorn) is a deciduous species, widely distributed throughout the world. Its important products are whole berries, leaves, juice and oil. The last two give this plant a shining name and position in medicinal plants. They contain different kinds of nutrients and bioactive substances such as vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids, ...

The essential oil from Satureja Khuzestanica Jamzad (SKEO), an endemic plant from Iran, was evaluated for its activity against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). SKEO was examined on the experimental mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease, which is acetic acid-induced colitis. Prednisolone was used as the standard drug for comparison. Biochemical, ...

In an attempt to discover anti-HIV agents with much reduced cytotoxicity from the currently available HIV-reverse transcriptase inhibitors, AZT conjugates of cholanic acids, 2-imidazolidone-4-carboxylic acid and its derivatives, and N,N'-disubstituted 5-hydroxy-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ones have been synthesized and their anti-HIV profiles determined with CEM-SS cell line. The AZT conjugates with 2-imidazolidone-4-carboxylic acid and ...

Tau protein pathology in Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the hyperphosphorylation of tau at some specific sites. One of these sites is serine 422 which modification has been correlated with a possible toxic effect of phosphotau in neural cells. In this work, we have found that in the presence of ...

The interaction of a haze-active protein (gliadin) and a haze-active polyphenol (tannic acid) was studied in a model beer system in order to investigate the principle mechanisms of haze formation at low temperatures. Low concentrations (g/L) of tannic acid, high concentrations of gliadin, and comparatively high temperatures lead to maximum ...

PURPOSE: To compare the chemotactic activity induced by polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylic, and silicone intraocular lens (IOL) materials, regardless of the surgical and host factors. METHODS: The chemotactic effect of five different IOLs was studied using a modified multi-well Boyden chamber. Two different non-coated PMMA IOLs, a heparin-coated PMMA IOL, ...

The discovery of drugs for the treatment of inflammatory allergic diseases such as, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis is a very important subject in human health. Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid), a polyphenyl natural products from gallnut and green tea, is known to have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and radical scavenging activities. ...

BACKGROUND: Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids given orally may reduce the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and hereby downregulate the inflammatory process. AIM: To assess the effects of enteral fatty acids, in the form of Impact Powder (Novartis, Switzerland), as adjuvant ...

OC-108 is a novel sclerosing agent for hemorrhoids, containing aluminum potassium sulfate (alum) and tannic acid as its main ingredients. In clinical studies, OC-108 injection therapy for severe internal hemorrhoids proved to be highly effective, not only on bleeding but also for prolapse, and the effects were comparable to hemorrhoidectomy. ...

We have designed and synthesized a series of novel molecules having a residue of a classical NSAID and an antioxidant moiety, both attached through amide bonds to a known nootropic structure, an L-proline, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline or DL-pipecolinic acid residue. The compounds were found to retain anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, to acquire ...

Ipomoea cairica L. Sweet (Convolvulaceae) is used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatism and inflammations. Ipomoea cairica ethanolic extract (100, 300, 1000 and 3000 mg/kg; per os) induced dose-dependent reduction of response in the formalin test inflammatory phase in mice. The same dose range did not modify ...

Helicases are molecular motors which unwind double-stranded nucleic acids (dsNA) in cells. Many helicases move with directional bias on single-stranded (ss) nucleic acids, and couple their directional translocation to strand separation. A model of the coupling between translocation and unwinding uses an interaction potential to represent passive and active helicase ...

Leontice smirnowii is a member of the Berberidaceae family. We have recently reported the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, reducing power and metal chelating activities of L. smirnowii products. In the current study we investigated the possible effects of the crude extracts of L. smirnowii ...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are syndromes of aging that share analogous lesions and risk factors, involving lipoproteins, oxidative damage and inflammation. Unlike in CVD, in AD, sensitive biomarkers are unknown, and high-risk groups are understudied. To identify potential prevention strategies in AD, we have focused on pre-clinical ...

A new prenylated salicylic acid derivative, 3-farnesyl-2-hydroxy benzoic acid (1), was isolated from the leaves of Piper multiplinervium C. DC. (Piperaceae). It showed anti-Helicobacter pylori activity (MIC 37.5 microg/ml) and antimicrobial activity at MICs between 2.5 and 5 microg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ...

Six derivatives of the general formula 2- or 4-(7-trifluoromethylquinolin-4-ylamino) benzoic acid N'-(nitrooxyacetyl or propionyl) hydrazide and an oxime of the formula 1-[4-(7-trifluoromethylquinolin-4-ylamino)phenyl]ethanone oxime were synthesized and tested for their in vivo anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and ulcerogenic properties, as well as their in vitro nitric oxide release ability. Compound 2-(7-trifluoromethylquinolin-4-ylamino)benzoic acid N'-(2-nitrooxy ...

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exert anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities and suppress prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of prostaglandin precursors from arachidonic acid. Epidemiological observations indicate that the long-term treatment of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis with NSAIDs results in reduced risk and delayed ...