This study characterized proteoglycan metabolites present in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) collected from sites with clinical evidence of advanced periodontal disease. The metabolites were purified by anion-exchange chromatography from which a chondroitin sulphate rich fraction was identified by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of this fraction revealed a ...

A novel class of sulfoglycosphingolipid, a sulfate analog of ganglioside, was isolated from mammals for the first time. This sulfated ganglioside was purified from rat kidney by column chromatographies on anion exchangers and silica beads. One-dimensional 1H NMR, compositional and permethylation analyses showed that this glycolipid has a Gg4Cer core ...

In this study the wound healing response of full-thickness skin defects was enhanced through the use of acidic fibroblast growth factor using a collagen scaffold. The objectives of this study were (1) to compare the facilitatory effects of acidic fibroblast growth factor on the cellular response (fibroblast, neutrophil, macrophage, epithelial), ...

For the investigation of the skin irritancy potential of chemicals in an in vitro model, it is necessary to have sensitive end-points that predict the effects on native human skin. Our aim was to investigate whether the induction of the proteinase inhibitor SKALP in reconstructed epidermis can be used as ...

Glycolic acid peeling is known to improve photoaging processes such as wrinkling and roughness, but this effect has not been clearly defined, even though functional activation of fibroblasts has been suggested. The study was aimed to determine the effects of glycolic acid and malic acid (AHA: alpha hydroxy acid) on ...

Conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin), are used extensively for estrogen replacement therapy and prevention of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. Premarin contains at least 10 estrogens that are the sulfate esters of the ring B saturated estrogens: estrone, 17beta-estradiol, 17alpha-estradiol, and the ring B unsaturated estrogens: equilin, 17beta-dihydroequilin, 17alpha-dihydroequilin, ...

The amount of D-aspartic acid (D/L ratio) among total amino acids, acid-insoluble collagen, and non-collagen proteins (acid-soluble peptides) from the human femoral compact substance was measured by gas chromatography. We found that the amount of D-aspartic acid increased linearly with age in males but not in females. This difference between ...

The measurement of collagen synthesis by seeded cells in vitro is a prerequisite for the assessment of biocompatibility of many biomaterials. Existing methods are either complicated or not applicable to systems utilizing collagen-based materials, and the development of a rapid and simple technique would be an advantage. In the current ...

This study describes the interaction of a small chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan and the glycosaminoglycans chondroitin 4-sulphate, dermatan sulphate and heparan sulphate with hydroxyapatite. All macromolecules possessed a high affinity, with the iduronic acid-rich dermatan sulphate and heparan sulphate displaying higher adsorption maxima than the glucuronic acid-rich chondroitin 4-sulphate. At similar ...

Biomaterial implants in various human body tissues are highly susceptible to bacterial colonization. We report here on the coating of heparinized biomaterials with heparin binding extracellular matrix proteins giving special regard to the efficient adsorption and slow release of antibiotics. Heparin was partially degraded and the resulting fragments were covalently ...

A 49-year-old man with multiple myeloma (IgG-lambda Bence-Jones protein positive) presented a bleeding tendency: characterized intramuscular hemorrhage. Coagulation studies showed a von Willebrand factor (vWF) defect (Duke bleeding time > 20 min; ristocetin cofactor activity [vWF:RC] < 6%; significant reduction of large multimers of vWF. Mixing study suggested the presence ...

The influence of Aloe vera (L.) Burman f. on the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) components of the matrix in a healing wound was studied. Wound healing is a dynamic and complex sequence of events of which the major one is the synthesis of extracellular matrix components. The early stage of wound healing ...

The effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated by in vitro stimulation of isolated PMN upon the main GAG components of mineralised and non-mineralised connective tissues was investigated. PMN were isolated from whole blood and the production of the ROS superoxide (O2.-) and hydroxyl radicals (.OH) was stimulated by the ...

Measurement of the glycosylated hydroxylysines galactosyl- and glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine (GH and GGH) in combination with other amino acids has been based on ion-exchange chromatography followed by reaction with ninhydrin. Here, a rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorimetric detection has been developed and employed to determine the glycosylated hydroxylysine ...

PURPOSE: To better understand wound healing after glaucoma filtration surgery by measuring the production of type I and type III collagen in cultured Tenon's fibroblasts and determine the effect of ascorbic acid on collagen subtype production. METHODS: An ELISA-type dot blot assay was used to directly measure the production of ...

Glycosaminoglycans are polysaccharides involved in epithelial-mesenchymal interaction and cell differentiation and provide a meshwork which is essential to maintain a proper intercellular milieu. The development of embryonic organs can be accompanied by alterations in the glycosaminoglycan pattern. In pregnancies with malformed fetuses, there are alterations in total glycosaminoglycans and their ...

Cloned immortalized MC615 mouse chondrocytic cells were used to examine their capability to produce multiple types of matrix proteoglycans. Immunofluorescence staining indicated a uniform expression of aggrecan, biglycan and decorin by all cells. After culture with [35S]sulphate, proteo[35S]glycans secreted by the cells were found to elute in two peaks from ...

In contrast to other anaerobic ecosystems, such as marine and estuarine sediments, there is a lack of information on the nutritional requirements of human gut sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Various substrates stimulated sulfate reduction in mixed culture, including short-chain fatty acids and other organic acids, alcohols, and amino acids (but not ...

The effects of in situ freezing and the combination of in situ freezing and stress-shielding on the microstructure and ultrastructure of the patellar tendon were studied with use of 20 mature rabbits. The patellar tendon was frozen in situ with liquid nitrogen to kill fibroblasts and then was completely released ...

The use of collagen as a biomedical implant raises safety issues with regard to viruses and prions. Specific chemical agents that inactivate prion infectivity could be applied to collagen implants. The physicochemical changes and the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of collagen treated by formic acid (FA), trifluoroacetic acid ...

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are consistently accumulated in tissues afflicted by amyloidosis and have been implicated in the mechanism of amyloid deposition. To study this relationship, heparan sulfate was isolated from liver and spleen of patients with AA amyloidosis and from normal organs and subjected to structural analysis. The polysaccharides were ...

A sulfotransferase (ST) which catalyzes the transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to gallic acid glucoside was characterized from microsomal preparations of Mimosa pudica. The product of the reaction was found to co-elute on HPLC with the periodic leaf movement factor 1 (PLMF-1)(gallic acid beta-D-gluco-pyranosyl-6'-sulfate). The distribution of the ...

Cutaneous resurfacing can be accomplished with application of acids, abrasive modalities, or the new generation of carbon dioxide lasers. Ultimately, the universal goal is removal and replacement of the epidermis and dermal collagen remodeling. The indications range from therapeutic and reconstruction to the treatment of the stigmata associated with senescence. ...

The action of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on bovine nasal cartilage was studied by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy in order to model degradation processes of cartilage caused by neutrophil-derived hypochlorous acid. Nasal cartilage was chosen as a mean of comparison because it differs from articular cartilage in its composition. ...

Earlier reports that benzoic acid is uterotrophic to the rat and mouse and that clofibrate is uterotrophic to the rat have not been confirmed. The studies reported here involved the use of a range of test protocols and dose levels, including the protocols/dose levels used by the original investigators. In ...

This study evaluates the feasibility of growing tissue-engineered cartilage in the shape of a human ear using chondrocytes seeded onto a synthetic biodegradable polymer fashioned in the shape of a 3-year-old child's auricle. A polymer template was formed in the shape of a human auricle using a nonwoven mesh of ...

PURPOSE: To report the clinicopathologic findings of a myxoma that arose in the subepithelial region of the right cornea of a 53-year-old man 4 years after successful treatment of an infectious corneal ulcer. METHODS: Histopathologic and histochemical evaluation of corneal tissue. RESULTS: This rare lesion appears to have originated from ...

The purpose of the present study was (1) to examine smear layer formation following different root planing modalities, and (2) to evaluate its removal and the exposure of collagen using an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid gel preparation. Twenty-four periodontitis-affected human teeth were mechanically root planed. Twelve teeth were etched with an ethylenediaminetetraacetic ...

We examined the relationship between collagen crosslinking techniques and dentinum reinforcement. In the present study, the tensile tests, imbibition test and antienzyme test were performed on collagen films mainly composed of type I collagen after ultraviolet irradiation and immersion in tannic acid and glutaraldehyde. The elastic modulus increased with the ...

To determine whether morphologic changes are accompanied by variations in the biochemical and antigenic properties of the cuticle of Onchocerca volvulus during development, we isolated and compared the 2-mercaptoethanol soluble cuticular proteins and the insoluble cuticlin from the predominant life-cycle stages occurring in man. SDS-PAGE analysis, before and after digestion ...

The steady state levels of alpha1(I) collagen mRNA are decreased by retinoic acid and prostaglandin E2. These effector substances decrease the uptake of A system amino acids. We examined the effect of amino acid deprivation on the steady state levels of alpha1(I) collagen in human lung fibroblasts. Maintenance of fibroblasts ...

A dermatan sulfate-like glycosaminoglycan was isolated from the body of the ascidian Ascidia nigra (J. Biol. Chem. 270: 31027-31036, 1995). 1H NMR and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) spectra of the tetra and disaccharides formed by chondroitin ABC lyase digestion support the proposed repeating disaccharide structure for this glycosaminoglycan, ...

The biosynthesis and hydration of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) has been implicated in the generation of palatal shelf-elevating force(s) in mammals, although the nature of the palatal shelf extracellular matrices during cleft palate formation remains poorly understood. This study quantifies the GAG composition in the palatal shelves of Wistar rat fetuses at ...

To determine the mechanisms of vitreous liquefaction following vitreous hemorrhage, we investigated the effects of the free radicals produced by a bilirubin-sensitized photochemical reaction on collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA). Bovine vitreous collagen and HA were irradiated by visible light in the presence of bilirubin, which is produced from the ...

The effects of continuous exposure to C12-alkyl sulfate on a periphytic microbial community were determined in an 8-week stream mesocosm study. C12-alkyl sulfate concentrations ranged from environmentally relevant (< 10-20 micrograms/liter) to unrealistically high concentrations (> 1500 micrograms/liter). Endpoints evaluated included turnover rates, bacterial cell density, heterotrophic mixed amino acid ...

Sulfated glycosaminoglycans are known to inhibit mammalian acid-active sialidase. Although the inhibition depends clearly on the presence of sulfate groups on these macromolecules, there was no information on the intrinsic inhibitory potency of inorganic sulfate. In this study, we demonstrate that inorganic sulfates inhibit acid-active Mu-Neu5Ac sialidase of U937 cells. ...

The mechanism of edema, proteinuria, hypertension (EPH)-gestosis-associated premature replacement of hyaluronic acid by sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the umbilical cord arteries is not known. It may result from altered biosynthesis, a different degradation rate or a combination of both phenomena. In order to solve this problem, it was decided to ...

Urinary pyridinoline (UPD) and deoxypyridinoline (UDPD) are selective markers in kinetic studies of mature collagen degradation in connective tissue, especially in bone. In patients with renal dysfunction, the determination of UPD and UDPD is not entirely reliable, while in anuretic patients it is impossible. As renal dysfunction is considered a ...

Aggrecan (PG) was isolated from Swarm rat chondrosarcoma and the chondroitin 4-sulfate removed with chondroitinase ABC (ABC) or ACII (AC), leaving a 4-deoxy-beta-d-gluc-4-enuronosyl (DeltaGlcA) residue on the nonreducing terminus of the attached chondroitin sulfate chains. Mercuric acetate (as low as 5 mm) removed the DeltaGlcA from the PG-ABC within 10 ...

Several sulfated lipids were detected in the ganglioside fraction isolated from a cell line of oligodendrocyte progenitors that had been metabolically labeled with [35S] sulfate. Separation of the ganglioside fraction by two-dimensional TLC showed that, except for galactosylceramide-sulfate, none of the sulfate-labeled lipids comigrated with those glycosphingolipids visualized by orcinol ...

Fucose-branched chondroitin sulfate E was prepared from the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. The purified glycosaminoglycan (GAG) was chemically desulfated, followed by carboxyl reduction. Intact, desulfated, and desulfated/carboxyl-reduced GAG fractions were subjected to per-O-methylation. GC-MS analyses of the resultant partially methylated alditol acetates demonstrated that the fucose branch ...

Polygonal meshworks were revealed in the aggregates reconstituted from isolated collagen IV as well as in the lamina densa of mouse pancreas by the quick-freezing and deep-etching technique. Collagen IV solution with acetic acid from the bovine lens capsules and that isolated from the pepsin-solubilized fraction of human placenta reconstituted ...

Complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is inducible by treatment with all-trans retinoic acid in the ICR mouse. In this model, hypoplasia and dysplasia of the proximal outflow tract cushion tissue lead to non-spiral septation. In order to evaluate the effect of retinoic acid on the extracellular matrix of ...

In this study, we report quantity, solubility and molecular polymorphism of collagen, proportional relationships between various types of collagen, ultrastructure of collagen fibres, the amounts of various glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proportional relationships between them in Wharton's jelly of normal umbilical cords. We compare the extracellular matrix components in Wharton's jelly ...

The two-hybrid system was used to define regions of the Ty1 Gag protein responsible for multimerization. Gag truncations lacking the first 146 or the last 97 amino acids (Gag is 440 amino acids in length) interact. A severely C-terminally truncated molecule (lacking the last 207 amino acids) was the smallest ...

A unique substitution of glycine 934 by glutamic acid in the triple helical domain of type III collagen was identified in a proband with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV. The substitution was due to the transition of G 3302 to A in alpha 1(III) cDNA which is encoded by exon 46 ...

The respective resorption rates of recently commercialized collagen versus polylactic acid-citric acid ester membranes were compared. 16 rabbits were implanted with 2 mm x 4 mm pieces of membrane of both types in the alveolar mucosa just apically to the incisors on either side of the mouth. 1 animal was ...

Soluble collagen from fish (sardine) scales was yielded at about 5% with 0.5 M acetic acid after demineralization with EDTA, while a great portion of the collagen remained insoluble. The solubility of this insoluble collagen was about 20% at 45 degrees C (denaturation temperature of soluble collagen) for 24 h. ...

We studied the molecular packing of collagen fibrils by x-ray diffraction in skin specimens of patients with lipodermatosclerosis and in controls. A difference in the tilt angles of the collagen molecules relative to the fiber axis is suggested by a D-stagger that is 1 nm larger in sclerotic skin than ...

It is well known that the elastic property of human aorta decreases gradually with age. Since the cross-linking structures are responsible for this elasticity, age-related changes of cross-linking amino acids in human aorta were studied using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Non-atherosclerotic areas of thoracic aorta of 27 autopsy cases ...