Abnormal follicular keratinization is involved in comedogenesis in acne vulgaris. We recently demonstrated that calcium influx into epidermal keratinocytes is associated with impaired skin barrier function and epidermal proliferation. Based on these results, we hypothesized that sebum components affect calcium dynamics in the keratinocyte and consequently induce abnormal keratinization. To ...

A new bacterial isolate from a methylamine enrichment culture is described, representing a novel species of facultatively methylotrophic bacteria. The non-motile bacterium is Gram-negative, replicates by budding and does not form endospores. The isolate utilizes methylated amines, as well as a variety of monosaccharides, disaccharides, amino acids, organic acids, aromatic ...

Yeast cells adapted to the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) exhibit a plasma membrane less susceptible to 2,4-D-induced disruption and are more tolerant than unadapted cells to lethal concentrations of the herbicide. These cells, adapted to grow in the presence of increasing concentrations of 2,4-D, were found to exhibit a dose-dependent ...

In the basidiomycete Lentinula edodes, a famous edible mushroom (shiitake), the fatty acyl composition of total lipids has previously been shown to change during cell differentiation. In the present study, we succeeded in cloning a gene for a Delta12 fatty acid desaturase from L. edodes. The ORF of this gene ...

Conventionally, epoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids has been studied either with titrimetric methods or in a lengthy procedure involving derivatization followed by gas chromatography (GC). We have developed a more rapid and descriptive analysis procedure for the substances using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD). ...

GM1a [Gal beta1-3GalNAc beta1-4(NeuAc alpha2-3)Gal beta1-4Glc beta1-1Cer] is known to support and protect neuronal functions. However, we report that alpha-linolenic acid-containing GM1a (C18:3-GM1a), which was prepared using the reverse hydrolysis reaction of sphingolipid ceramide N-deacylase, induced apoptosis in neuronal cells. Intranucleosomal DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and caspase activation, all typical ...

An actinomycete strain (CB1190(T)) was previously isolated from industrial sludge contaminated with 1,4-dioxane. The cells of this culture are Gram-positive and exhibit branching aerial and vegetative mycelium. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicates that the strain belongs to the genus Pseudonocardia, closely related to Pseudonocardia hydrocarbonoxydans, P. sulfidoxydans ...

A homologous series of N-(3-methylbutyl)amides of normal saturated C14, C15, C16, C17 and C18 fatty acids were identified as major components of glandular trichome extracts from Medicago sativa G98A, an alfalfa genotype resistant to the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae. A second homologous series of N-(2-methylpropyl)amides of C14 through C18 normal ...

The 20S proteasome, the catalytic core of the 26S proteasome, has previously been isolated, purified and partially characterised from ostrich skeletal muscle (Thomas, A.R., Oosthuizen, V., Naude, R.J., Muramoto, K. 2002. Biol. Chem. 383, 1267-1270). Due to the apparent latency of the 20S proteasome purified from various sources, this study ...

Linoleic acid (C18:2omega6) (10 microM) depressed ACh-evoked whole-cell membrane currents followed by potentiation of the currents in Xenopus oocytes expressing Torpedo ACh receptors. The potentiation was never obtained with linoleoylamide (10 microM), which contains CONH2 instead of COOH on linoleic acid. In the assay of protein kinase C (PKC) using ...

We studied the omega-oxidation of docosanoic acid (C22:0) in rat liver microsomes. C22:0 and 22-hydroxy-docosanoic acid (omega-hydroxy-C22:0) were used as substrates, and the reaction products were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. In the presence of NADPH, omega-oxidation of C22:0 produced not only the hydroxylated product, omega-hydroxy-C22:0, but also the ...

OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluated the effects of dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on D-glucose absorption in weaning rats. METHODS: Pups were born from control mothers fed a diet containing (per kg of total fatty acids) 280 g of saturated fatty acids, 496 g of monounsaturated fatty acids and 222 g ...

The lipid content and fatty acid composition of depot fat were determined for 58 immature green turtles (Chelonia mydas) residing at two near-shore foraging areas, Ahu-O-Laka, located in Kaneohe Bay on Oahu, and Kiholo Bay located on the island of Hawaii. Benthic flora at Kiholo was limited to a single ...

A series of positionally pure triglycerides (TAGs) of the form OXO and YOY, where O is the oleate moiety and X and Y are large arrays of different fatty acid moieties, was synthesized and analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The intensities of the collision-induced decomposition (CID) products ...

Changes in cellular fatty acid composition during naphthalene degradation, at the concentrations of 0.5 g l(-1) or 1.0 g l(-1), by Pseudomonas sp. JS150 were investigated. In response to naphthalene exposure an increase in saturated/unsaturated ratio was observed. Additionally, the dynamic changes involved alterations in the contents of hydroxy, cyclopropane ...

The effects of 3 fermentation temperatures (30, 37, and 42 degrees C) and 3 fermentation pH (4.5, 5, and 6) on the cryotolerance of Lactobacillus acidophilus RD758 were studied in relation to their fatty acid composition. Cryotolerance was defined as the ability of the cells to recover their acidification activity ...

The relative contents of the fatty acids 14 : 0, 15 : 0 and 17 : 0 in serum and adipose tissue may be used as biological markers of dairy fat intake. However, the determinants of these fatty acids are not fully understood. This study investigates the relationship between these ...

Six Orientia strains including 3 prototype strains such as Gilliam, Karp, and Kato, and 3 strains (Boryong, Pajoo, and Yongworl) isolated in Korea, were studied for the profiles of their cellular fatty acids. All tested strains contained octadecenoic acid C (18: 1) omega 9 c(57.3 +/- 3.5%), octadecanoic acid C ...

Among the marine bacteria isolated from cytotoxic sponge Hymeniacidon perleve, one strain NJ6-3-1 classified as Pseudomonas sp. showed both cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. Fatty acid analysis indicated that the bacterial strain consists mainly of C16:1, C16:0, C18:1, C18:0, C15:0, C14:0. One unusual 9,10-cyclopropane-C17:0 fatty acid, and C26:0 also constitute as ...

Mammalian fatty acid synthase (FASE) overexpression has been shown in a number of human malignancies including colonic adenocarcinoma. Since FASE synthesizes only saturated fatty acids, we hypothesized that cancer cells have a greater proportion of long-chain saturated fatty acids. We studied and found an unequivocal increase in saturated C18 fatty ...

Membrane fluidity is critical for proper membrane function and is regulated in part by the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids present in membrane lipids. The proportion of these lipids in turn varies with temperature and may contribute to temperature adaptation in poikilothermic organisms. The fundamental question posed in this study ...

Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168 does not exhibit the general increase in cellular stress resistance on entry into stationary phase that is seen in most other bacteria. This is consistent with the lack of global stationary phase regulatory elements in this organism, deduced from an analysis of its genome sequence. We ...

Only a handful of P450 genes have been functionally characterized from the approximately 90 recently identified in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster. Cyp6a8 encodes a 506-amino acid protein with 53.6% amino acid identity with CYP6A2. CYP6A2 has been shown to catalyze the metabolism of several insecticides including aldrin and heptachlor. ...

To investigate the effects of dietary fatty acids on acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) and cytosolic cholesteryl ester hydrolase (cCEH), male Syrian hamsters (F(1)B hybrid) were fed a modified version of the NIH-07 open formula, cereal-based rodent diet enriched with one of the following 4 dietary fatty acids: palmitic acid (16:0), trans ...

The molecular mechanism of the unique cis to trans isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids in the solvent-tolerant bacterium Pseudomonas putida S12 was studied. For this purpose, the carbon isotope fractionation of the cis-trans isomerase was estimated. In resting cell experiments, addition of 3-nitrotoluene for activation of the cis-trans isomerase resulted ...

Saturated fatty acids are less vulnerable to lipid peroxidation than their unsaturated counterparts. In this investigation, individual fatty acids of the C(16), C(18) and (20) families were subjected to the thiobarbituric (TBA) assay. These fatty acids were chosen based on their degree of saturation and configuration of double bonds. Interestingly, ...

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, three pathways lead to the formation of cellular phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn), namely the mitochondrial conversion of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) to PtdEtn catalyzed by phosphatidylserine decarboxylase 1 (Psd1p), the equivalent reaction catalyzed by phosphatidylserine decarboxylase 2 (Psd2p) in the Golgi, and the CDP-ethanolamine branch of the so-called Kennedy ...

Twenty-six axenic strains of planktonic Anabaena with coiled trichomes belonging to 13 species were investigated by analyzing the pattern and content of their fatty acid composition, and by comparing their fatty acid composition with their morphological properties. In general, the planktonic Anabaena with coiled trichomes contained 14:0, 16:0, 16:1(cis-), 18:0, ...

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common foodborne pathogen frequently causing outbreaks in summer. Maintenance of virulence by the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state of this pathogen would allow its threat to human health to persist. This study reports on the change in virulence and concomitant changes in activity of two enzymes ...

The incorporation of exogenously supplied fatty acids, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid, was examined in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe at two growth temperatures, 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C. Fatty acids supplied to S. pombe in the growth medium were found to be preferentially incorporated ...

The delivery of large peptides through the skin poses a significant challenge, and various strategies are under active investigation for enhancing the transdermal permeation. For large peptides, it is difficult to achieve significant permeation using iontophoresis alone. Hence a combination of fatty acids with iontophoresis was hypothesized to result in ...

The polar glycolipids were isolated from the thermophilic bacteria Meiothermus taiwanensis ATCC BAA-400 by ethanol extraction and purified by Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel column chromatography. The fatty acid composition of O-acyl groups in the glycolipids was obtained by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy analysis on their methyl esters derived from ...

Hyphomicrobium indicum Johnson and Weisrock 1969 lacks true budding and hyphal branching, and some phenotypic characteristics are in contrast to other true hyphomicrobia. The major quinone system (ubiquinone Q-8), the G+C content of the DNA (40 mol%) and the cellular fatty acid composition (16 : 0, 16 : 1 and ...

The structure of a major glycolipid isolated from the thermophilic bacteria Thermus oshimai NTU-063 was elucidated. The sugar and fatty acid compositions were determined by GC-MS and HPLC analysis on their methanolysis and methylation derivatives, respectively. After removal of both O- and N-acyl groups by alkaline treatment, the glycolipid was ...

Marsupial spermatozoa tolerate cold shock well, but differ in cryopreservation tolerance. In an attempt to explain these phenomena, the fatty acid composition of the sperm membrane from caput and cauda epididymides of the Eastern grey kangaroo, koala, and common wombat was measured and membrane sterol levels were measured in cauda ...

Medicago sativa cv. G98A is highly resistant to the potato leafhopper, Empoascafabae. Glandular trichome extracts from G98A were fractionated using flash chromatography and tested for settling deterrency against the potato leafhopper. A fraction of intermediate polarity exhibited strong, dose-dependent deterrency when applied to the surface of an artificial diet sachet. ...

Fatty acid composition and structure in total lipids from the green above-ground parts of four alpine plants, Oxygraphis glacialis, Primula macrophylla, Rhodiola pamiroalaica, and Swertia marginata, were established by GC and GC-MS. A total of 55 fatty acids was detected, and 48 of them were identified. Ubiquitous palmitate, linoleate, and ...

A medium chain length fatty acid, [1-(14C)] lauric acid (12:0) was administered to the detached leaves of Artemisia and was incorporated into major lipids, including phospholipids and galactolipids. [1-(14C)]12:0 was elongated and desaturated into linolenic acid (18:3). In detached leaves of both Artemisia and Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia, radioactivity from ...

Four oral bacterial strains, of which two are considered aciduric and two are considered acid-sensitive, were grown under glucose-limiting conditions in chemostats to determine whether their membrane fatty acid profiles were altered in response to environmental acidification. Streptococcus gordonii DL1, as well as the aciduric strains S. salivarius 57.I, and ...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of sodium salts of individual fatty acids on protozoal numbers and ruminal fermentation variables in vitro. Ruminal inoculum was obtained from two heifers fed a finishing diet consisting of (DM basis) 90% rolled barley grain, 4% barley silage, 5% soybean ...

Bioassay-guided fractionation of a hexane extract of strobile hops (Humulus lupulus) was undertaken to isolate and characterize the antimycobacterial constituents using the fast-growing mycobacterial species Mycobacterium fortuitum. Activity was associated with a low polarity fraction and 1H NMR spectra indicated the presence of a fatty acid mixture with unsaturated components. ...

Antarctic notothenioid fishes possess large lipid stores that are important fuels for aerobic metabolism. Oxidative muscle tissues of these animals oxidize long-chain mono-unsaturated fatty acids more readily than saturated fatty acids. The mechanistic basis(es) for the substrate specificity of their fatty acid-oxidizing pathway is unknown. We examined the substrate specificity ...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to investigate the (1 0 0) face of crystalline adipic acid, both in air and liquid environments. In air, surface reorganization occurred during scanning of the AFM probe, which has been investigated using single point force-distance analysis under a controlled relative humidity (RH) ...

The yolk sac membrane (YSM) of the chicken embryo is known to express delta-9 and delta-6 desaturase activities, suggesting that biosynthesis of the unsaturated fatty acids 18:1n-9, 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 might occur during the transfer of yolk lipids across the YSM. If so, this biosynthesis could help to satisfy the ...

Compound-specific hydrogen isotopic compositions (deltaD) of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids have been determined for natural marine macroalgae including two brown algae (Heterokontophyta) and two red algae (Rhodophyta). deltaD values of individual fatty acids from four macroalgae exhibit a wide variation ranging from -189% to +48%. Generally, stearic (18:0), ...

Mammary epithelial cells have recently been shown to express and secrete leptin into milk and to accumulate triacylglycerol (TAG) in cytosol. We examined the effects on the accumulation of cytosolic TAG of free fatty acid addition to the medium bathing bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC). Both saturated (palmitic and stearic) ...

Tenascin-X (TNX) is a member of the tenascin family of glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. Here, we observed abnormalities in the skin of TNX-deficient mice in comparison with that of wild-type mice. Histological analysis with Oil Red O staining demonstrated that there was considerable accumulation of lipid in the skin ...

In higher plants, very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are the main constituents of hydrophobic polymers that prevent dessication at the leaf surface and provide stability to pollen grains. Of the 21 genes encoding VLCFA elongases (VLCFAEs) from Arabidopsis thaliana, 17 were expressed heterologously in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Six VLCFAEs, including three known ...

Unlike most other bacteria, mycobacteria make fatty acids with the multidomain enzyme eukaryote-like fatty acid synthase I (FASI). Previous studies have demonstrated that the tuberculosis drug pyrazinamide and 5-chloro-pyrazinamide target FASI activity. Biochemical studies have revealed that in addition to C(16:0), Mycobacterium tuberculosis FASI synthesizes C(26:0) fatty acid, while the ...

Previously, it has been demonstrated that the membrane fatty acid composition of Streptococcus mutans is affected by growth pH (E. M. Fozo and R. G. Quivey, Jr., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:929-936, 2004; R. G. Quivey, Jr., R. Faustoferri, K. Monahan, and R. Marquis, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 189:89-92, 2000). Specifically, the ...