Melamine might be degraded into cyanuric acid and some other analogs by the rumen microorganism. Thus, the metabolism of melamine in ruminants may be different from that in monogastric animals. The objective of this study was to investigate the pathway for the elimination of melamine in lactating dairy cows. Four ...

Objective: To investigate the effects of different acids and etching times on the bond strength of glass fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) posts to composite core material. Method and Materials: Twenty-six FRC posts (FRC Postec Plus) were randomly divided into 13 groups (each n = 2). One group received no surface treatment ...

A potential utilization of dietary intervention for reducing hyperuricemia was tested by managing food materials. Within the framework of the Japanese Government's health promotion program, we made recipes that consisted of more protein-rich and less vegetable/fruit-rich materials for the acidic diet and others composed of less protein-rich and more vegetable/fruit-rich ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of fish oil in the dietary management of hypercalciuric stone formers. Prostaglandins have been linked to urinary calcium excretion, suggesting a role for omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of hypercalciuric urolithiasis. METHODS: We retrospectively studied a cohort of patients treated at our stone clinics ...

Context and Objective:Dietary intake of animal proteins is associated with an increase in urinary calcium and nephrolithiasis risk. We tested the hypothesis that the acid load imposed by dietary proteins causes this hypercalciuria.Design and Setting:In a short-term crossover metabolic study, an alkali salt was provided with a high-protein diet (HPD) ...

Objective: To identify the optimal method of submission of canine and feline urine for bacterial culture. Methods: Cystocentesis samples from 250 animals (200 dogs, 50 cats) suspected of having urinary tract infections were collected. The reference aliquot, without preservative, was processed on site within 2 hours. Two further aliquots (one ...

With the general tendency that's to say the grouping of laboratories as technical divisions and the accreditation's obligation, the handling of urinary sample preservation's conditions is a major concern. Urinary sample preservation, with or without boric acid, for UF 1000i urinalysis was the purpose of this study. No significant modification was ...

Pyrethroid insecticides have been used for disinsection of commercial aircrafts. However, little is known about the pyrethroids exposure of flight attendants. The objective of the study was to assess pyrethroids exposure of flight attendants working on commercial aircrafts through monitoring the urinary pyrethroids metabolite levels. Eighty four urine samples were ...

BACKGROUND: Evaluate the level of interference of biochemists dosages in the 24-hour urine using or not the 6mol/l HCl acid in different concentrations and conditions and its implications in the most demanded analytes in clinical laboratory. METHODS: Twenty-two volunteers collected three 24-hour urine in 3 conditions: with 5ml/l and 20ml/l ...

A fast, simple and cost-effective one-pot labeling strategy coupled with capillary zone electrophoresis was developed for the complete separation of amino acid mixture. The strategy includes two steps of reactions: Cyanuric chloride was made to react first with 7-amino-1,3-naphthalenedisulfonic acid monopotassium salt at 0°C for 10min, and then with amino ...

Analysis of Concord grape juice by HPLC with ESI-MSn, PDA and fluorescence detection resulted in the identification and quantification of 60 flavonoids and related phenolic compounds which were present at an overall concentration of 1508 ± 31 µmol/L. A total of 25 anthocyanins were detected, which were mono- and di-O-glucosides, ...

Background:  Large amounts of unusual bile acids are synthesized by the fetal liver in late gestation. These compounds mostly are transferred from fetus to mother, though some are excreted into the amniotic fluid. We investigated the role of placental transfer of bile acids in fetal bile acid metabolism, particularly with ...

The agreement between PSSM and geno2pheno as tools for genotypic interpretation of HIV-1 tropism was assessed in 800 clinical specimens. There was an overall concordance of 88%. Disagreement was mostly found in specimens with short V3 lengths (<35 amino acids). Thus, consideration of V3 lengths should improve the predictability of ...

A new electrochemiluminescent (ECL) disposable biosensor for uric acid was manufactured by immobilization in a double-layer design of luminol as a copolymer with 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and the enzyme uricase in chitosan on gold screen-printed cells. The good mechanical and improved electroluminescent characteristics of the new copolymer poly(luminol-TMB) make it possible ...

Objectives To describe urine levels of metabolites of glycol ethers and chlorinated solvents in a sample of pregnant women from the general population, to study their occupational and non-occupational determinants and to compare them with the results of indirect assessment methods of solvent exposure. Methods A sample of 451 pregnant ...

The development of rapid, low-cost and reliable diagnostic methods is crucial for the identification and treatment of many diseases. Screen-printed gold electrodes (Au/SPEs), coated with a ternary monolayer interface, involving hexanedithiol (HDT), a specific thiolated capture probe (SHCP), and 6-mercapto-1 hexanol (MCH) (SHCP/HDT/MCH) are shown here to offer direct and ...

For the first time, the exposure of swimmers and workers to haloacetic acids (HAAs) in indoor and outdoor pools was evaluated through the analysis of urine samples. The subjects of this study, 49 volunteers, were male and female workers as well as swimmers (adults and children) who regularly attended an ...

To assess whether pastes containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSP) protect acid softened enamel against further erosive episodes. Enamel slabs of bovine teeth with preformed erosion-like lesions were randomly assigned to five treatment groups (n = 15): A) CPP-ACP (MI Paste, GC America); B) CPP-ACP+Fluoride ...

Objective: Although allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, its overall effect may be due to the action of oxypurinol, a metabolite of allopurinol and another xanthine oxidase inhibitor, since the biological half-life of oxypurinol is longer than that of allopurinol. Oxypurinol shares a renal transport pathway with uric acid and ...

Red raspberries contain principally anthocyanins and ellagitannins. Following ingestion of raspberries by humans trace levels of anthocyanins, absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract, are excreted in urine in amounts corresponding to <0.1% of intake. Urine also contains urolithin-O-glucuronides derived from colonic metabolism of the ellagitannins. Raspberry feeds with ileostomists show ...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an independent risk factor for uric acid nephrolithiasis, and obesity augments this risk. We carried out this cross-sectional study on 25 patients of T2DM to assess the risk factors for uric acid nephrolithiasis and to assess their relation with components of the metabolic syndrome. ...

The olive tree lacks dormancy and is low temperature sensitive, with differences in cold tolerance and oil quality among genotypes. The oil is produced in the drupe, and the unsaturated fatty acids contribute to its quality. The aim of the present research was to investigate the relationship among development, cold ...

AIM: This in vitro study aimed to compare erosion-like mineral loss following intermittent or continuous acidic exposures, and considered the role that human saliva may play. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 180 bovine enamel blocks were divided randomly into four equally-sized groups and exposed to one of the 4 protocols 6 times ...

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) burns fatty acids for heat production to defend the body against cold and has recently been shown to be present in humans. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) transport lipids in the bloodstream, where the fatty acid moieties are liberated by the action of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Peripheral organs ...

To examine the effect of cold shock treatment on the fatty acid composition of Aurantiochytrium limacinum strain mh0186, a marine thraustochytrid, we cultivated this strain at 28°C for 72 h with shaking and stored the obtained biomass at 10°C for 72 h. A growth experiment was carried out for comparison, ...

Purpose: To evaluate different urinary factors contributing to idiopathic calcium stone disease for determining appropriate medical treatments. Materials and Methods: Two 24-hour urine samples were collected from 106 male recurrent idiopathic calcium stone formers and another 109 randomly selected men as the control group matching for age. Results: Cases had ...

It has been suggested that some food components, such as bioflavonoids, affect the bioavailability of ascorbic acid in humans. Since little is known in Japan about the effective intake of this dietary requirement, we tested young Japanese males after the ingestion of commercial ascorbic acid or acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) ...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify values for net acid base excretion (NABE) which are significant indicators of the acid-base equilibrium in pregnant and young ewes and to show its relationship with other parameters (base, acid, ammonium [NH4], base-acid quotient, sodium [Na], potassium [K], calcium [Ca]) in ...

A metabonomics method using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)HNMR) was applied to obtain a systematic view of the development and progression of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), 26 and 34 characteristic resonances were found respectively in urine and plasma of ovariectomized rats (Variable importance, VIP ...

Cold plasma treatment is used to modify the cellulosic fibers for a variety of applications. The grafting of softwood unbleached (UBP) and bleached (BP) kraft pulp fibers has been performed under the action of cold plasma discharges, using different kinds of fatty acids. The grafted samples are characterized by FTIR ...

Lactulose can be considered as a prebiotic, which is able to stimulate healthy intestinal microflora. In the present work, the use of this ingredient in fermented milk improved quality of skim milk fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Bifidobacterium lactis in co-culture with Streptococcus thermophilus. Compared to ...

A chemo- and diastereoselective protocol for the formal nucleophilic substitution of 2-bromocyclopropylcarboxamides with secondary amides is described. This method allows for convergent and highly selective synthesis of trans-β-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid derivatives.

2-Iodoxybenzoic acid is a convenient reagent for the dehydrogenation of tetrahydro-β-carbolines to their aromatic forms under mild conditions. The utility of the method was demonstrated in a total synthesis of the marine indole alkaloid eudistomin U.

The goal of this study was to explore a new strategy to reduce the digestibility of normal corn starch (NCS). NCS was treated using 1.0% hydrogen chloride at 55 degrees C. After neutralization and desalting, starches were adjusted to 35% moisture content and subjected to autoclaving. Thereafter, starches were subjected ...

α-Glucuronidases of glycoside hydrolase family 115 of the xylose-fermenting yeast Pichia stipitis and wood-destroying fungus Schizophyllum commune liberate 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid residues from aldouronic acids and glucuronoxylan. The specific activities of both enzymes depended on polymerization degree of the acidic xylooligosaccharides and were inhibited by linear β-1,4-xylooligosaccharides. These results suggest interaction ...

The roles of sulfhydryl/disulfide interactions and acid/pepsin hydrolysis on β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) thermal aggregation at acidic pH 3.35 and 2 were studied using rheology, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Western blotting. Pepsin promoted additional hydrolysis compared to the acid-hydrolyzed control sample based on a 12% ...

Crosslinking enzymes are frequently used in bioprocessing of dairy products. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of enzymatic crosslinking on IgE binding, allergenicity and digestion stability of beta-casein (CN). beta-CN was crosslinked by transglutaminase, tyrosinase, mushroom tyrosinase/caffeic acid and laccase/caffeic acid. The IgE binding to beta-CN ...

The effect of cold acclimation and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment on the free amino acid composition was compared in Chinese Spring chromosome 5A substitution lines with different levels of freezing tolerance. The total amino acid content gradually increased during the 3-week cold acclimation period, while the effect of ABA became ...

Photolysis of alpha-diazo-N-methoxy-N-methyl (Weinreb) beta-ketoamides derived from enantiomerically pure (EP) alpha-amino acids affords the corresponding EP beta-lactams via an intramolecular Wolff rearrangement. The photochemistry is promoted with either standard UV irradiation or through the use of a 100 W compact fluorescent light; the latter affords a safe and environmentally friendly ...

Threonine aldolases (TAs) constitute a powerful tool for catalyzing carbon-carbon bond formations in synthetic organic chemistry, thus enabling an enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of beta-hydroxy-alpha-amino acids. Starting from the achiral precursors glycine and an aldehyde, two new stereogenic centres are formed in this catalytic step. The resulting chiral beta-hydroxy-alpha-amino acid ...

This paper reviews recent human studies on the bioavailability of chlorogenic acids in coffee and green tea flavan-3-ols in which the identification of metabolites, catabolites and parent compounds in plasma, urine and ileal fluid was based on mass spectrometric methodology. Both the chlorogenic acids and the flavan-3-ols are absorbed in ...

The phytochemical investigation of the bark of Tectona grandis Linn. afforded a new steroidal glycoside identified as beta-sitosterol-beta-D-[4'-linolenyl-6'-(tridecan-4'''-one-1'''-oxy)] glucuranopyranoside and three new fatty esters, 7'-hydroxy-n-octacosanoyl n-decanoate, 20'-hydroxy eicosanyl linolenate and 18'-hydroxy n-hexacosanyl n-decanoate, along with the known compounds n-docosane, lup-20(29)-en-3beta-ol, betulinic acid and stigmast-5-en-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside. Their stereostructures have been elucidated on ...

A filamentous fungi strain, Aspergillus parasiticus Speare BGB, producing beta-glucuronidase was screened to transform glycyrrhizinic acid (GL) in liquorice into 18-beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). Under the following cultivate conditions in shake flask, 1% GL (purity 30%), medium capacity 40% of flask, the initial pH value at 4.5, cultivate temperature of 32 ...

beta-Carotene is overproduced in the alga Dunaliella salina in response to high light intensities. We have studied the effects of a sudden light increase on carotenoid and fatty acid metabolism using a flat panel photobioreactor that was run in turbidostat mode to ensure a constant light regime throughout the experiments. ...

Synthetic routes have been established for the preparation of regio- and stereoisomerically pure samples of the mono-beta-d-glucuronic acid derivatives of combretastatin A-1, referred to as CA1G1 (5a) and CA1G2 (6a). Judicious choice of protecting groups for the catechol ring was required for the regiospecific introduction of the glucuronic acid moiety. ...

3-Oxo-oleanolic acid (1) was biotransformed in growing cultures of the fungus Absidia glauca, resulting in three novel hydroxylated metabolites, identified as 1β-hydroxy-3-oxo-olean-11-en-28,13-lactone (2), 1β,11α-dihydroxy-3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (3), and 1β,11α,21β-trihydroxy-3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (4).

Subtulene A, a new cyclic lipopeptide, was isolated from the culture broth of Bacillus subtilis SSE4. This antibiotic compound contained the seven common alpha-amino acids, L-Asn-1, D-Tyr-2, D-Asn-3, L-Gln-4, L-Pro-5, D-Asn-6, L-Ser-7 and the unique beta-amino acid-8 present in the iturin family. 1D and 2D NMR, as well as MS ...

In the field of osteoporosis, there has been growing interest in anabolic agents that enhance bone formation. Here, we examined the effects of betulinic acid on cell proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Then, the impact of betulinic acid on signaling pathways known to be implicated in osteoblastogenesis was ...

Cyclic cis-beta-amino Weinreb amides, valuable building blocks for the asymmetric synthesis of cyclic beta-amino acids derivatives, are readily prepared via ring-closing metathesis of sulfinimine-derived N-sulfinyl beta-amino diene Weinreb amides. These unsaturated cyclic cis-beta-amino Weinreb amides are valuable building blocks for the asymmetric synthesis of cyclic beta-amino acid derivatives.

Cationic Pd(II)-catalyzed addition of arylboronic acids to beta,beta-disubstituted enones in high yields was developed. This method provided an efficient method for the construction of quaternary carbon centers, and only 0.5 mol % of Pd(II) catalyst was needed.