The proximate and fatty acid compositions of the commercially important fish species (Engraulis encrasicolus, Alosa alosa, Belone belone, Scorpaena porcus, Pomatomus saltatrix, Mullus barbatus) from the Sinop region of the Black Sea were examined. The fat contents ranged from 1.26% (for scorpion fish) to 18.12% (for shad). The protein contents ...

  Soft goat cheese was fortified with four levels of purified fish oil (0, 60, 80, and 100 g fish oil per 3600 g goat milk) prior to curd formation to deliver high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) per serving. The cheese was evaluated for proximate ...

The toxicity of melamine and its analogue in man and animals has been reported widely. The aim of the present study was to examine the pathological effects of feeding melamine and cyanuric acid, separately or in combination, to walking catfish (Clarius batrachus). The catfish developed darkening of the skin as ...

Omega-3 (ω-3) very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 Δ5,8,11,14,17) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 Δ4,7,10,13,16,19) have been shown to have significant roles in human health. Currently the primary dietary source of these fatty acids are marine fish; however, the increasing demand for fish ...

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid present in fish oils used for omega-3 enriched diets. The natural cis double bond geometry can be transformed to the trans configuration during the deodorization process utilized in food industry. The analytical discrimination of the possible five mono-trans regioisomers represents a limiting ...

Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids have been reported to have a variety of cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric benefits. Although obtaining the preformed fatty acids EPA and DHA from their traditional source (fish) is optimal, such an approach may not be realistic for meeting the world's growing demand for (n-3) fatty acids; therefore, ...

Considerable research supports cardiovascular benefits of consuming omega-3 PUFA, also known as (n-3) PUFA, from fish or fish oil. Whether individual long-chain (n-3) PUFA have shared or complementary effects is not well established. We reviewed evidence for dietary and endogenous sources and cardiovascular effects on biologic pathways, physiologic risk factors, ...

This study reports quali-quantitative analyses on isoprenoids, phospholipids, neutral lipids, phytosterols and proteins in purified plastids isolated from fresh fruits of traditional (Donald and Incas) and high-pigment (Kalvert and HLY-18) tomato cultivars (cvs) at four ripening stages. In all the investigated cvs, lycopene, β-catotene, lutein and total carotenoids varied significantly ...

Very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (VLC-PUFA) containing glycerophospholipids are highly enriched in the retina, however details regarding the specific synthesis and function of these highly unusual retinal glycerophospholipids are lacking. ELOVL4 has been identified as a fatty acid elongase protein involved in the synthesis of VLC-PUFAs. Mutations in ELOVL4 ...

Background:Biopolymers are promising substances in the development of a new vitreous substitute to overcome the drawbacks associated with current hydrophobic tamponade materials.Material and Methods:Different hydrogels were assembled by crosslinking hyaluronic acid either with adipic dihydrazide (ADH) by carboxylation with ń(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-ń-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI) following hydrazation or by photocrosslinking with UV-light and ...

We hypothesized that reduction/loss of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA) due to mutations in the Elongation of Very Long Chain Fatty Acids-4 (ELOVL4) protein contributes to retinal degeneration in autosomal dominant Stargardt macular dystrophy (STGD3) and age-related macular degeneration; hence, increasing VLC-PUFA in the retina of these patients ...

Abstract Purpose: This study investigated the ocular distribution of bimatoprost, latanoprost, and their acid hydrolysis products in the aqueous humor, cornea, sclera, iris, and ciliary body of patients treated with a single topical dose of 0.03% bimatoprost or 0.005% latanoprost for understanding concentration-activity relationships. Methods: Thirty-one patients undergoing enucleation for ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Retinal detachment is a disorder of the eye in which sensory retina separates from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) due to accumulation of fluid in subretinal space. Pharmacological stimulation of fluid reabsorption from subretinal space to choroid across the RPE has been suggested as a treatment strategy for ...

Background. This is the second of two review parts aiming at describing the major physiological roles of fatty acids, as well as their applications in specific conditions related to human health. Results. The review included the current literature published in Pubmed up to March 2011. In humans, fatty acids are ...

Beta-ketothiolase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of isoleucine and ketone body metabolism. This disorder is clinically characterized by ketoacidotic attacks. Ketoacidosis, vomiting, and dehydration, lethargy and coma may be seen during attacks. A 9-month-old girl was admitted to our hospital with acidosis and dehydration. The patient was lethargic. ...

The present study reveals the pharmacological effect of chlorogenic acid, a major phenolic compound in plants, food, and coffee, on diabetic cataracts. Chlorogenic acid examined the inhibitory effects upon rat lens aldose reductase (AR) activity and xylose-induced rat lens opacity. The effect of chlorogenic acid on high glucose-induced cytotoxicity in ...

Over the last decade, several epidemiological studies based on food frequency questionnaires suggest that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids could have a protective role in reducing the onset and progression of retinal diseases. The retina has a high concentration of omega-3, particularly DHA, which optimizes fluidity of photoreceptor membranes, retinal integrity, ...

Chemically modified silicon nanoparticles were applied for the laser desorption/negative ionization of small acids. A series of substituted sulfonic acids and fatty acids was studied. Compared to desorption ionization on porous silicon (DIOS) and other matrix-less laser desorption/ionization techniques, silicon nanoparticle-assisted laser desorption/ionization (SPALDI) mass spectrometry allows for the analysis ...

In this study, fatty acid compositions of six Centaurea species growing in the Konya region were determined. The fatty acid composition of Centaurea balsamita, Centaurea calolepis, Centaurea carduiformis subsp. carduiformis, Centaurea cariensis subsp. maculiceps, C. cariensis subsp. microlepis and Centaurea iberica were analysed. Four species of these six Centaurea are ...

Metabolic acid-base disorders are comnom clinical problems in ICU patients. Arterial blood gas analysis and anion gap (AG) are important laboratory data in approaching acid-base interpretation. When measuring the AG, several factors such as albumin have influence on unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations. If a patient has hypoalbuminemia, the AG ...

Transcriptional response of desaturase genes to low temperature was investigated in the dimorphic fungus Mucor rouxii. The two morphological forms of M. rouxii, yeast-like and mycelial cells containing different fatty acid profiles were shifted from 30 to 10°C. Both cultures exhibited significantly altered fatty acid composition, whose content in polyunsaturated ...

Different combinations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) had variable effects on intraerythrocytic growth of Plasmodium falciparum. All stages of the parasite cultured in medium supplemented with cis-9-octadecenoic acid (C18:1-cis-9), hexadecanoic acid (C16:0), phospholipids (Pld) and bovine albumin free of NEFA were similar to those grown in complete growth medium. Three ...

15-(4-(2-[¹⁸F]fluoroethoxy)phenyl)pentadecanoic acid ([¹⁸F]7) was synthesized as a PET probe for assessing myocardial fatty acid metabolism. The radiosynthesis of [¹⁸F]7 was accomplished using a two-step reaction, starting with the corresponding tosylate ester, methyl 15-(4-(2-(tosyloxy)ethoxy)phenyl)pentadecanoate (5), and gave the radiolabeled fatty acid, [¹⁸F]7 in a radiolabeling yield of 55-60% and a specific ...

The effect of change in unsaturated fatty acid composition on ethanol tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae overexpressing ScOLE1 (∆9 fatty acid desaturase gene of S. cerevisiae), CaFAD2 (∆12 fatty acid desaturase gene of Candida albicans), or CaFAD3 (ω3 fatty acid desaturase gene of C. albicans) was examined. ScOLE1 over-expression increased the ...

Omega-hydroxyfatty acids are excellent monomers for synthesizing a unique family of polyethylene-like biobased plastics. However, ω-hydroxyfatty acids are difficult and expensive to prepare by traditional organic synthesis, precluding their use in commodity materials. Here we report the engineering of a strain of the diploid yeast Candida tropicalis to produce commercially ...

Removal of potential pathogenic bacteria, for example, during wastewater treatment, is effected by sorption, filtration, natural die-off, lysis by viruses, and grazing by protists, but the actual contribution of grazing has never been assessed quantitatively. A methodical approach for analyzing the grazing of protists on (13)C-labeled prey bacteria was developed ...

Previous studies showed the relationship between fatty acids and the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, they did not address potential differences in free fatty acid (FFA) profiles that could be used to distinguish between AD patients and healthy controls. In the present study we used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ...

Unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) are essential components of cells. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, stearoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) desaturase 1 (OLE1) affects cell viability through the regulation of oleic (18:1) or palmitoleic (16:1) acid production. In this study, we used a targeted gene deletion approach to determine the impact of OLE1 on the ...

In this study, Scenedesmus obliquus SJTU-3 and Chlorella pyrenoidosa SJTU-2 were cultivated with 0.03%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 50% CO(2). The two microalgae could grow at 50% CO(2) (>0.69 g L(-1)) and grew well (>1.22 g L(-1)) under CO(2) concentrations ranging from 5% to 20%. Both of the two examined ...

A novel nano-structured copolymer of aniline and m-amino benzoic acid (m-ABA) was introduced as a coating of solid phase microextraction (SPME) of saturated-fatty acids in zooplanktons by coupling to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The nano-structured coating was prepared using co-polymerization of m-aminobenzoic acid and aniline. Improved temperature resistance (up to ...

Palmitate negatively affects insulin secretion and apoptosis in the pancreatic β-cell. The detrimental effects are abolished by elongating and desaturating the fatty acid into oleate. To investigate mechanisms of how the two fatty acids differently affect β-cell function and apoptosis, lipid handling was determined in MIN6 cells cultured in the ...

Myristic acid, the 14-carbon saturated fatty acid (C14:0), usually accounts for small amounts (0.5%-1% weight of total fatty acids) in animal tissues. Since it is a relatively rare molecule in the cells, the specific properties and functional roles of myristic acid have not been fully studied and described. Like other ...

Triclosan is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent having low toxicity which facilitates its incorporation into numerous personal and health care products. Although triclosan acts against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by affecting fatty acid biosynthesis, it is ineffective against the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Wild-type strain P. aeruginosa ...

Marine bacterial isolates Vibrio sp. HC0601C5 and Halomonas meridiana str. HC4321C1 were isolated off the coast of southern California and were found to produce an expanded suite of previously identified amphiphilic siderophores. Specifically two new members of the amphibactin family, amphibactins S and T, which have a C14:1 ω-7 fatty ...

Saturated fatty acids (SFAs), significant components of both enteral/parenteral nutritional formulations (including diet), are linked to cardiovascular disease complications, such as atherosclerosis. We investigated whether oleic acid (C18:1n-9) reduces the growth inhibitory and pro-inflammatory effects of the stearic acid (C18:0) in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). Stearic acid induced growth ...

We have assessed that nuclear lipids from rat kidney cells are not only membrane components, but they are also found within the nucleus. The most abundant nuclear and endonuclear lipids have a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (n-6 series: arachidonic > linoleic), mainly esterified to PtdCho. Nuclear most abundant molecular species ...

Vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy (VSFS) has been used to determine the stability toward oxidation in air of a series of unsaturated fatty acids, measuring as a function of time the changes in the chemical structure and conformational order of films spread on a Langmuir trough. The fatty acids studied consisted ...

We examined the influence of the reproductive cycle and environmental variables on the gonadal fatty acid profile in the tropical scallop Nodipecten nodosus. Individuals from a natural population in north-eastern Venezuela (Caribbean Sea) were sampled monthly during one year. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) and a visual assessment of gonadic status ...

Herein we report a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC/MS/MS) method for the analysis of positional isomers of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in vegetable oils. The fragmentation behavior of [M + X](+) ions (X = NH(4), Li, Na or Ag) was studied on a quadrupole-time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer under low-energy ...

Double bond locations in fatty acids can be determined from characteristic charge-remote fragmentation patterns of alkali metal-adducted fatty acids following high energy collision activated dissociation (CAD). With low energy CAD, several chemical derivatization methods, including ozonization, epoxidation, and hydroxylation, have been used to generate characteristic fragments. However, high energy CAD ...

Peroxisomal disorders are characterized biochemically by elevated levels of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in serum. Herein, we describe a novel approach for quantification of VLCFAs in serum, namely, eicosanoic acid (C20:0), docosanoic acid (C22:0), tetracosanoic acid (C24:0), and hexacosanoic acid (C26:0). The methodology is based on (i) enrichment ...

Z9 Desaturases catalyse the formation of a cis-unsaturated bond in the Δ9 position of the saturated fatty acids stearate and palmitate. They are considered essential enzymes in eukaryotic organisms as their Z9 unsaturated fatty acid products are required for homeostatic roles such as maintenance of membrane fluidity. Two putative Z9 ...

The stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity is involved in regulation of metabolism, energy storage, and membrane fluidity. However, only few cellular assays have been developed. We describe a simple and robust method to quantitate SCD activity and its inhibition in primary rat hepatocytes. Hepatocytes assimilate stearic acid, with or without modification ...

Microsomal cytochrome b (5) is a ubiquitous, 15.2 kDa haemoprotein implicated in a number of cellular processes such as fatty acid desaturation, drug metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis and methaemoglobin reduction. As a consequence of these functions this protein has been considered essential for life. Most of the ascribed functions of cytochrome ...

A Gram-reaction-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CC-VM-Y(T), was isolated from the faeces of the pill millipede Arthrosphaera magna Attems from India and was subsequently studied to determine its taxonomic position. Based on16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the isolate clearly grouped with members of the genus Microbacterium. On the basis of ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between fatty acid composition of plasma cholesteryl esters (CEs) and estimated desaturase activity and the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The study also assessed the effect of ezetimibe on CE levels. Plasma CEs fatty acid composition ...

Unsaturated fatty acid from accumulated sebum disrupts calcium influx in keratinocytes and triggers epidermal hyperplasia, leading to comedone formation in the skin. Oleic acid, a representative unsaturated fatty acid, has been shown to be a useful reagent to induce these cellular alternations, however, the detailed mechanism still remains to be ...

The cftr knockout mouse model of cystic fibrosis (CF) shows intestinal obstruction; malabsorption and inflammation; and a fatty acid imbalance in intestinal mucosa. We performed a lipid mapping of colon sections from CF and control (WT) mice by cluster time of flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) imaging to localize lipid ...

This work reports the synthesis of new fatty acid amides from C16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:1 (OH), and 18:2 fatty acids families with cyclic and acyclic amines and demonstrate for the first time the activity of these compounds as antituberculosis agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Rv, M. tuberculosis rifampicin resistance (ATCC 35338), ...

BACKGROUND: Chilling injury (CI) limits the storage period and shelf-life of red-fleshed loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.), which leads to a remarkable loss after cold storage. To develop an effective technique to reduce CI, the effects of a 38 degrees C heat treatment in air for 5 h, plus storage ...