Apple quality was investigated in the scab-resistant 'Liberty', 'Santana' and 'Topaz' cultivars and the scab-susceptible 'Golden Delicious' cultivar. Trees subjected to the same crop load were cultivated using either an organic (ORG) or an integrated production (IP) system. Physicochemical properties, phenolic content and sensorial quality of fruit from both systems ...

Surugamides A- E (1-5), cyclic octapeptides with four D-amino acid residues, were isolated from the broth of marine-derived Streptomyces sp. Their planar structures were determined by analyses of spectroscopic data, and the absolute configuration of constituent amino acid residues was determined by the Marfey's method. Differentiation of D-Ile and L-Ile ...

Lactobacillus hammesii converts linoleic acid into an antifungal hydroxy fatty acid. High speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) using a hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water solvent system [3.5:1.5:3:2 (v/v/v/v)] allowed isolation of the antifungal hydroxy fatty acid. A method was developed for characterization of antifungal hydroxy fatty acids using normal phase liquid chromatography combined with ...

The macronutrient and micronutrient compositions of traditional media used to cultivate Lactic Acid Bacteria are largely undefined, which precludes their use in many metabolic bioassays. In order to address this deficiency, we developed MS: a carbohydrate-supplemental semidefined medium with low-background coloration. MS was designed to support the semiselective cultivation of ...

We have utilized in vitro evolution to identify tRNA variants with significantly enhanced activity for the incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins in response to a quadruplet codon in both bacterial and mammalian cells. This approach will facilitate the creation of an optimized and standardized system for the genetic ...

Metabolic labeling of cells using heavy amino acids is most commonly used for relative quantitation; however, partner mass shifts also detail the number of heavy amino acids contained within the precursor species. Here, we use a recently developed metabolic labeling technique, NeuCode (neutron encoding) stable isotope labeling with amino acids ...

Capillary array electrophoresis (CAE) is a promising technique for multiple enantiomeric separations. Carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester (TAMRA SE), a rhodamine-core fluorescent probe, has rarely been applied as an original precolumn derivatization reagent for chiral amino acid (AA) analysis so far. For these purposes, high-throughput enantiomeric separations of 12 TAMRA SE-AAs by ...

A specific objective of this paper was to evaluate seasonal changes in bioactive compounds level (carotenoids and polyphenols) in juice prepared from organic and non-organic tomatoes in Poland. In the examined tomato juice, the content of dry matter, vitamin C, carotenoids as well as polyphenols (by HPLC method) has been ...

Nutrient stress that produces quiescence and catabolism in normal cells is lethal to cancer cells, because oncogenic mutations constitutively drive anabolism. One driver of biosynthesis in cancer cells is the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling complex. Activating mTORC1 by deleting its negative regulator tuberous sclerosis complex 2 ...

In this study, citric acid production from extract of Jerusalem artichoke tubers by the genetically engineered yeast Yarrowia lipolytica strain 30 was investigated. After the compositions of the extract of Jerusalem artichoke tubers for citric acid production were optimized, the results showed that natural components of extract of Jerusalem artichoke ...

Boronic acids are important in the organic and biological arenas. Thus, their identification and characterization are important. ESI-MS is a well-known tool for such uses. Herein we report a systematic analysis of the chemical behavior of arylboronic acids under ESI-MS conditions. Such information will be very critical to understanding the ...

A novel bromoquinolinium reagent, i.e., 1-(3-aminopropyl)-3-bromoquinolinium bromide (APBQ), was synthesized for the analysis of carboxylic acids. A simple and practical pre-column derivatization procedure using the APBQ in reversed-phase chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) has been developed using bile acids and free fatty acids, as the representative carboxylic acids in biological ...

This work concentrates on extending the utilization of multiple dual mode counter-current chromatography in chiral separations. Two aromatic acids, 2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl) propionic acid and 2-phenylpropionic acid, were enantioseparated by multiple dual mode counter-current chromatography using hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector. The two-phase solvent systems consisting of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-0.1 mol L(-1) phosphate buffer ...

Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae), commonly known as Ashwagandha, is one of the most valued Indian medicinal plant with several pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Metabolic profiling was performed by GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy on the fruits obtained from four chemotypes of W. somnifera. A combination of (1)H NMR spectroscopy and ...

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are essential membrane components of eukaryotic cells. Recently, a new type of fungal neogala-series GSL was identified in aureobasidin A-resistant fungi. In this study, we analyzed GSLs from four pathogenic fungal strains belonging to the order Hypocreales, and found that Mariannaea elegans contained both acidic GSLs and neutral ...

Teratosphaeria acidotherma AIU BGA-1 isolated from an acidic and high temperature hot spring produced four intracellular β-d-galactosidases with different pH activity profiles, in which three forms were acidophilic and stable from extremely acidic to neutral pH region. The other one was alkalophilic and unstable in the acidic pH region.

This paper reports the synthesis and the application of novel derivatization reagents possessing a pyridylthiourea structure for the enantiospecific determination of chiral amines and carboxylic acids in high-throughput LC-ESI-MS/MS. The novel reagents, i.e., (R)-N-(3-pyridylthiocarbamoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (PyT-C) and (S)-3-amino-1-(3-pyridylthiocarbamoyl)pyrrolidine (PyT-N), were evaluated as chiral derivatization reagents for the enantiomeric determination of ...

Aqueous solutions of 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPTCD) were successfully employed in treatment of cotton fabrics to bring multiple functions onto the cotton cellulose. The overall reaction mechanism of the chemical finishing process was investigated. Results revealed that the dianhydride groups of BPTCD were hydrolyzed to tetracarboxylic acid groups, and the ...

With the aim to develop an ecologically viable catalytic pathway for furfural production without the use of inorganic acids, H3PW12O40, Amberlyst-5 and NKC-9 (macroporous styrene-based sulfonic acid resin) were used as catalysts for producing furfural from xylose, xylan and lignocellulosic biomass in [BMIM]Cl under microwave irradiation at atmospheric pressure. A ...

Drinking or gargling Salvia officinalis L. infusion (sage infusion) is thought to soothe a sore throat, tonsillitis, and inflamed, red gums, although structure-based scientific evidence for the key anti-inflammatory compounds in sage infusion is scarce. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) were treated with sage infusion (SI) or SI fractions containing either ...

Enzymatic browning is generally reported as the reaction between phenolic substances and enzymes. The quality of iceberg lettuce is directly linked to this discoloration. In particular, the color change of lettuce stems considerably reduces consumer acceptance and thus decreases sales revenue of iceberg lettuce. Ten phenolic compounds (caffeic acid, chlorogenic ...

A new tetracyclic triterpenoid compound named as mastichinoic acid A (1) was isolated from Mastich. The structure was established as 3,7-dioxo-11β-hydroxy-5α-tirucalla-8,24(Z)-dien-26-oic acid by various spectroscopic techniques including MS, 1D, and 2D NMR and HRTOFMS.

A chemical study of the lichen Ramalina siliquosa complex found in Brittany was conducted. Eight chemotypes were considered and their chemical composition was elucidated for the first time by LC-MS analysis. Ten main compounds were identified: conhypoprotocetraric acid (1), salazinic acid (2), peristictic acid (3), cryptostictic acid (4), protocetraric acid ...

Oxidized fatty acids formed via lipid peroxidation are implicated in pathological processes such as inflammation and atherosclerosis. A number of methods may be used to detect specific oxidized fatty acids containing a single or multiple combinations of epoxide, hydroxyl, ketone and hydroperoxide moieties on varying carbon chain lengths from C8 ...

As part of our chemical screening program for new microbial secondary metabolites, we discovered a new compound, JBIR-107 (1), from the culture of Streptomyces tateyamensis NBRC 105047 isolated from a marine sponge sample. Extensive NMR and MS spectroscopic data enabled the structure of 1 to be determined as 5-acetamido-6-(4-(methyl(2-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)amino)phenyl)-4-oxohexanoic acid.

The efficiency of different white wine antioxidant systems in preventing aldehyde production from amino acids by oxidative processes is not well understood. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of sulphur dioxide alone and in combination with either glutathione, ascorbic acid or its stereoisomer erythorbic acid, in ...

OBJECTIVES: Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative and demyelinating disease of central nervous system. High levels of oxidative stress are associated with inflammation and play an important role in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. This double-blind, randomized controlled clinical study was carried out to determine the effect of daily consumption of lipoic ...

In-situ measurements of organic compounds in both gas and particle phases were made with a Thermal desorption Aerosol Gas chromatograph (TAG) instrument. The gas/particle partitioning of phthalic acid, pinonaldehyde and 6, 10, 14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone is discussed in detail to explore secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation mechanisms. Measured fractions in the particle ...

Tobacco leaves obtained from different geographical regions in China were profiled using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with multivariate data analyses. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the tobacco metabolome was clearly dependent on geographical origins; climatic conditions, such as temperature, precipitation, and temperature, imposed ...

Glu, Gln, Pro, and Ala are the main amino acids involved in ammonia detoxification in mosquitoes. In order to develop a tandem mass spectrometry method (MS(2)) to monitor each carbon of the above isotopically-labeled (13)C-amino acids for metabolic studies, the compositions and origins of atoms in fragments of the protonated ...

A new polyacetylene carboxylic acid named montiporic acid D (1) was isolated along with a known polyacetylene alcohol, (Z)-13,15-hexadecadien-2,4-diyn-1-ol (2) from scleractinian coral Montipora digitata. The structures of compounds were determined by analyses of NMR and MS spectra.

Guizhi decoction (GZD) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula, clinically used for the treatment of influenza, common cold, and other pyretic conditions. A sensitive, specific, and validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of cinnamic acid, hippuric acid, paeoniflorin, and glycyrrhetic acid ...

In potato tuber, caffeic acid (the predominant hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA)), its conjugates (HCAcs; i.e. chlorogenic acid (ChA), crypto-ChA, and neo-ChA), and anthocyanin-linked HCAs have been extensively described in the literature. In contrast, only little information is available on the occurrence of other HCAcs and didydrohydroxycinnamic acid conjugates (DHCAcs). Fifteen Colombian ...

Approaches for the unambiguous identification of lipophilic arsenic species in Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp) have been studied. Parallel use of high resolution ICP-MS and ESI-MS after separation revealed that Saccharina latissima contained three distinct classes of lipophilic As-species, a family of arsenic containing phospholipids (AsPL), all including As in the ...

Sophorolipids (SLs) were synthesized by Wickerhamiella domercqiae var. sophorolipid CGMCC 1576 grown on fish oil and glucose. They were purified using preparative HPLC and their structures were identified by MS/MS. The yields of total and lactonic SLs were 47 and 19 g l(-1) in shake-flasks when fish oil 4 % (v/v) was used ...

N-(1-Methyl-4-oxoimidazolidin-2-ylidene) α-amino acids were recently identified in roasted meat as so far unknown advanced glycation end products (AGEs) of creatinine. For the first time, this paper reports on the preparation of 13C-labelled twin molecules of six N-(1-methyl-4-oxoimidazolidin-2-ylidene) α-amino acids and the development of a stable isotope dilution analysis (SIDA) for ...

Basidiomycetes that cause brown rot of wood are essential biomass recyclers in coniferous forest ecosystems and a major cause of failure in wooden structures. Recent work indicates that distinct lineages of brown rot fungi have arisen independently from ligninolytic white rot ancestors via loss of lignocellulolytic enzymes. Brown rot thus ...

A full characterization of sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (SQDGs) in the lipid extract of spinach leaves has been achieved using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry (MS). Low-energy collision-induced dissociation tandem MS (MS/MS) of the deprotonated species [M - H](-) was exploited for a detailed study of sulfolipid fragmentation. Losses of neutral fatty ...

A new hopene-type triterpenoid, namely sonhafouonic acid 1a was isolated from Zehneria scabra camerunensis, together with eight known compounds. The structure of 1a was established by extensive NMR and high resolution MS techniques and confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compound 1a exhibited inhibitory activity against mycelial growth of two ...

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (RP-LC/ESI-MS/MS) was used to study the fatty acid profile from the oil of harvested field pea (Pisum sativum) varieties as part of a research project to develop this legume as a commercial oilseed for Canada. The seed oils from pea ...

The formation of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) at the beginning of the pathway is the rate limiting step of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and target of multiple timely and spatially organized control mechanisms. Recent discovery of a glutamyl-tRNA reductase-binding protein (GluTRBP), reveals a new insight in the topology of regulation of plant ALA ...

Native polysaccharide from pineapple gum (PANP) was obtained following alkaline extraction of gum and fractionation with cetylpyridinium chloride. It was characterized as a glucuronoarabinoxylan using NMR, methylation data, controlled Smith degradation, carboxy-reduction, and ESI-MS of oligosaccharides produced on mild acid hydrolysis of PANP. HSPEC-MALLS-RI of carboxy-reduced fraction showed homogeneous profile ...

To create strains that have high productivity of lactic acid without neutralization, a genome-wide screening for strains showing hyper-resistance to 6% l-lactic acid (pH 2.6) was performed using the gene deletion collection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We identified 94 genes whose disruption led to resistance to 6% lactic acid in rich ...

Alpha-tocopherol is the main vitamin E compound in humans, and has important antioxidative and immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was to study alpha-tocopherol concentrations and their relationship to disease activity in Norwegian multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Prospective cohort study in 88 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients, originally included in ...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive fatal neurodegenerative disease characterised by loss of motor neurons that currently has no cure. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have many health benefits including neuroprotective and myoprotective potential. We tested the hypothesis that a high level of dietary EPA ...

Molecular surveillance of HRSV in Belgium for 15 consecutive seasons (1996-2011) revealed a shift from a regular 3-yearly cyclic pattern, into a yearly alternating periodicity where HRSV-B is replaced by HRSV-A. Phylogenetic analysis for HRSV-A demonstrated the stable circulation of GA2 and GA5, with GA2 being dominant over GA5 during ...

Aerial and underground parts of Geum rivale (Rosaceae) were investigated. Tiliroside, gallic acid, ellagic acid and a sterol fraction were isolated from aerial parts of the plant. The sterol fraction was analyzed using GC-MS. Eleven phenolic acids were identified in aerial parts of the plant, and eight in underground parts, ...

Pyranochromanone acids isolated from Calophyllum species have shown a variety of biological potentialities including antioxidant, antiulcer, anticancer and anti-Helicobacter pylori activities. These compounds seem to be the main constituents of Cuban Calophyllum species together xanthones and biflavonoids. Recently, the pyranochromanone acids calophyllic acid, isocalophyllic acid, apetalic acid, calolongic acid, isoapetalic ...

Thermal processing can promote reactions that change the structure of food constituents, often by unknown mechanisms, such as those occurring in arabinose residues of coffee arabinogalactan side chains. Aiming to know more about these modifications, the structurally related α-(1→5)-l-arabinotriose was roasted at 200°C and the products obtained were identified by ...

We report pK(a) values with measurement uncertainties for all labile protons of the 27 tri-peptides prepared from the amino acids glutamic acid (E), glycine (G) and histidine (H). Each tri-peptide (GGG, GGE, GGH, …, HHH) was subjected to alkali titration and pK(a) values were calculated from triplicate potentiometric titrations data ...