There is evidence that the distal intestine participates in the regulation of gastric motor and secretory function. It was the aim of this study to examine in greater detail the effects of ileal nutrient exposure on human gastric acid secretion and to investigate potential intermediary mechanisms. Twelve normal subjects were ...

BACKGROUND: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is an inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. The impact of chronic systemic treatment with EGF on intragastric pH and serum gastrin concentrations has not been investigated previously. METHODS: Goettingen minipigs were treated with human recombinant EGF (hEGF) or placebo for 4 weeks. Once a week ...

In search for inhibitors of gastric H+/K+-ATPase, 4-(phenylamino)quinoline-3-carboxamides were synthesized and evaluated for antisecretory activity against histamine-induced gastric acid secretion in rats. These compounds were synthesized by condensation of aniline derivatives with N-substituted 4-chloroquinoline-3-carboxamides, which were obtained from treatment of 4(1H)-quinolinone-3-carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride. Most of the compounds inhibited ...

The authors studied the changes of gastric acid secretion and determined the levels of somatostatin (SS) and gastrin (Gn) in blood, gastric juice and pyloric antrum in 28 patients Roux-en-Y with cholangiojejunostomy (CJR-Y). Gastric acid hypersecretion was identified, and the level of SS was found dropped while the content of ...

The effects of the hypolipidemic fatty acid analogue tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA) on synthesis and secretion of lipoproteins in CaCo-2 cells were studied. Radiolabeled tetradecylthioacetic acid was absorbed and metabolized as efficiently as oleic acid, although a discrepancy in the metabolic fate was evident. Whereas tetradecylthioacetic acid was incorporated into cell-associated ...

Secretin is an important physiologic regulator of gastric acid and pancreatic bicarbonate secretion. Endogenous prostaglandins play an important intermediary role, because indomethacin pretreatment prevents the physiological actions of secretin. Misoprostol is a prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) analog used for the prevention of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced ulceration. This study sought to ...

In addition to stimulating body growth, GH plays an important role in metabolism. In turn, various products of intermediary metabolism, such as glucose, free fatty acids, dietary proteins, and amino acids feed back on both the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary to control the function of the somatotroph cell. Alterations ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether plasma secretin levels can be used as a diagnostic measure of gastric acid output. METHODS: A marker perfusion technique was used to quantify gastric acid output. Blood samples were drawn for secretin radioimmunoassay at specified intervals before and after pentagastrin stimulation in six healthy volunteers and ...

Somatostatin (SST) and its analogs injected into the CSF induce different gastric acid response patterns. Five SST receptors have been characterized (SSTR-1 to -5). We studied the influence of selective SSTR-2, -3 and -5 ligands on basal gastric acid secretion after intracisternal (i.c.) injection in conscious rats equipped with chronic ...

Chicken gastrin has a C-terminal sequence resembling mammalian cholecystokinin, but its biological properties resemble mammalian gastrin. The mechanisms controlling chicken gastrin release are poorly understood. We have investigated the factors which influence chicken gastrin secretion in vivo. Plasma gastrin concentration was decreased within 12 h of fasting, but tissue gastrin ...

Stilbene disulfonic acids inhibit surfactant secretion from lung epithelial type II cells by an undefined mechanism, and inhibit CD4 mediated cell-cell fusion. We have previously shown that lung synexin promotes in vitro fusion of lamellar bodies and plasma membranes, an obligatory process for surfactant secretion. This study investigates the effect ...

We have shown that unesterified, unsaturated long-chain fatty acids inhibit angiotensin II (AII) binding to receptors in adrenal glomerulosa cells. In this report, we show that oleic and arachidonic acids are specific inhibitors of the AT1 subtype of angiotensin receptor, and exert no effect on receptors of the AT2 subtype. ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether acid secretion by gall bladder mucosa is influenced by alcohol and whether hydrogen ion output is increased when the gall bladder is perfused with moderate concentrations of alcohol. METHODS: Fifty bovine gall bladders were studied. Twenty-five served as controls and 25 were perfused (in groups of ...

The role of capsaicin-sensitive afferent innervation and neural pathways involved in the enterogastric inhibition of gastric acid secretion by luminal acid was investigated in urethan-anesthetized rats. Intestinal perfusion with graded concentrations of HCl (50, 75, and 100 mM) for 1 h dose dependently inhibited both thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogue- and ...

During intestinal vitamin A absorption, retinol is esterified by long-chain fatty acids and secreted in chylomicron particles. Stable transfectants of the human intestinal Caco-2 cell line overexpressing cellular retinol binding protein II (CRBP II) or coexpressing CRBP II and CRBP were established to study their role in intestinal vitamin A ...

The metabolism of [U-14C]isoleucine was examined in different tissues of five species of lepidopteran and four species of non-lepidopteran insects. Slices of fat body, epidermis, Malpighian tubule, gut, and muscle were incubated in a culture medium containing [U-14C]isoleucine; the medium was analyzed by ion-exclusion LC to quantify labeled metabolites. Tissues ...

Bombesin-like peptides stimulate gastrin release and gastric acid secretion. The increase in gastric acid output is thought to be secondary to gastrin release. A monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed specifically to gastrin (MAb 28.2) was used to study the role of circulating gastrin in the regulation of bombesin-stimulated acid secretion in ...

Oral sensitivity to acids mediates a range of irritation, from desirable sensations of pungency in various foods and beverages to the pain associated with harmful levels of acidity and inflammation. To characterize the role of the epithelial and vascular processes in neural sensitivity to acid applied to the lingual mucosa, ...

Gastric acid outputs were examined after gastrin-17 (gastrin) injection into either side of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) or both sides of the PVN in bilaterally adrenalectomized rats. The acid output increased when 40 pM gastrin was unilaterally injected (10 s, 500 nl) into the PVN through a 28-gauge stainless ...

The acid-inhibitory effect of lansoprazole was evaluated in comparison with that of famotidine and omeprazole by using 24-h intragastric pH monitoring in 10 young, healthy Japanese volunteers. Lansoprazole 20 mg once daily in the morning was superior to famotidine 20 mg twice daily, omeprazole 20 mg once daily in the ...

The concept of an alkaline tide which compensates for gastric acid secretion suggests the possibility of indirect measurement of gastric acid secretion. This study was designed to determine whether postprandial changes in renal and respiratory function could be used to assess gastric secretion in healthy adults. Volunteers ate one of ...

Somatostatin is a potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. Recently, at least five distinct somatostatin receptor subtypes (SSTR) have been characterized and evaluated using relatively selective peptide analogues of somatostatin. We sought to determine which somatostatin receptor subtypes are involved in peripheral regulation of gastric acid secretion. Fasted, male Sprague-Dawley ...

Aging is associated with diminished immune function that may stem from alterations in arachidonic acid metabolism and lipid peroxidation. This study sought to determine if dietary modification of fatty acids influenced neutrophil and monocyte secretion after an in vivo inflammatory stress in older human subjects. Volunteers participated in protocols that ...

The gastric mucosa responds to taurocholate (TC) by significantly decreasing acid secretion. We examined the role of nitric oxide (NO) in this phenomenon in comparison with endogenous prostaglandins. A rat stomach was mounted in an ex-vivo chamber and perfused with saline, and the potential difference, luminal pH and acid responses ...

This study was designed to determine the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in gastric and duodenal alkaline under basal conditions and in response to exogenous and endogenous stimulants in conscious dogs with Heidenhain pouches and duodenal loops. A topical application of HCl or capsaicin increased both gastric and duodenal alkaline ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Acid and fat in the duodenum inhibit gastric acid secretion and increase plasma secretin. The role of prostaglandins and secretin in the inhibition of gastric acid secretion by duodenal infusion of hydrochloric acid and fat in healthy human volunteers was studied. METHODS: Gastric acid secretion was submaximally stimulated with ...

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) is the most potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion known at present. Although histamine has been shown to be an important mediator of gastric acid secretion, the effect of IL-1 beta on gastric histamine mobilization has not been studied. In the present study, the effects of ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The role of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the regulation of gastric acid secretion is still controversial. This study examined the effect of the CCK-A receptor antagonist loxiglumide (lox) on gastrin- or CCK-induced gastric acid secretion and meal-stimulated plasma gastrin levels in a placebo-controlled study. METHODS: Acid output was studied in ...

This study examines the effect of different H.p. strains (A-D) on dbc-AMP stimulated acid secretion by human parietal cells in vitro. H.p. strains A and D reduced acid secretion dose-dependently between 20 and 80%. In contrast, H.p. strains B and C had little or no effect. We conclude that H.p. ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Secretin is an inhibitory hormone of gastric acid secretion. However, its inhibitory mechanism has not been well understood. Possible roles of both somatostatin and prostaglandins were investigated. METHODS: Totally isolated rat stomachs were vascularly perfused with Krebs-Ringer buffer containing 50 mumol/L isobutyl methylxanthine at 1.4 mL.min-1. Gastric lumen was ...

A series of experiments has been designed with the aim of identifying the pheromone of the ram responsible for the primer effect--induction of a LH peak and ovulation--in anoestrous ewes. In a first experiment, the pheromonal activity of various sources was tested, extract of ram fleece and ante orbital gland ...

We investigated the physiological role of cholecystokinin (CCK) on gastric emptying and acid secretion in seven conscious dogs with gastric cannulae. Two hundred milliliters of a 4% amino acid meal was given via the cannula, and both gastric emptying and acid output were measured concurrently using a dye-dilution technique. Gastric ...

We carried out in vivo microperfusion experiments in acid-loaded rats to characterize the adaptive response of the unidirectional components secretory flux (Jsec) and reabsorptive flux (Jreab)] of distal tubule bicarbonate reabsorption and to test the hypothesis that Jreab is dependent on bafilomycin A1-sensitive H(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase activity. During 18 h of severe ...

In vitro studies have demonstrated that cholecystokinin releases somatostatin from the gastric mucosa. To date, there is no information about the in vivo significance of this finding in man. Therefore, we have studied the effect of infusion of cholecystokinin resulting in plasma concentrations within the range found after meal-stimulation, on ...

CaCo-2 monolayers, cultured for 1 week after reaching confluence, were incubated with micellar solutions of fatty acids for up to 7 days. These conditioned cells were incubated acutely (5 h) with eicosapentaenoic acid and oleic acid, and the levels of cell-associated and secreted triacylglycerol were determined. With acute addition of ...

We investigated the effect of intraduodenal administration of oligopeptide and a mixed amino acid solution, which contains the same amino acid composition as oligopeptide, on pancreatic exocrine secretion and the release of secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK). Anesthetized rats were prepared with pyloric ligation and cannulation of pancreatic duct and bile ...

Gastric acid secretion was measured in male and female cynomolgus monkeys under basal conditions and in response to intravenous administration of pentagastrin (PG). There were no statistically significant differences between males and females in either basal or PG-stimulated gastric acid output. Neither were differences between males and females statistically significant ...

The mechanism of renal acid secretion in marine fish is largely unknown. We explored whether H(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (H(+)-K(+)-ATPase) is present and functional in acid secretion in the kidney of the elasmobranch spiny dogfish shark, Squalus acanthias. In whole animal studies, a specific inhibitor of mammalian H(+)-K(+)-ATPase, Sch-28080, abolished greater than 87% ...

Secretin has been known to inhibit gastric acid secretion in several species. However, the physiological role of secretin on the postprandial acid output and gastric emptying in an intact stomach remains controversial. In the present study, we reinvestigated the role of secretin in physiological dose range and endogenous secretin on ...

5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5-HT) is released from the gastrointestinal tract by vagal stimulation. This biogenic amine produces many alterations in gastric functional parameters, including inhibition of gastric acid secretion. This study was designed to characterize the 5-HT receptor subtype modulating gastric acid secretion. In urethane-anesthetized acute gastric fistula rats, systemic 5-HT ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Induction of acute necrotizing pancreatitis with cerulein causes profound pancreatic glutathione depletion in the mouse. Because cysteine availability can be rate-limiting for glutathione synthesis, the pancreatic content of cysteine during cerulein treatment was measured and the potential benefit of augmenting pancreatic cysteine was determined. METHODS: Female Swiss-Webster mice were ...

In view of the increasing incidence of diseases such as gastritis and ulcers in workers exposed to noise, we assessed whether noise does in fact affect gastric secretion. Then, considering the conflicting findings published on the effects of noise on gastric secretion, we also investigated whether the response was related ...

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been established as a potent orexigenic peptide, and recent studies suggest that NPY stimulates cephalic phase secretion as well. However, it is not known whether NPY's effects are pharmacologic or physiologic. In order to determine the physiologic significance of NPY, we examined the effects of two ...

The role of body temperature in the acid stimulatory mechanism by mepirizole, a duodenal ulcerogen, was investigated in urethane-anesthetized rats. Subcutaneous administration of mepirizole (60 and 200 mg/kg) increased acid secretion in a dose-dependent manner and resulted in duodenal lesions within 8 hr. The acid secretory and ulcerogenic responses induced ...

In a prospective randomised study, the effect of acupuncture on sham feeding stimulated gastric acid secretion was investigated. In eight healthy volunteers (five men, three women, mean (SEM) age 26.3 (4.7) years) various methods of acupuncture were performed. Apart from the sham procedure, the acupuncture was performed at the classic ...

Cholecystokinin, a hormone released from endocrine cells of the upper small intestine in response to amino acids and fatty acids in chyme, has potent effects on gut smooth muscle contractility. Depending on the region of the gut, the effect of cholecystokinin may be neurally mediated, direct, or both. Neurally-mediated effects ...

Arachidonic acid and its leukotriene metabolites have been shown to stimulate surfactant secretion by alveolar type II cells. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of various unsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid, on surfactant secretion. Surfactant secretion was expressed as the percent of [3H]choline-derived phospholipids released into ...

The effect of dietary pectin on apparent ileal and fecal digestibilities of protein and amino acids and on pancreatic secretions was studied in two experiments with growing pigs (initial weight 70 kg). Four barrows were fitted with simple T-cannulas for collection of ileal digesta; another four barrows were fitted with ...

Using a vascularly perfused rat intestinal preparation, we found that large quantities (i.e., 100-200 microM) of acid-soluble thiols accumulated in the jejunal lumen in 10-30 min and that the accumulation was largely unaffected by dietary food restriction for 24 or 48 h. Depending on the length of perfusion, cysteine comprised ...

Amino acids are known to stimulate glycogen synthesis via an increase in cell volume [Baquet, A., Hue, L., Meijer, A. J., van Woerkom, G. M. & Plomp, P. J. A. M. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 955-959]. It has recently been postulated, however, that carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate of ureagenesis, ...